Planta最新文献

{"title":"Physical dormancy-break by predispersal insect seed predators and a discussion of insect x seed (bitrophic) interactions on population growth of legumes.","authors":"Jerry M Baskin, Carol C Baskin","doi":"10.1007/s00425-025-04749-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00425-025-04749-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Main conclusion: </strong>Physical dormancy can be broken in nature by insect seed predation. Bruchid beetles and various other insects are predispersal seed predators on physically-dormancy (PY) seeds, especially those of legumes (Fabaceae). Although many of the predated seeds are nonviable, some of them may be viable, nondormant and germinable. Our primary aim was to review the literature on the effect of predispersal seed predation on PY-break/germination in this bitrophic system. We found information on the bitrophic interactions between insects and seeds of 46 plant species in 43 \"case studies\". Seeds in 30 case studies had PY (mostly legumes), five were nondormant (ND) and in eight PY vs. ND was not determined because there was no intact seed control. In 16 of the 29 (55.2%) case studies in which seeds had PY, insect-infested seeds germinated to a higher percentage than intact (control) seeds, indicating that damage by insect seed predators broke PY. Thus, we conclude that predispersal seed predation by insects is a way in which PY is broken in nature. Further, we evaluate the possible demographic consequences of predispersal insect seed predation on legumes with PY seeds and conclude that they appear to have little or no effect of population growth (λ).</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":"262 2","pages":"31"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144317663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strategies to develop climate-resilient chili peppers: transcription factor optimization through genome editing.","authors":"Mallesham Bulle, Md Mezanur Rahman, Md Robyul Islam, Sadanandam Abbagani","doi":"10.1007/s00425-025-04747-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00425-025-04747-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chili peppers (Capsicum spp.), a globally significant crop revered for their nutritional, economic, and cultural importance, are increasingly imperiled by the converging burdens of climate-induced abiotic stresses, including drought, heat, and salinity, and relentless biotic assaults from pathogens and insect herbivores. These overlapping stressors not only destabilize yield but also compromise the metabolic intricacy responsible for the accumulation of health-promoting secondary metabolites. Although Capsicum exhibits remarkable genetic and phytochemical diversity, the integrated transcriptional, metabolic, and epigenetic frameworks that underpin its stress resilience remain poorly delineated. This review synthesizes recent advances in decoding core transcription factor families, such as CaNAC, CaWRKY, and CaMYB, that serve as pivotal regulators of osmotic adjustment, reactive oxygen species detoxification, hormonal crosstalk, and secondary metabolite biosynthesis under stress conditions. We further highlight how multi-omics-guided gene discovery, when paired with CRISPR/Cas-mediated genome editing, enables precise reprogramming of key regulatory loci to enhance adaptive responses. Emerging innovations, including base editing, prime editing, and novel nucleases like Cas12a and Cas13d, are expanding the functional genome-editing landscape, while the integration of morphogenic regulators and genotype-independent transformation platforms is beginning to circumvent long-standing obstacles in Capsicum genetic engineering. Lastly, we propose a transformative framework that converges transcription factor modulation, multi-omics strategies, precision phenotyping, and next-generation genome editing to accelerate the development of climate-resilient Capsicum cultivars with optimized metabolic traits. This strategic convergence of molecular insight and biotechnological innovation offers a robust foundation for building next-generation chili pepper varieties capable of withstanding intensifying environmental and pathogenic pressures, ultimately safeguarding yield, nutritional quality, and agricultural sustainability in the face of global climate change.