Planta最新文献

{"title":"Uncovering transgenerational phenotypic variation in Parthenium hysterophorus populations in Israel.","authors":"Sahar Malka, Assaf Distelfeld, Maor Matzrafi","doi":"10.1007/s00425-026-05105-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00425-026-05105-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Main conclusion: </strong>Invasive Parthenium hysterophorus achieves rapid colonization via phenological divergence and population-specific transgenerational plasticity, balancing maternal environmental effects with rigid developmental canalization to outperform native flora across diverse habitats. Parthenium hysterophorus L. is a highly aggressive invasive weed that has spread across more than 50 countries, causing severe agricultural, ecological, and public health problems. Understanding phenotypic variation among invasive populations is critical for predicting invasion dynamics and designing effective management strategies. This study investigated phenological variation and transgenerational plasticity among five P. hysterophorus populations in northern Israel over three years. We compared developmental traits (emergence, bolting, flowering, height, and biomass) between field-collected seeds and their progeny grown under controlled greenhouse conditions. Significant phenological differences were observed among the populations, with field populations exhibiting more uniform development. These disparities persisted through to final height and weight measurements. A detailed transgenerational analysis of two contrasting populations (Tirat Zvi and Ha'Hotrim) revealed population-specific patterns of developmental plasticity. The Tirat Zvi population, originating from an extremely arid environment and representing the earliest documented Israeli introduction, demonstrated significant transgenerational shifts in emergence timing and a 25% increase in biomass under controlled conditions, while maintaining conserved flowering timing. In contrast, the Ha'Hotrim population exhibited a limited transgenerational response, with significant changes only in bolting timing. These contrasting patterns suggest different adaptive strategies: environmental anticipation through maternal effects versus intrinsic developmental canalization. The pronounced phenological divergence among populations, despite their short geographic separation, supports the hypothesis of multiple independent introductions or rapid local adaptation, with important implications for managing this invasive species in diverse agricultural landscapes.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":"264 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13433396/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148670502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interaction between reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide in programmed cell death of Paeonia lactiflora seeds during cryopreservation.","authors":"Chen Dongyang, Ji Zhe, Huang Jiaqi, Yang Xiuyun, Ren Ruifen","doi":"10.1007/s00425-026-05098-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00425-026-05098-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Main conclusion: </strong>In PCD of Paeonia lactiflora seeds during cryopreservation, the nitrate reductase pathway is the critical path of ROS-induced nitric oxide (NO) biosynthesis. The AsA-GSH antioxidant cycle, catalase and superoxide dismutase, are the action sites of NO-mediated ROS regulation. Programmed cell death (PCD) is one of the main reasons affecting the changes in cell viability after cryopreservation. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) are key signaling molecules in PCD. However, the relationship between these two signaling molecules in the occurrence of PCD during plant cryopreservation remains unclear. Therefore, in this study, Paeonia lactiflora seeds with varying moisture contents were used as the material. This is based on the changes in seed viability, ROS, and NO before and after cryopreservation. The relationship between ROS and NO and their interaction mechanism during the occurrence of PCD in seed cryopreservation under the action of exogenous ROS and NO regulators are studies. The results showed that after cryopreservation, the viability with high-moisture-content seeds significantly decreased, and the contents of ROS and NO significantly increased. Conversely, the trend was the opposite for seeds with low moisture content. Correlation analysis indicated a significant correlation between seeds viability and the levels of hydroxyl radical (·OH), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), and NO during cryopreservation. Exogenous application of ROS and NO scavengers at optimal concentrations resulted in a significant reduction in the activities of caspase-3-like and caspase-9-like proteases. This also decreased the number of apoptotic and necrotic cells. Exogenous supplementation of H₂O₂ and NO carrier at optimal concentrations elicited opposing trends in two key PCD-related indicators, with the exception of caspase-9-like protease activity. Exogenous application of ROS scavengers at optimal concentrations led to a significant reduction in NO content, whereas exogenous H₂O₂ supplementation exerted an opposite effect on NO levels. Exogenous application of ROS modulators resulted in a consistent variation trend between nitrate reductase (NR) activity and endogenous NO content. Exogenous application of NO scavenger resulted in a marked elevation in ·OH generation and H₂O₂ content, while supplementation with NO carrier significantly decreased in both of these ROS species. Concurrently, the activity profiles of antioxidant enzymes, including ascorbic acid (AsA), glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), exhibited concordant variation trends with those of ·OH and H₂O₂. These results indicate that ROS and NO have an interactive relationship in the PCD occurrence of P. lactiflora seeds during cryopreservation.