Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications最新文献

{"title":"Cellular automaton model for the analysis of design and plan of bus station in the mixed traffic environment","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.physa.2024.130106","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physa.2024.130106","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the quick development of Connected Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs), CAVs would gradually become an important part of urban traffic. Hence, the impacts of CAVs on urban traffic should be further explored. This study aims to analyze the mixed traffic comprising CAVs and human-driven vehicles (HDVs) in different urban scenarios in which different bus station types (i.e., roadside and bay bus stations) and capacities are considered. To do this analysis, this study proposes a cellular automaton model which simulates car following behaviours of vehicles using a two-state safe speed model, and designs specific modeling rules for lane-changing behaviours and vehicle behaviours near bus stations with consideration of the differences between CAVs and HDVs. The analysis results indicate that the impacts of various bus station types and capacities on the mixed traffic flow vary with traffic volumes, while increasing the CAV penetration rate can reduce the traffic congestion caused by bus stop-and-go. Furthermore, the study explores the optimal number of bus routes for different types of bus stations in different urban traffic scenarios, and several possible policy implications have been given according to the analysis results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20152,"journal":{"name":"Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142320242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of uncertain anomalous information on traffic flow of automated vehicles with V2V communication","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.physa.2024.130107","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physa.2024.130107","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Automated vehicles (AVs) equipped with vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication can operate by sensing real-time status information through onboard sensors and wireless connections. Nevertheless, under the influence of multifarious random factors in real traffic, this critical information that support the normal movement of such vehicles may be anomalous, raising concerns on their mobility and traffic security. Due to the lack of appropriate analytical model, previous studies have not comprehensively uncovered the effects of uncertain anomalous information on traffic flow of AVs with V2V communication. Therefore, this study aims to bridge this critical gap. Firstly, by introducing a probabilistic parameter (i.e., information anomaly probability), we propose a general model that integrates the normal and compromised models, thereby capturing the longitudinal dynamics of AVs featuring V2V communication in the presence of uncertain anomalous information. To enable the detailed theoretical and experimental analyses, we specify it through the cooperative adaptive cruise control model calibrated with real-car data. Subsequently, we define the concept of pseudo string stability and parameterize the stability condition based on the characteristic equation method, so as to demonstrate the relationship between traffic flow stability and the parameters and probability of information anomaly. Finally, we refine the proposed probabilistic model and conduct extensive numerical experiments. The findings show that uncertain anomalous information could result in sudden or even frequent acceleration and deceleration of AVs, causing traffic oscillation, reduced traffic efficiency, and even collision accidents. In particular, the greater the information anomaly probability, the larger the disturbances experienced by traffic flow. Meanwhile, at the same level of anomaly, the combined impacts of various anomalous information could lead to more severe consequences than the singular impact of any individual anomalous information. Furthermore, the duration of anomalous information directly affects the time it takes for traffic flow to return to normal.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20152,"journal":{"name":"Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142323687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assortativity in sympatric speciation and species classification","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.physa.2024.130111","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physa.2024.130111","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We investigate the role of assortative mating in speciation using the sympatric model of Derrida and Higgs. The model explores the idea that genetic differences create incompatibilities between individuals, preventing mating if the number of such differences is too large. Speciation, however, only happens in this mating system if the number of genes is large. Here we show that speciation with small genome sizes can occur if assortative mating is introduced. In our model individuals are represented by three chromosomes: one responsible for reproductive compatibility, one for coding the trait on which assortativity will operate, and a neutral chromosome. Reproduction is possible if individuals are genetically similar with respect to the first chromosome, but among these compatible mating partners, the one with the most similar trait coded by the second chromosome is selected. We show that this type of assortativity facilitates speciation, which can happen with a small number of genes in the first chromosome. Species, classified according to reproductive isolation, dictated by the first chromosome, can display different traits values, as measured by the second and the third chromosomes. Therefore, species can also be identified based on similarity of the neutral trait, which works as a proxy for reproductive isolation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20152,"journal":{"name":"Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142316266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emissions-reduction strategy for connected autonomous vehicles on mixed traffic freeways","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.physa.2024.130113","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physa.2024.130113","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Acceleration