Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications最新文献

{"title":"Enhanced social force model for non-motorized vehicle flow: predictive decision-making and spatio-temporal repulsion mechanism","authors":"Weibin Zhang,&nbsp;Jingjin Li,&nbsp;Long Wang,&nbsp;Qi Wang,&nbsp;Xingran Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.physa.2026.131420","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physa.2026.131420","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Non-motorized vehicles account for a growing share of urban travel, and interactions in non-motorized lanes are increasingly complex. Most microscopic models, such as the social force model, rely on instantaneous distances and thus fail to capture anticipatory decision-making and time-dependent interactions, limiting their ability to reproduce proactive behaviors observed in real traffic. To address these shortcomings, this study proposes an enhanced social force model for non-motorized vehicles to simulate their complex interactive behaviors on real road segments, encompassing four primary behaviors: free movement, overtaking, avoiding, and following. The model incorporates a predictive mechanism based on current speed and position, enabling individuals to autonomously decide subsequent actions based on future states. It also refines the traditional repulsive force calculation by integrating contact duration between non-motorized vehicles into the force expression. By combining this with techniques such as altering the direction of the driving force, the model enables proactive overtaking of slower vehicles ahead and early avoidance of wrong-way traffic, making the non-motorized cycling process more closely resemble real-world dynamic changes. The improved model was validated using real-world data collected in Nanjing, China. The results demonstrate that this model can accurately reproduce the actual movement characteristics of non-motorized vehicles. It also reduces potential conflicts in non-motorized vehicle lanes, enhances lane flow efficiency, and exhibits higher simulation accuracy compared to the original social force model.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20152,"journal":{"name":"Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications","volume":"688 ","pages":"Article 131420"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147386953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Delay-aware information flow topology design for mixed traffic stability: A unified analysis framework with communication constraints","authors":"Xinrui Wang ,&nbsp;Panpan Yang ,&nbsp;Maode Yan ,&nbsp;Chunliang Wu ,&nbsp;Rui Teixeira ,&nbsp;Beatriz Martinez-Pastor","doi":"10.1016/j.physa.2026.131400","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physa.2026.131400","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The stability of mixed traffic composed of connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) and human-driven vehicles (HDVs) is fundamentally limited by communication imperfections such as delay and packet loss. Although various aspects of mixed traffic control have been studied, prior work typically considers information flow topology, platoon organization, and communication delay in isolation, leaving their combined effects insufficiently understood. To address this gap, we propose a unified analytical framework that explicitly links these factors to mixed traffic string stability. The framework decomposes traffic flow into three probabilistic subsystems: independent HDVs, independent CAVs, and mixed platoons. The interactions are governed by three representative information flow topologies: Predecessor Following (PF), Multi-Predecessor Following (MPF), and Multi-Successor Leading (MSL). Closed-form transfer functions are derived to quantify head-to-tail stability margins under heterogeneous vehicle dynamics and finite communication delays. Analytical derivations and large-scale simulations reveal distinct performance regimes: (i) Under low delay conditions, MSL achieves superior stability relative to PF; (ii) Beyond this threshold, MSL experiences abrupt performance collapse due to actuator saturation and backward information amplification; and (iii) MPF maintains smoother degradation, offering better robustness at moderate and high delays. Additional analyses on non-uniform CAV distributions, platoon size, and stochastic link failures confirm the generality of these trade offs. The results establish fundamental delay-dependent boundaries for mixed traffic control and provide actionable design guidelines for topology selection and platoon management under realistic communication constraints.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20152,"journal":{"name":"Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications","volume":"688 ","pages":"Article 131400"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147386954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study on pushing propagation in a dynamic Pedestrian Queue","authors":"Yushan Song ,&nbsp;Haiyang Huang ,&nbsp;Liangchang Shen ,&nbsp;Jiayue Wang ,&nbsp;Wenguo Weng","doi":"10.1016/j.physa.2026.131408","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physa.2026.131408","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>“Crowd shockwave” is a hallmark of high-density crowd disasters, yet its triggering and propagation mechanism in dense crowd dynamics remains insufficiently understood. This study extended small-scale pushing experiments from static to dynamic pedestrian queues to investigate whether and how movement parameters modulate forward propagation. In a controlled five-person queue, synchronized kinematic–mechanical data were collected using optical mocap system and flexible pressure-mapping clothing. At an interpersonal distance of 20 cm, a critical peak-force threshold of about 100 N is identified for forward propagation, with no material differences across movement states. Propagation speed is found as a function of the initial impulse, but both intercept and slope depend on movement. A unified propagation-speed equation is proposed and validated with forward-walking data. The findings deepen the understanding of crowd shockwaves, provide empirically grounded parameters for the optimization and validation of crowd models, and provides support for risk assessment and safety management in high-density crowds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20152,"journal":{"name":"Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications","volume":"688 ","pages":"Article 131408"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147386964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting network topology from empirical evolution rules: A case study in email networks","authors":"Rui-Jie Wu ,&nbsp;Bin Lin ,&nbsp;Fanshu Fang ,&nbsp;Yi-Xiu Kong ,&nbsp;Gui-Yuan Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.physa.2026.131437","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physa.2026.131437","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding how macroscopic structures in complex systems emerge from microscopic rules remains a central challenge. Traditional approaches often rely on heuristic models rather than empirically-grounded mechanisms. This study establishes a closed-loop paradigm connecting data-driven mechanism discovery, mathematical modeling, and theoretical prediction. Through analysis of a temporal email network, we identify two precise microscopic rules: new connections form via linear preferential attachment with a constant baseline, while existing connections dissolve uniformly. We encode these empirical rules into a stochastic model and analytically derive the steady-state degree distribution. The theoretical prediction exhibits quantitative agreement with empirical observations, validating that the complex network topology directly emerges from the simple, measured dynamics. This work demonstrates a generalizable methodology for bridging microscopic behaviors and macroscopic organization in evolving systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20152,"journal":{"name":"Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications","volume":"688 ","pages":"Article 131437"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147387070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TripRank: A centrality metric based on dynamic competition of geometric–topological structures for influential nodes identification","authors":"Xi Ning,&nbsp;Jie Zhang,&nbsp;Meigen Huang,&nbsp;Tao Wang,&nbsp;Boquan Zhang,&nbsp;Bangrong Ruan,&nbsp;Yonglin Lei","doi":"10.1016/j.physa.2026.131416","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physa.2026.131416","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Identifying influential nodes is fundamental for understanding network robustness and controlling spreading dynamics. Existing centrality metrics often rely on static, linear combinations of local and global indicators, failing to capture the complex, non-linear interplay between geometric cohesion and topological connectivity. To address this, we propose TripRank, a centrality metric that models node influence by simulating a dynamic competition between geometric factors and topological features. Instead of static aggregation, TripRank evolves these structural terms via a differential equation until the system converges to a steady-state ranking. We provide a rigorous theoretical proof that TripRank admits a unique steady-state solution under mild damping conditions. Extensive experiments on 3 synthetic and 9 real-world networks demonstrate that TripRank consistently outperforms baseline metrics in both network dismantling and SIR spreading experiments. Furthermore, we reveal an intrinsic exponential scaling law between the optimal competition parameter and the Gini coefficient of triangle distribution, establishing TripRank as a parameter-adaptive framework.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20152,"journal":{"name":"Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications","volume":"688 ","pages":"Article 131416"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147387076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adiabatic elimination in relativistic stochastic mechanics","authors":"Tao Wang ,&nbsp;Yu Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.physa.2026.131404","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physa.2026.131404","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We investigate the adiabatic elimination of fast variables in relativistic stochastic mechanics, which is analyzed by using the equation of motion and the distribution function, with relativistic corrections explicitly derived. A new dimensionless parameter is introduced to characterize the timescale. The adiabatic elimination is compared with the path integral coarse graining, which is more general yet computationally demanding.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20152,"journal":{"name":"Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications","volume":"688 ","pages":"Article 131404"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147386955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Topological resilience of quantum coherence in Erdős–Rényi random graphs under edge dilution","authors":"Wenting Pan,&nbsp;Hui Liu,&nbsp;Kun Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.physa.2026.131414","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physa.2026.131414","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Quantum coherence in many-body systems is typically fragile under structural disorder. While <span><math><mi>k</mi></math></span>-regular random graphs have been proposed as robust substrates due to their symmetry, they are vulnerable to edge deletion, which breaks resonance and triggers localization. Here, we investigate an alternative: Erdős–Rényi random graphs, which lack local regularity but exhibit strong statistical homogeneity. Using numerical simulations on systems of <span><math><mrow><mi>n</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>400</mn></mrow></math></span> qubits, we study the evolution of the principal eigenstate under progressive random edge removal. By constructing ensemble-averaged density matrices, we find that ER-based networks maintain high state purity (<span><math><mrow><mi>Tr</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><msup><mrow><mi>ρ</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup><mo>)</mo></mrow><mo>&gt;</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>95</mn></mrow></math></span>) even when only <span><math><mrow><mo>∼</mo><mn>40</mn><mtext>%</mtext></mrow></math></span> of the original edges remain. In the low-connectivity regime, ER graphs outperform <span><math><mi>k</mi></math></span>-regular counterparts with matched average degree. This enhanced robustness arises not from symmetry, but from intrinsic spectral properties of random graphs—specifically, eigenvalue separation, eigenvector delocalization, and expander-like connectivity. The results suggest that statistical connectivity, rather than engineered regularity, can serve as a resource for fault-tolerant quantum state transport in disordered systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20152,"journal":{"name":"Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications","volume":"688 ","pages":"Article 131414"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147387034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of mobile phone usage behavior on pedestrian dynamics: An experimental study on single-file flow","authors":"Zuoan Hu ,&nbsp;Fei Zhu ,&nbsp;Zhiqi Gou ,&nbsp;Jun Du ,&nbsp;Tian Zeng ,&nbsp;Yidong Wei ,&nbsp;Yi Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.physa.2026.131419","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physa.2026.131419","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the increasing prevalence of