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":"262 2","pages":"30"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12174194/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144317664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-wide annotation and comparative analysis of miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements (MITEs) in six pear species.","authors":"Zewen Wang, Yunqi Zhang, Xuming Chen, Yan Yan, Chao Wang, Qionghou Li, Xin Qiao, Xiao Wu, Shuwei Wei, Shaoling Zhang, Hao Yin","doi":"10.1007/s00425-025-04750-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00425-025-04750-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Main conclusion: </strong>Through multi-faceted comparative analysis of MITEs across six pear genomes, we revealed their distribution patterns, functional impacts and their significant role as genomic origins for miRNAs, with copy number being the most critical factor for MITE-miRNA transformation, providing valuable insights for future research. Miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements (MITEs) are prevalent in plant genomes and play a significant role in genome evolution and diversity. The availability of high-quality genome sequences for six pear species-Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd cv. 'Dangshan Suli', Pyrus communis L. cv. 'Bartlett', Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai cv. 'Nijisseiki' and 'Cuiguan', Pyrus ussuriensis maxim cv. 'Zhongai No.1', Pyrus betulifolia Bunge cv. 'Duli'-has facilitated the annotation and comparative analysis of MITEs in these species. Consequently, we identified 12,759 intact MITEs belonging to 750 families. Sequence diversity analysis revealed that these MITEs underwent one or two rounds of amplification burst events within the pear genomes. Among them, 10,368 intact MITEs demonstrated collinearity across six pear species. Further investigation indicated that MITEs are predominantly located upstream regions of genes. Notably, 1832 genes exhibited potential regulation (either up-regulation or down-regulation) due to MITE insertions. Additionally, 4421 previously missing genes, disrupted by MITE insertions, were restored and re-annotated. We identified 8855 MITE-miRNAs belonging to 370 families across all six species, with approximately 75% of miRNAs originating from MITEs. Machine learning analysis revealed copy number as the most influential feature for MITE-miRNA transformation, followed by MITE length and structure stability. These findings provide valuable insights into transposable elements' role in shaping genome diversity and their impact on functional genes and miRNA genesis within pear genomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":"262 2","pages":"29"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144310309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sodium chloride enhances suberization in seminal roots but does not affect cutinized leaf barriers in cultivated and wild barley.","authors":"Paul Grünhofer, Priya Dharshini Thangamani, Lukas Schreiber, Tino Kreszies","doi":"10.1007/s00425-025-04743-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00425-025-04743-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Main conclusion: </strong>In the two compared barley genotypes, broader genetic variation did not result in a higher salt tolerance. Instead, specific traits like an exodermis might represent valuable future breeding targets. Soil salinification is a globally increasing phenomenon threatening agricultural yields. In this study, we investigated the physiological reactions of two genotypes of the fourth most abundant cereal crop barley in response to hydroponic sodium chloride exposure. It was of interest to compare a modern cultivar intentionally bred for the highest yields with a wild accession comprising a wider genetic background. Since barley is known to be a relatively salt-tolerant crop, three different sodium concentrations of up to 280 mM have been tested. The physiological adaptations of shoots and roots were investigated utilizing stomatal conductance measurements, chlorophyll fluorometry, morphometry, osmotic potential determination, mineral element concentration measurement, as well as histochemical and chemical analysis of apoplastic leaf and root barriers. While the leaf cuticle of both genotypes hardly reacted to the imposed stresses, the roots exhibited an increased endodermal suberization of especially the root tip, which strongly deviated from the previous findings about pure osmotic stress exposure. Interestingly, the putatively higher drought-tolerant wild accession did not show a considerably better growth performance, which in the context of sodium chloride stress might be attributed to its overall significantly smaller endodermal suberization reaction. We conclude that a subsequent study of a wild accession and/or a modern cultivar known to develop an exodermis might deliver valuable additional insights into potential future breeding targets. Such a suberized exodermis might be capable of conveying increased tolerance to toxic salts without negatively affecting water uptake.