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":"264 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148664212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptive response to long-term high temperatures during the reproductive development in Arabidopsis thaliana.","authors":"Juan Francisco Sánchez López, Marie Štefková, Oussama Guennich, Fen Yang, Ales Pecinka, Hélène S Robert","doi":"10.1007/s00425-026-05108-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00425-026-05108-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Main conclusion: </strong>Flowering Arabidopsis plants adapt to long-term high temperature by shortening the flowering period and reducing their fertility. The study also demonstrated that the commonly used hot1-3 mutant is tetraploid. Increasing global temperatures and the rising frequency of heat waves pose a significant threat to plant reproduction. The reproductive phase is particularly sensitive to heat stress, yet the underlying mechanisms regulating thermotolerance during this stage remain insufficiently understood, despite significant advances in its understanding during vegetative growth. Heat stress responses are largely controlled by heat shock factors (HSFs) and their downstream targets, including heat shock proteins (HSPs). Among these, HSP101 is essential for acquired thermotolerance and recovery from stress, while HEAT SHOCK BINDING PROTEIN (HSBP) acts as a negative regulator of HSF activity, modulating the heat shock response. Here, we investigated the impact of elevated temperature regimes on the reproductive development of Arabidopsis thaliana, with a particular focus on pollen development and fertility. Our results show that heat stress negatively affects pollen development in a dose-dependent manner, leading to reduced reproductive success. We confirmed the critical role of HSP101 in reproductive thermotolerance using the hot1-3 mutant, deficient in HSP101. Furthermore, we provide evidence that the hot1-3 mutant is tetraploid. The origin of this event is unknown, but it is tempting to speculate that disruption of heat stress responses and interference with meiotic processes may lead to whole genome duplication. Overall, this study provides new insights into the regulation of plant reproductive development under heat stress and highlights the importance of HSP101 in maintaining fertility. These findings contribute to a better understanding of plant responses to rising temperatures and may inform strategies to enhance crop resilience under climate change.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":"264 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13428784/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148654150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drought alters jasmonate-dependent regulation of anther development in yellow lupin (Lupinus luteus L.).","authors":"Katarzyna Marciniak, Krzysztof Przedniczek, Jacek Kęsy, Andrzej Tretyn","doi":"10.1007/s00425-026-05107-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00425-026-05107-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Main conclusion: </strong>Drought reshapes phytohormone dynamics and gene expression linked to jasmonate-dependent regulation of anther development, leading to delayed anther dehiscence in yellow lupin (Lupinus luteus L.). Drought is a major factor limiting plant sexual reproduction and yield. Post-meiotic, late anther development involves a multistep dehiscence process leading to the opening of pollen chambers, and subsequent to degeneration of anther tissues (senescence). Effective coordination of these developmental phases is crucial for male fertility and depends on phytohormones, including jasmonates (JAs). Our morphological and histological analyses revealed that anthers of yellow lupin (Lupinus luteus L.) exposed to drought stress display a delayed dehiscence phenotype. The concentrations of jasmonic acid (JA) during individual developmental phases of stressed anthers were disrupted: JA levels were lower under drought during phases in which they were normally elevated under well-watered conditions, whereas they were higher during phases in which they typically declined. This imbalance correlated with JA localization in different cell types and was reflected in the expression of genes associated with phytohormone biosynthesis and perception. Transcriptomic analyses of JA-dependent interactions during specific phases of anther development identified differentially expressed genes involved in the metabolism and signaling of various phytohormones, including gibberellins (GAs), salicylic acid (SA), and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Moreover, drought stress altered the levels of selected phytohormones during anther dehiscence and senescence. All these findings improve our understanding of the hormonal and molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying late anther development under water deficit, contributing to breeding strategies for drought-resistant crops and the maintenance of high, stable yields.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":"264 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13428782/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148654161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dormancy dynamics in Japanese plum: transcriptomic responses to variable climatic conditions and chilling requirements.","authors":"Sara Herrera, José Ignacio Hormaza, Guillem Ylla, Javier Rodrigo, Jorge Lora","doi":"10.1007/s00425-026-05104-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00425-026-05104-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Main conclusion: </strong>Climate exerted a stronger influence than dormancy stage on gene expression in Japanese plum, revealing climate- and genotype-specific regulatory patterns underlying dormancy control and climate adaptation. Dormancy progression in temperate fruit trees is highly sensitive to environmental conditions and chilling accumulation. To investigate the regulation of dormancy in Japanese plum (Prunus salicina hybrids), we performed a comparative transcriptomic analysis of flower buds from two Japanese plum cultivars with different chilling requirements, \"Hiromi Red\" (high chill) and \"Crimson Glo\" (low chill), grown under contrasting climates (semi-arid and Mediterranean subtropical). This study combined phenological observations, quantification of chill and heat requirements, as well as transcriptomic analyses across three key developmental stages: full dormancy (T0), dormancy release (T1), and full recovery (T2). Climate exerted a stronger influence than dormancy stage on gene expression profiles, leading to cultivar- and climate-specific transcriptional responses. Key dormancy-related genes-such as DAM, FT, and SAP1- exhibited differential expression patterns across climates, suggesting potential roles in climatic adaptation. Notably, dormancy phases occurred approximately one month later under Mediterranean subtropical conditions, and were accompanied by a marked reduction in chilling requirements. Expression and phylogenetic analyses revealed that environmental conditions had a stronger effect on the transcriptomic profiles than the progression of dormancy itself, potentially due to epigenetic modulation. These findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying dormancy in woody perennial species and offer perspectives for developing cultivars better adapted to changing climatic scenarios.