smartphones, pedestrians looking down at their mobile phones while walking has become increasingly common. This behavior not only affects individuals’ normal walking performance but also interferes with the movement of surrounding pedestrians, increasing the risks of congestion and collisions and posing potential threats to pedestrian traffic safety. Therefore, investigating pedestrian movement characteristics under mobile phone distraction is of significant importance. Under controlled experimental conditions, this study adopts texting as a representative distraction behavior and designs a series of single-file flow experiments with different texting proportions. Head and foot trajectory data are extracted to quantitatively analyze the effects of distraction proportion on pedestrians’ overall walking speed, flow rate, and dynamic characteristics, including step length, step frequency, step duration, and synchronized motion. The results show that as the proportion of texting pedestrians increases, the stop-and-go patterns in the time-space diagrams become more pronounced, with longer pause durations. Meanwhile, pedestrians’ free speed and maximum flow rate consistently decrease, leading to a reduction in overall flow efficiency. Similarly, free step length and free step frequency decrease with higher distraction proportions, whereas free step duration increases, indicating a slower collective walking rhythm. Regarding movement synchronization, texting behavior markedly weakens the emergence of synchronized motion. The results obtained in this study provide experimental data support for the parameterization and validation of pedestrian simulation models incorporating distraction effects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20152,"journal":{"name":"Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications","volume":"688 ","pages":"Article 131419"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147386966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the Annals of Joseon Dynasty: Careers of bureaucrats, system of governance, and stability","authors":"Donghyeok Choi ,&nbsp;Javier Cha ,&nbsp;Juyong M. Park","doi":"10.1016/j.physa.2026.131353","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physa.2026.131353","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Can one characterize the long-term <em>modus operandi</em> of a complex historical social system that has lasted several centuries? The primary obstacle would be the availability of data with sufficient richness and scale collected using a consistent methodology. Even if a system of an official, authoritative, and consistent record keeping had existed during the historical regime’s existence, a complete preservation of the records after many centuries of historical turbulences, either man-made or natural, up until the present day would be exceptionally challenging. If such data were to survive, however, recent rapid developments in our ability in data archival, retrieval, and statistical analysis could open up new avenues for understanding the workings of those historical social systems, enabling us to gain fresh perspectives on long-standing questions of how they evolved and how they ultimately ceased to exist. The historical Korean kingdom of Joseon is a rare such case, having maintained a consistent record-keeping system throughout its five-centuries of existence. Since its bureaucratic administration was the primary mechanism through which the dynasty maintained its remarkable stability, we analyze the career trajectories of its officials using two comprehensive government records: The Annals of the Joseon Dynasty that details the kingdom’s affairs, and the Bangmok that contains the personnel information on the bureaucrats who passed the civil service examination, the fundamental gateway into a career in governance. Our primary finding from the analysis of the career trajectories of <span><math><mrow><mn>14</mn><mspace></mspace><mn>638</mn></mrow></math></span> bureaucrats is that Joseon’s system maintained a stable behavioral pattern for four centuries represented by a characteristic Gini coefficient of 0.52 of Total Success Index (TSI) of the bureaucrats, then the stability disappeared in the 19th century as it rapidly increased to 0.78, signifying a significantly elevated level of inequality. We also find that it coincided with a 2.02-fold increase in the representation of powerful clans (Sedoga) within Joseon’s bureaucracy. These findings provide a quantitative indication of the systemic corruption in Joseon’s long-lasting meritocratic system that preceded the dynasty’s demise shortly after.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20152,"journal":{"name":"Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications","volume":"688 ","pages":"Article 131353"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147387074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acetylcholine optimizes sensory coding by tuning criticality in a clustered neural network","authors":"Fan Wang ,&nbsp;Chun-Wang Su ,&nbsp;You-Jun Li ,&nbsp;Qing-Jian Chen ,&nbsp;Run-Chen Lai ,&nbsp;Menghua Man ,&nbsp;Junjie Jiang ,&nbsp;Sheng-Jun Wang ,&nbsp;Celso Grebogi ,&nbsp;Zi-Gang Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.physa.2026.131307","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physa.2026.131307","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the principles governing efficient information processing in biological neural systems requires the identification of mechanisms for the flexible integration of external sensory signals and internal spontaneous activity. Neural systems operating near criticality exhibit optimized sensitivity and reliability in processing sensory signals. We hypothesize acetylcholine (ACh), a key neuromodulator, controls the sensory speed in neural systems by modulating critical dynamics. Using a computational model based on an ACh-modulated clustered network, our simulations reveal a U-shaped relationship between ACh concentration and sensory response latency, with the fastest responses occurring near a phase transition. At this critical point, the model exhibits intermittent bursts of cluster activity characterized by irregular periods. This critical dynamics allows the network to flexibly and simultaneously combine different cluster activities, facilitating the classification of diverse sensory inputs. Basing on network theory and statistical analysis, we propose that ACh maintains neural criticality by balancing synchronization and stability. This work presents a theory connecting neuromodulation to critical dynamics, with implications for perception and the development of efficient brain-inspired computing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20152,"journal":{"name":"Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications","volume":"688 ","pages":"Article 131307"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147387075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}