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":"262 2","pages":"28"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12167721/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144302657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated transcriptomics and lipidomics reveal mechanisms regulating lipids formation and accumulation in oil body during walnut seed development.","authors":"Kaiyang Zhu, Yingying Zhang, Ji Ma, Ting Zhang, Hongjie Lei, Wenge Zhao, Huaide Xu, Mei Li","doi":"10.1007/s00425-025-04751-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00425-025-04751-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Through combined analysis of the transcriptomics and lipidomics of walnut, the possible molecular mechanism of lipid formation and accumulation in oil bodies was revealed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The formation and accumulation of lipids are critical determinants of nut quality, with walnut storing lipids primarily in oil bodies (OBs). Currently, there is still a lack of systematic research on the formation and accumulation of lipids in walnut OBs (WOBs). Therefore, this study integrated lipidomics and transcriptomics to comprehensively identify the changes in WOBs and walnut kernels at 60, 74, 88, 102, 116, and 130 days after pollination (DAP). The results showed that fatty acid content in walnut kernels and WOBs had opposite trends, especially oleic, linoleic, and linolenic. Principal component analysis of the samples and cluster analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) showed that the total samples were divided into three main groups: 60-74, 88-102, and 116-130 DAP. RNA sequencing generated 33,918 unigenes (14,995 DEGs), including 228 DEGs highly related to lipid metabolism, in 18 cDNA libraries prepared from walnut kernel. These genes were mainly involved in metabolic pathways such as pyruvate metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, glycerolipid metabolism, and fatty acid biosynthesis during lipid synthesis. On the other hand, the expression levels of ACC, KASII, SAD, FAD2, FAD3, and PDAT genes were downregulated at 88-130 DAP compared with 60-74 DAP, which might be the key genes regulating the reduction of free fatty acid content in WOBs. In addition, 21 FAD genes were identified, including seven SAD genes, three FAD2 genes, five FAD3 genes, one FAD5 gene, one FAD6 gene, and four FAD7/8 genes. These genes were closely related to the synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids in WOBs, especially FAD2 and FAD3. The findings offered valuable insights into the dynamic changes in lipids and genetic resources and provided a foundation for walnut quality improvement.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":"262 2","pages":"27"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144294797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Collinearity analysis and characterization of rhamnosyltransferases from Chrysanthemum morifolium, Mikania micrantha and Stevia rebaudiana.","authors":"Li Ding, Jiaping Huang, Jie Tang, Qingwen Wu, Peng Yang, Ruoting Zhan, Dongming Ma","doi":"10.1007/s00425-025-04742-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00425-025-04742-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Main conclusion: </strong>The amino acid at the N-terminal of rhamnosyltransferases is essential for their catalytic activity. The rhamnosyltransferases (RhaTs) genes involved in the biosynthesis of flavonoid rutinosides have been identified and characterized in Chrysanthemum plants, including C. indicum and C. nankingense. Nevertheless, whether the RhaTs are conserved in other genera, such as Mikania and Stevia, remains unclear. In this study, we employed genomic collinearity analysis to identify the conserved RhaT in M. micrantha, S. rebaudiana, and C. morifolium. The amino acid alignment of RhaT in the three species revealed a deletion of 54 or 56 amino acids in SrRhaT compared to MmRhaT or CmRhaT, respectively. This deletion is potentially attributable to the translation of naturally occurring shorter transcripts as demonstrated by 5' rapid amplification of cDNA ends cloning. SrRhaT did not display the substrate preference toward flavone and flavonol glucoside. In contrast, MmRhaT and CmRhaT exhibited the preference for flavone-7-O-glucoside. Further, the N-terminal-truncated protein of CmRhaT and MmRhaT (translation from the second start codon) resulted in the loss of catalytic function. These findings indicate that the amino acid at the N-terminal of rhamnosyltransferases is crucial for their catalytic activity or substrate preference. In addition, the high catalytic activity against quercetin-3-O-glucoside was confirmed by the transient expression of MmRhaT in N. benthamiana. The high expression level of MmRhaT in flowers was possibly associated with the high content of quercetin-3-O-rutinoside (rutin) detected in the flowers of M. micrantha. These findings contribute to our understanding of the flavonoid diversity observed in three different genera within the Asteraceae family.