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":"264 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13428783/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148654130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Moving stamens, better pollination: a floral strategy in the red-leaf Japanese barberry in Qufu, China.","authors":"Ying Bao, Xiaoyu Yin, Yixing Li, Wen Guo, Yi Luo","doi":"10.1007/s00425-026-05113-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00425-026-05113-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Main conclusion: </strong>Berberis thunbergii 'Atropurpurea' dominates plant-ant interactions by touch-sensitive stamen movement, exploiting ants as mechanical actuators to repeatedly deliver pollen onto the stigma. Floral movements are an active and functionally diverse strategies that directly influence plant reproductive success, yet their specific roles in pollination across different plant species and environmental contexts remain underexplored. Here, we investigated the pollination process of red-leaf Japanese barberry (Berberis thunbergii 'Atropurpurea') in Qufu, China. We observed a sequence of active floral movements, including nectar presentation, staggered and prolonged dehiscence of pollen sacs both within a single anther and among different stamens, the lifting and forward unfolding of pollen sac valves, and a touch-sensitive response of the filaments. These movements facilitate self-pollination in the small shrub, with ants acting as mechanical agents that trigger filament flexion while foraging for nectar. Our findings demonstrate that plant pollination strategies are highly diverse and closely matched to both plant traits and environmental conditions. Moreover, they reveal that floral movements can serve as an active mechanism by which plants secure their own reproductive assurance.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":"264 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148649055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rubisco limits plant breeding: can biodiversity unlock it?","authors":"Pablo Luna-Rodriguez, Chaehee Lee, Grey Monroe","doi":"10.1007/s00425-026-05106-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00425-026-05106-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Main conclusion: </strong>Photosynthesis has been underestimated as a breeding target. A workflow that identifies or engineers superior Rubisco variants and introduces them into crops is urgently needed. Photosynthesis is the foundation of life on Earth, yet it remains inefficient in crop plants. At the heart of this lies Rubisco, the most abundant enzyme on Earth and the primary bottleneck in carbon fixation. Despite its central role in determining photosynthetic capacity and crop yield, efforts to improve it have been constrained by three persistent blind spots: an overreliance on model species, inadequate screening platforms, and the challenge of chloroplast transformation. This perspective argues that closing these gaps requires an integrated framework connecting structural biology, natural biodiversity, and synthetic approaches. Molecular dynamics simulations informed by high-resolution crystal structures offer a powerful entry point for identifying residues with the greatest predicted impact on CO₂/O₂ specificity and carboxylation turnover. These insights should then guide two complementary discovery strategies: directed engineering of novel substitutions, and biodiversity screening of plants adapted to extreme environments, where sustained selective pressure has shaped Rubisco variants absent in domesticated crops. Once promising variants are identified through either approach, they must be screened and validated in a biologically meaningful platform; cyanobacteria are emerging as a strong candidate, coupling Rubisco activity directly to growth under light-dark cycles in ways that E. coli, the current model for directed evolution, cannot replicate. Ultimately, without a robust method for modifying the chloroplast genome in crop species, even the most catalytically superior variant will remain confined to the laboratory. This framework advances Rubisco improvement from isolated engineering efforts toward a coherent path for developing photosynthetically-superior-crops with enhanced yields under a changing climate.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":"264 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148621184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional characterization of a novel flavonoid glycosyltransferase UGT89AD6 from Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge and mechanistic insights into its enzymatic O-glycosylation.","authors":"Qian Zhang, Qiongyu Ye, Guangli Li, Xiaoyun Wang, Yidu Chen, Zishu Dong, Qimeng Fan, Zhixin Li, Liangshan Ming, Hongning Liu, Jia Huang","doi":"10.1007/s00425-026-05109-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00425-026-05109-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Main conclusion: </strong>UGT89AD6 is a versatile O-glycosyltransferase with broad substrate and sugar donor promiscuity, offering a valuable biocatalyst for flavonoid glycoside synthesis. Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge, known as a famous monocotyledonous medicinal plant in China, contains a typically important secondary metabolite icariside I with various pharmacological activities. In A. asphodeloides, icariside I is derived from the O-glycosylation of icaritin. However, the O-glycosyltransferase from A. asphodeloides catalyzing the glycosylation of icaritin remains largely unidentified. Herein, a promiscuous O-glycosyltransferase UGT89AD6 from A. asphodeloides was successfully identified and characterized. It exhibited catalytic activity toward icaritin, thereby forming the glycosylated product icariside I. It also showed broad glycosylation activities toward other structurally diverse substrates, including eight other flavonoid compounds and an anthraquinone scaffold. Furthermore, it could accept four UDP-sugars as the donors; the preference order was UDP-Xyl > UDP-Glc > UDP-Rha > UDP-Ara. Structural analysis indicated that the broad O-glycosylation activities of UGT89AD6 could be linked to the unique spacious substrate binding pocket. Beyond this, the regioselectivity of UGT89AD6 might be shaped by hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen-bonding network, as well as shallow cavity of the binding pocket. This study contributes to the diversity of glycosyltransferases from monocotyledonous plants and provides a potential biocatalyst to synthesize high-value bioactive flavonoid glycosides.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":"264 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148621200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-omics dissection of metabolic pathways for differential flavonoid accumulation in Solanum pennellii and S. lycopersicum.","authors":"Xiao Su, Xuecheng Li, Yuting Li, Yan Wang, Tao Lin","doi":"10.1007/s00425-026-05101-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00425-026-05101-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Main conclusion: </strong>Our integrated multi-omics approach (transcriptomics, metabolomics, and mGWAS) indicated that differential expression of flavonoid biosynthesis genes may contribute to the differential flavonoid accumulation between wild and cultivated tomatoes. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is a globally important vegetable crop and a foundational model for studying fruit development and metabolic regulation. Differential accumulation of metabolites such as flavonoids in wild and cultivated tomato fruits contributes to the differences in fruit flavor and nutritional quality. However, the loci and candidate genes regulating this accumulation remain largely unknown. To identify these loci and candidate genes, we performed integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling of the cultivated tomato S. lycopersicum and wild tomato S. pennellii at the breaker and ripe stages. Comparative transcriptomics showed that differentially expressed genes between the two accessions were significantly enriched in biological processes such as glycosyl transfer. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis further highlighted the central role of flavonoid biosynthesis during fruit ripening. By constructing a co-expression network, we identified gene modules significantly correlated with the accumulation of flavonoid metabolites. A metabolite-based genome-wide association study (mGWAS) using an introgression line population mapped 21 genetic loci associated with flavonoid content. Multi-omics data integration suggested UGT73C4 as one of several possible candidate genes for naringin accumulation. Finally, a genome-wide evolutionary analysis of the UGT gene family across 27 Solanaceae species provided phylogenetic context for functional classification. The overall purpose of this multi-omics integration was to systematically characterize the flavonoid metabolic network in tomato and to prioritize UGT73C4 as a candidate gene potentially associated with naringin accumulation. Our findings contribute to the understanding of metabolic diversity and provide candidate genetic resources and a preliminary theoretical framework for targeted quality improvement in tomato breeding.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":"264 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148606411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishment of an efficient Agrobacterium-mediated transformation system and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing of the OvPDS1 gene in Oxalis vulcanicola 'Sunset Velvet'.","authors":"Wanli Tuo, Xuexuan Wang, Tong Wu, Shentao Zhang, Pingting Guo, Xinyun Lin, Qianyu Lin, Junwen Zhai, Shasha Wu","doi":"10.1007/s00425-026-05090-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00425-026-05090-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Main conclusion: </strong>This study overcomes a key technical barrier by establishing transformation and enabling first CRISPR/Cas9 editing in Oxalis, providing a platform for functional genomics and breeding. The lack of an efficient genetic transformation system has considerably hindered functional genomics studies in Oxalis vulcanicola 'Sunset Velvet'. Here, we established a stable and efficient Agrobacterium-mediated transformation system using stem segments as explants. Key parameters, including pre-culture duration, infection time, Agrobacterium cell density, acetosyringone (AS) concentration, and co-cultivation period, were systematically optimized. Under optimal conditions, the highest transient β-glucuronidase (GUS) expression rate reached approximately 9.0%, and eight stable transgenic lines were successfully obtained. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing was achieved in Oxalis for the first time. Targeted mutagenesis of OvPDS1, a gene involved in carotenoid biosynthesis, resulted in an albino phenotype, and Sanger sequencing confirmed a base substitution at the target site. Although the editing efficiency was relatively low (0.5%), this result demonstrates the feasibility of genome editing in Oxalis. This study overcomes a major technical bottleneck and provides a robust platform for functional gene analysis, trait improvement, and molecular breeding in O. vulcanicola 'Sunset Velvet' and other non-model ornamental plants.</p>","PeriodicalId":20177,"journal":{"name":"Planta","volume":"264 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148606438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}