Timothy Hall, Allen Mackey, John A Volpe, Bobby Nichols, John Marksteiner
{"title":"Prototype ADS-B system in the Midwest: Description and lessons learned","authors":"Timothy Hall, Allen Mackey, John A Volpe, Bobby Nichols, John Marksteiner","doi":"10.1109/ICNSURV.2008.4559160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNSURV.2008.4559160","url":null,"abstract":"The Federal Aviation Administrations (FAA), in coordination with United Parcel Service (UPS), is developing an air traffic management application called Airline-Based En-Route Sequencing and Spacing (ABESS). The mission of ABESS is to enable airlines to adjust the spacing of aircraft arriving at an en-route merge fix by up-linking speed advisories during the en-route flight phase.This paper describes the successful implementation of the Midwest Prototype ADS-B System, including its system engineering, data collection processes, and data conversion methods. The paper also addresses techniques for correlating ADS-B and radar surveillance data.","PeriodicalId":201010,"journal":{"name":"2008 Integrated Communications, Navigation and Surveillance Conference","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115625158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Emergency management operations control system","authors":"H. Brackett","doi":"10.1109/ICNSURV.2008.4559153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNSURV.2008.4559153","url":null,"abstract":"After hurricane Katrina, over 500 helicopter crews worked tireless to rescue victims trapped by the storm and the massive flooding which occurred after breaches in several earthen dams protecting New Orleans from surrounding waters. These crews worked without the benefit of air traffic control (ATC) de-confliction, needed communications, command & control and no protocol for mission planning and priorities. To address these problems, the NGATS Institute on behalf of the JPDO developed and advertised a study to solve these problems in the future using technologies from the Next Generation Airspace CONOPS. In December 2007, a team lead by Harris Corporation of Melbourne, Florida was awarded this three task study. This paper summarizes the design and planned operational capabilities of EMOCS. The purpose of this study task was to plan for the development and implementation of a fully operational low altitude airspace emergency management communications, navigation, surveillance, and weather system, applicable to both the civil and government first responders, which can support both fixed and rotary wing operations. Such a system must be comprehensive and provide for a deployable and viable platform capable of applying NextGen enabling programs, such as, but not limited to, automatic dependent surveillance - broadcast (ADS-B), DATACOMM and Network Enabled Operations (NEO). The system needs to be easily transportable, self contained, and set up quickly in austere conditions. The study task provides for planning the implementation requirements of foundational NextGen capabilities. These foundational capabilities are the prerequisite for the eventual transformation of the National Airspace System (NAS) by 2025. They also allow NAS users to derive near-term benefits from the NextGen program. This effort is used to provide guidance and address pre-implementation issues for the refinement of a detailed NextGen Concept of Operations (CONOPS).","PeriodicalId":201010,"journal":{"name":"2008 Integrated Communications, Navigation and Surveillance Conference","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129929199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Standardization and regulation for CNS/ATM avionics","authors":"W. Hershey","doi":"10.1109/ICNSURV.2008.4559200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNSURV.2008.4559200","url":null,"abstract":"Worldwide standards and regulations govern aircraft communications, navigation, surveillance (CNS) and air traffic management (ATM) capabilities for all aircraft, including military fleets. These capabilities enable an aircraft to interact with air traffic services and gain access to civil airspace. The U.S. Department of Defense makes multi-billion dollar decisions on how and when to equip its airborne fleets for flying in civil airspace, according to technical standards and specifications, mandatory carriage regulations, and programmatic considerations. Standards development requires the participation of multiple and diverse stakeholders worldwide. Standards bodies determine how and when standards originate and evolve while governmental or quasi governmental organizations publish regulations that apply those standards. This paper describes the roles, responsibilities, and relationships of standards organizations; the types of documents they produce, relationships among the documents, and how they are applied; and regulatory processes and relationships at the national, regional, and world levels.","PeriodicalId":201010,"journal":{"name":"2008 Integrated Communications, Navigation and Surveillance Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130276959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Performance evaluation of OFDMA and multicarrier CDMA systems on airport surface area channels","authors":"Jingtao Zhang, D. Matolak","doi":"10.1109/ICNSURV.2008.4559199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNSURV.2008.4559199","url":null,"abstract":"To