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":"262 2","pages":"24"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144286129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of a novel screening strategy of rice resistance breeding through phytoalexin content.","authors":"Ruyuan Wang, Xuesong Bie, Jingna Xiao, Shu Xu, Pirui Li, Xu Feng, Yu Chen","doi":"10.1007/s00425-025-04739-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00425-025-04739-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bacterial leaf blight caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae poses a significant threat to rice production worldwide. The identification of resistant varieties is crucial for the development of rice varieties that can withstand this disease. Currently, the identification of resistant varieties primarily relies on resistance genes. However, due to vertical resistance of resistance genes, varieties identified based on this criterion still encounter significant challenges. In this study, we collected eight major cultivated rice varieties in Jiangsu Province, China, along with two experimental varieties, ZH11 and NP. Employing Liquid Chromatograph-Mass Spectrometer (LC-MS), we quantified the accumulation levels of 5,10-diketo-casbene (DKC), a casbene-type diterpene phytoalexin, in these ten rice varieties following treatment with methyl jasmonate (MeJA). These results demonstrated that despite the exogenous application of MeJA, which is known to trigger the biosynthesis of DKC in both shoots and roots, the accumulation levels of this crucial diterpene phytoalexin varied significantly among the ten cultivars. In addition to assessing DKC levels, we also evaluated the resistance of the ten varieties to bacterial leaf blight. Our analysis revealed a positive correlation between DKC content and resistance to this devastating pathogen. To further investigate the molecular basis of this resistance, we selected NG9108 and MN1332 as representative varieties with the higher and weaker resistance to bacterial leaf blight, respectively, and then examined their transcriptional responses to MeJA treatment. By comparing the transcriptional profiles of these two contrasting varieties, we found that genes involved in the synthesis of other diterpene phytoalexins, such as CPS2 and CPS4, were markedly up-regulated in the NG9108 variety as compared to MN1332. The contrasting resistance to bacterial leaf blight between NG9108 and MN1332 can be attributed, at least in part, to their disparate capabilities in diterpene phytoalexin synthesis. In conclusion, our research not only highlighted the importance of phytoalexin synthesis in rice resistance but also offers a practical framework for utilizing phytoalexin content as a criterion in the screening process for rice resistance breeding in the face of escalating disease challenges.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":"262 2","pages":"25"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144286130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanofertilizers: smart solutions for sustainable agriculture and the global water crisis.","authors":"Abdelrahman R Ahmed, Heba I Mohamed","doi":"10.1007/s00425-025-04737-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00425-025-04737-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Main conclusion: </strong>Nanofertilizers can enhance the efficiency of water and nutrient use. This study will explore the potential benefits of nanofertilizers in the context of the global water crisis. Water is essential for all living things to support biodiversity, food security, human life, and societal progress. The world is experiencing a water crisis due to the increasing scarcity of freshwater supplies caused by climate change. Reports indicate that both conventional and unconventional methods are being employed to address the global water crisis. The use of natural resources is under stress because of the massive growth in the human population over the past few decades. To meet this need, chemical fertilizers are being used to enhance crop yields, but this has negative ecological consequences. Thus, the time has come to replace conventional farming methods with sensible ones that will boost food production and nutritional content without threatening our ecosystem. In this regard, achieving sustainability can be accomplished by applying innovative, cutting-edge technologies such as nanotechnology. Nanofertilizers (NFs) are among the most promising synthetic materials for sustaining agricultural yields through intelligent agrochemical release. Unlike the global water crisis, nanofertilizers possess unique properties that can enhance the efficiency of water use in cultivated crops, particularly under stressful conditions. This study offers a wealth of information about the direct and indirect characteristics of nanofertilizers and their potential impacts on the water crisis. In conclusion, there is a pressing need for more research on this significant global issue, especially considering the serious concerns surrounding climate change.