XY-Ashkin–Teller phase diagram in d=3

Abstract

The phase diagram of the Ashkin-Tellerized XY model in spatial dimension $d=3$ is calculated by renormalization-group theory. In this system, each site has two spins, each spin being an XY spin, that is having orientation continuously varying in $2\pi$ radians. Nearest-neighbor sites are coupled by two-spin and four-spin interactions. The phase diagram has ordered phases that are ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic in each of the spins, and phases that are ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic in the multiplicative spin variable. The phase diagram distinctively exhibits a pair of symmetrically situated direct bifurcation points and a pair of symmetrically situated reverse bifurcation points of the phase boundaries. The renormalization-group flows are in terms of the doubly composite Fourier coefficients of the exponentiated energy of nearest-neighbor spins.