{"title":"Speech and Language in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders","authors":"Pattalada Chaturavitwong","doi":"10.33192/simedbull.v15i4.256480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33192/simedbull.v15i4.256480","url":null,"abstract":"Language and speech difficulties are prevalent in children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). According to studies, more than half of children with autism are unable to communicate by speech. For those children with autism who can develop spoken language, language proficiency is sometimes delayed. This may cause children with ASD to find it very challenging to function in society. Apart from making it difficult for autistic children to function in society, Caregivers and others who live with children with ASD in society have challenges as well. Although factors affecting a child's development depend on several factors, such as the speed at which the diagnosis is made, regular speech and language simulation training, and the child's intelligence level. Children with ASD, on the other hand, require early screening and diagnosis, as well as counselling to parents, to develop their abilities to their full potential. It is critical for children with ASD to develop their abilities to their maximum potential in order to make a long-term good impact on their life. The purpose of this article is to review what is known about speech and language development in children with ASD, as well as how to correctly stimulate speech and language among them to be utilized for diagnosis, advising, and further early interventions program for children with ASD.","PeriodicalId":201356,"journal":{"name":"Siriraj Medical Bulletin","volume":"108 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124177180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Watchara Sudachom, Anchalee Kongsomchom, S. Thanapipatsiri, Hathairut Sappasuk
{"title":"Incentive Spirometry and Deep Breathing Exercise for Improving Respiratory Volume in Preoperative Spine Surgery Patients","authors":"Watchara Sudachom, Anchalee Kongsomchom, S. Thanapipatsiri, Hathairut Sappasuk","doi":"10.33192/smb.v16i1.259101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33192/smb.v16i1.259101","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To investigate the effects of incentive spirometry and deep breathing exercises on forced vital capacity (FVC) and chest expansion in preoperative spine surgery patients.\u0000Material & Methods: Fifty-eight patients who were scheduled for spine surgery were recruited from December 2016 to January 2019. Twenty-eight and 30 patients were scheduled for cervical and thoracic/lumbar spine surgery, respectively. All patients were informed of the study protocol, evaluated by a physical therapist, and provided with respiratory training via incentive spirometry and deep breathing exercises. FVC and chest expansion were measured and recorded prior to training, as well as two weeks and four weeks after respiratory training.\u0000Results: In preoperative spine patients, FVC and chest expansion were significantly increased (p<0.05) after respiratory training with incentive spirometry and deep breathing exercises. The FVC in a seated position prior to respiratory training, after 2 weeks of training, and after 4 weeks of training is 2,277.9±599, 2,446.6±614.2, and 2,546.5±591.7 milliliters, respectively. The FVC in the supine position prior to respiratory training, after 2 weeks of training, and after 4 weeks of training is 2,080.2±589, 2,268.3±604.3, and 2,365.9±596.1 milliliters, respectively. Chest expansion in a seated position before respiratory training, after 2-week training, and after 4-week training is 4.2±1.3, 4.6±1.2 and 4.7±1.3 centimeters. Chest expansion in supine position before respiratory training, after 2-week training, and after 4-week training is 3.9±1.2, 4.5±1.3 and 4.5±1.2 centimeters respectively.\u0000Conclusion: Preoperative respiratory training for 2 weeks and 4 weeks using incentive spirometry and conventional deep breathing exercises significantly increased both FVC and chest expansion in patients undergoing spine surgery.","PeriodicalId":201356,"journal":{"name":"Siriraj Medical Bulletin","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124194065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}