and deceleration behaviors negatively affect car-following dynamics of vehicles on freeways, leading to traffic oscillations, thus increasing transportation emissions. The emergence of connected autonomous vehicles (CAVs) offers a potential to mitigate these effects. This paper aims to propose a car-following strategy for CAVs to reduce transportation emissions on mixed traffic freeways. Firstly, we adopted the calibrated Gipps model to characterize car-following behaviors of human-driven vehicles (HDVs). Based on this, we proposed a car-following strategy for CAVs designed to mitigate traffic oscillations and reduce transportation emissions. Subsequently, we introduced a simulation framework for analyzing transportation emissions. Finally, considering foggy weather as a practical application, we validated the effectiveness of our proposed CAV car-following strategy, by evaluating transportation emissions under different conditions, including three emission categories, varying CAV market presentation rates (MPRs), two foggy levels, and four speed limits. The results show a close correlation between transportation emissions and traffic oscillations, indicating that increased oscillations result in higher emissions. The proposed CAV strategy demonstrates significant efficacy in mitigating traffic oscillations and reducing transportation emissions in foggy weather. As the MPR of CAVs equipped with our strategy increases, transportation emissions decrease gradually. Specifically, at an MPR of 1, the average reductions in CO, HC, and NO_x emissions reach 16.99 %, 11.65 %, and 20.82 %, respectively. Following findings from our analysis, recommended insights are provided for speed limit strategy and CAV dedicated lane management for mixed traffic on foggy freeways, from the perspective of reducing emissions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20152,"journal":{"name":"Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142316267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flux-quench induced dynamical quantum phase transitions in an extended XY spin-chain","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.physa.2024.130110","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physa.2024.130110","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dynamical quantum phase transitions (DQPTs) induced by flux-quench in an extended transversed XY spin-chain have been investigated in this paper. We discussed the conditions for the appearance of DQPTs, and the different regions of the flux quench restricted by strength of transverse field were given. The Loschmidt echo, rate function, geometric phase, as well as dynamical topological order parameter (DTOP) have been calculated, which consistently verified the emergence of DQPTs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20152,"journal":{"name":"Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142310248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Controllability of higher-order networks","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.physa.2024.130108","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physa.2024.130108","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Higher-order networks can comprehensively describe interactions among groups, thus emerging as a novel area of exploration in network science. This paper aims to delve into the controllability of higher-order networks, where the network topology is characterized by higher-order interactions and the nodes are higher-dimensional dynamical systems. The collective effects on the network controllability from the dynamics of higher-order interactions, node dynamics, inner interactions, and external control inputs are extensively explored. By applying matrix theory and control theory, some necessary and/or sufficient conditions are developed to determine the controllability of hypergraph networks and simplicial complex networks. Through simulated examples, it becomes evident that the controllability of higher-order networked system is far more complicated than that of traditional networked systems and the higher-order topological structures facilitate the controllability. Remarkably, the integrated network can achieve controllability even when the corresponding traditional network is uncontrollable by external inputs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20152,"journal":{"name":"Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142270996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel extended social force model for studying the impact of the heterogeneity of pedestrian physical fitness on emergency evacuation efficiency","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.physa.2024.130101","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physa.2024.130101","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Emergencies in public places, particularly confined crowded areas, will disrupt the stability of dense crowds and consequently lead to accidents. To promote public emergency safety, there is a pressing need for efficient modeling methods to investigate the evacuation mechanism in these places and improve the social public safety. This study proposes a Physical Fitness Heterogeneity based Social Force Model (PFH-SFM) that takes into account the heterogeneous desired evacuation velocity caused by the heterogeneity of pedestrian physical fitness, by means of developing the normalized desired velocity ratio. Then, we use PFH-SFM to investigate the relationships between the escape rate and the desired velocity, and between the evacuation duration and the desired velocity in terms of various group sizes with heterogeneous physical fitness, the relationship between the percentage of reduction in evacuation duration and desired velocity when including weak pedestrians, the pedestrian distribution in the evacuation process, the relationship between the total evacuation duration and the desired velocity in terms of various proportions of weak pedestrians and the relationship between the evacuation duration and the desired velocity in terms of various normalized starting and ending velocity ratios by considering various group sizes, respectively. The findings of this study show that the existence of a certain small proportion of pedestrians with weak physical fitness can promote global evacuation dynamics, especially in the case of high crowded density, and can reduce evacuation duration by up to 20% in our experiments. Additionally, when the percentage of pedestrians with weak physical fitness is relatively high, they tend to have a detrimental effect on the evacuation efficiency. Furthermore, there exists a moderate normalized desired starting velocity ratio that maximizes the overall evacuation efficiency; on the other hand, the lower the normalized desired ending velocity ratio is, the more efficient the evacuation is. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first time to introduce the concepts of normalized desired starting and ending velocity ratios and innovatively analyzes the impact of the continuously changing desired velocity of pedestrians on the evacuation efficiency in multi-exit scenarios. The results offer valuable insights for relevant stakeholders to formulate effective evacuation plans, so as to enhance urban emergency capacity and minimize social and economic losses.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20152,"journal":{"name":"Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142253900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agent-Based simulation reveals localized isolation key to saving lives and resources","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.physa.2024.130097","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physa.2024.130097","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the realm of pandemic dynamics, understanding the intricate interplay between disease transmission, interventions, and immunity is pivotal for effective control strategies. Through a rigorous agent-based computer simulation, we embarked on a comprehensive exploration, traversing unmitigated spread, lockdown scenarios, and the transformative potential of vaccination. we unveil that while quarantine unquestionably delays the pandemic peak, it does not act as an impenetrable barrier to halt the progression of infectious diseases. Vaccination factor revealed a potent weapon against outbreaks — higher vaccination percentage not only delayed infection peaks but also substantially curtailed their impact. Our investigation into bond dilution below the percolation threshold presents an additional dimension to pandemic control. We observed that localized isolation through bond dilution offers a more resource-efficient targeted control strategy than blanket lockdowns or large-scale vaccination campaigns.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20152,"journal":{"name":"Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142239048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stylized facts of metaverse non-fungible tokens","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.physa.2024.130103","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physa.2024.130103","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) within the metaverse represent a rapidly emerging sector in the digital asset space. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the metaverse’s history and an analysis of the stylized facts of five metaverse NFTs: Axie Infinity, Decentraland, Enjin Coin, Theta Network, and The Sandbox. We examine market efficiency, volatility clustering, leverage effects, and the return-volume relationship. Our key findings show that all NFT returns exhibit kurtosis values significantly exceeding the standard value of three, indicating more peaked and heavier-tailed distributions than a normal distribution. Autocorrelation analysis reveals statistically insignificant results, suggesting minimal influence of past returns on current returns. The Hurst exponent fluctuates between 0.3 and 0.8, indicating relative inefficiency in log returns with varying degrees of trend reinforcement and anti-persistence. The GARCH(1,1) model confirms the presence of volatility clustering, with high persistence of volatility shocks over time, and most NFT returns exhibit a negative leverage effect, where negative returns decrease volatility. These findings provide critical insights for investors, content creators, and policymakers, emphasizing the need for innovative strategies and regulatory considerations in this evolving ecosystem. A comparative analysis using alternative metaverse-related assets from Bloomberg and Yield Guild Games enhances the robustness of our findings, enriching the academic discourse on digital assets and laying the groundwork for future research in metaverse NFTs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20152,"journal":{"name":"Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142239050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resilience-based restoration sequence optimization for vulnerable metro stations with limited budget: A case study of Beijing, China","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.physa.2024.130102","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physa.2024.130102","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Urban rail transit networks are essential components of urban transportation systems, but they are vulnerable to disruptions that can severely affect passenger mobility and network efficiency. Traditional methods for determining restoration sequences often rely on experiences or importance-based approaches, lacking precision in identifying critical vulnerable station combinations and struggling to find optimal restoration sequences under limited budgets. This paper introduces a three-level model framework aimed at addressing these issues. The middle and lower levels jointly identify the most vulnerable station combinations, while the upper level optimizes the restoration sequence by taking into account budget constraints and changes in resilience metric throughout the restoring period. The effectiveness of the proposed model was validated using four subway lines in Beijing, China. Results demonstrate that the model can effectively identify critical vulnerable station combinations. Additionally, the resilience-based restoration strategy effectively determines the optimal recovery plan for damaged stations under limited budgets, outperforming traditional restoration strategies based on complex networks and offering strong extensibility.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20152,"journal":{"name":"Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142239051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}