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":"262 2","pages":"26"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144286131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deciphering melatonin biosynthesis pathway in Chenopodium quinoa: genome-wide analysis and expression levels of the genes under salt and drought.","authors":"Seher Yolcu, Ece Fidan, Muhammed Fatih Kaya, Emre Aksoy, Ismail Turkan","doi":"10.1007/s00425-025-04741-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00425-025-04741-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Main conclusion: </strong>In this study, we identified a total of ten melatonin biosynthesis genes (3 TDCs, 2 TSHs, 3 SNATs, and 2 ASMTs) in Chenopodium quinoa through bioinformatics methods, and analyzed physiological traits and gene expression levels in drought- and salt-treated plants with or without melatonin. Gene expression levels showed variations depending on tissues, genotypes, and abiotic stress. Melatonin is involved in distinct biological processes, such as growth, development, and stress response in plants. The tryptophan decarboxylase (TDC), tryptamine 5-hydroxylase (T5H), serotonin N-acetyltransferase (SNAT), and N-acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase (ASMT) enzymes are involved in melatonin biosynthesis. Exogenous melatonin reduces the adverse effects of salt stress in different plants, but the roles of melatonin biosynthesis pathway in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) remain elusive. This study aims to identify and characterize the melatonin biosynthetic genes encoding TDCs, T5Hs, SNATs, and ASMTs in C. quinoa genome through bioinformatics methods and determine their transcript abundances under salt and drought stress. In total, ten genes were identified in C. quinoa genome, including 3 TDCs, 2 TSHs, 3 SNATs, and 2 ASMTs. TDCs have a pyridoxal-dependent decarboxylase domain, T5Hs possess a cytochrome P450, SNAT proteins contain the Acetyltransf_1 domain, and ASMTs include the O-methyltransferase domain. We also examined some physiological characteristics such as growth and water relations along with electrolyte leakage. For that purpose, two quinoa genotypes (Salcedo and Ames 1377) were subjected to salt and drought stress, with or without melatonin. Exogenous melatonin remarkably reduced the negative effects of salt and drought on shoot length, RWC, and electrolyte leakage in the sensitive Salcedo genotype. However, it showed limited impact on the stress-tolerant Ames 1377 genotype. Expression patterns showed variations depending on tissues, genotypes, and the type of abiotic stress. Promoter analysis indicated that the cis-elements in TDC, T5H, and SNAT promoters were mostly associated with stress-response, while those in ASMT promoters were related to light response.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":"262 1","pages":"23"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12162789/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144275666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The ankyrin repeat-containing protein OsANK3 affects grain size and quality in rice.","authors":"Jinhui Zhao, Yi Xin, Weiwei Cui, Pengxi Li, Jia Su, Lina Zhao, Quanxiu Wang","doi":"10.1007/s00425-025-04734-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00425-025-04734-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Main conclusion: </strong>Mutation of OsANK3 increases grain length, grain weight, and chalkiness. OsANK3 influences grain size and quality by regulating genes involved in the cell cycle and starch metabolism. Grain size and endosperm starch content are key determinants of rice yield and quality. In this study, we investigated the function of OsANK3, a gene encoding ankyrin repeats, in regulating grain development traits. This gene was initially identified through mass spectrometry analysis as a potential upstream regulator of rice chalkiness in our previous screening. Using CRISPR/Cas9 technology, we generated OsANK3 knockout mutants (cr-osank3-2, cr-osank3-6, and cr-osank3-7) and found that OsANK3 is predominantly expressed in stems and leaves, with subcellular localization in the cytoplasm and plasma membrane. Disruption of OsANK3 increased plant height, grain length, grain weight, and chalkiness while reducing total starch content, amylose content (AC), and gel consistency (GC). Cytological analysis revealed that the elongated grains in cr-osank3 mutants resulted from enhanced cell proliferation and elongation in the outer lemma. qRT-PCR data demonstrated that OsANK3 regulates cell cycle-related genes, thereby influencing cell division and expansion. In addition, starch biosynthesis genes (OsGBSSI, OsAGPL1) were down-regulated in mutants, whereas starch hydrolase genes (OsAmy1 A, OsAmy3B) were up-regulated. Our findings demonstrate that OsANK3 knockout enhances grain size but compromises grain quality by altering cell dynamics and starch metabolism. This study elucidates the molecular role of OsANK3 in grain development and provides a valuable target for rice breeding programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":"262 1","pages":"21"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144258715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}