meet increasing communication demands on airport surface areas, several systems have been proposed. The OFDMA based IEEE 802.16e system and other multicarrier systems such as multicarrier code division multiple access (MC- CDMA) are of great interest, since they provide flexible data rates and good system performance. In this paper, the performance of several multi-carrier transmission schemes, including OFDMA, spread spectrum multi-carrier multiple access (SS-MC- MA), and frequency generalized multi-carrier CDMA (FG-MC-CDMA), are evaluated on airport surface area channels. All multicarrier spread spectrum systems considered here can be implemented on a common platform and together provide a large amount of flexibility in user data rates, system throughput, performance, and complexity. Moreover, adaptive subcarrier- allocation is not required for these systems, which can greatly reduce system complexity compared to an AMC-OFDMA system.","PeriodicalId":201010,"journal":{"name":"2008 Integrated Communications, Navigation and Surveillance Conference","volume":"660 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133365460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"GMPLS network security: Gap analysis","authors":"Vikram Ramakrishnan, Chris Wargo, Sherin John","doi":"10.1109/ICNSURV.2008.4559171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNSURV.2008.4559171","url":null,"abstract":"As contrasted to the management plane of today's and emerging networks architectures, the control plane will not be as easy to secure. The control plane is an emerging concept that is part of most large scale, high-speed next generation networks. This may also include the architectures that are being researched to go beyond Internet2. Today the control plane originally defined for generalized multi-protocol label switching (GMPLS) is being considered for implementations such as T-MPLS, MPLS-TE, and Ethernet PBB-PBT. In the future, these network switching techniques and the supporting control plane will be supporting the SWIM approach now advocated as part of the NextGen service oriented architecture. The security threats that are being defined and reviewed in the IETF are only part of the story. This paper organizes the categories of threats and provides an understanding of the defensive techniques and gaps to providing security for the control plane.","PeriodicalId":201010,"journal":{"name":"2008 Integrated Communications, Navigation and Surveillance Conference","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115519559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Virtual radar- Emulating long range ARSRs with ADS-B","authors":"D. Whitman","doi":"10.1109/ICNSURV.2008.4559161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNSURV.2008.4559161","url":null,"abstract":"One of the main values of utilizing automatic dependent surveillance - broadcast (ADS-B) data for air traffic control is that it provides greatly improved coverage as well as improved accuracy. As with all technology advances and deployments, especially in the National Airspace System (NAS) domain, there is a long transition time when the old and new systems must work together. The goal of the virtual radar is to provide ADS-B data in a way that completely emulates the characteristics of the current physical radars such that any automation system receiving the data will not have to be modified. Some of the issues that must be addressed include accuracy differences, conversion from cartesian GPS coordinates to polar range-azimuth coordinates, update frequency, providing a conversion of the of the ADS-B data to common digitizer (CD) beacon messages, generating the beacon real time quality control (BRTQC) and search real time quality control (SRTQC) messages as well as the radar status messages. Update frequency has unique issues to be resolved in the fact that the timing of the ADS-B reports may not correspond with the time that virtual radar beam may have hit the target. This issue of time registration will be investigated and the approaches to solving them discussed. The test and validation of virtual radars may require some new procedures and test tools to adequately insure the accuracy and correct operation. The benefits of virtual radars are exciting as they allow all of the benefits of ADS-B, improved coverage, and accuracy, and less maintenance without having to wait for upgraded automation systems.","PeriodicalId":201010,"journal":{"name":"2008 Integrated Communications, Navigation and Surveillance Conference","volume":"12 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120809707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mykel J. Kochenderfer, L. Espindle, J. Griffith, J. Kuchar
{"title":"Encounter modeling for sense and avoid development","authors":"Mykel J. Kochenderfer, L. Espindle, J. Griffith, J. Kuchar","doi":"10.1109/ICNSURV.2008.4559177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNSURV.2008.4559177","url":null,"abstract":"Integrating unmanned aircraft into civil airspace requires the development and certification of systems for sensing and avoiding other aircraft. Because such systems are typically very complex and a high-level of safety must be maintained, rigorous analysis is required before they can be certified for operational use. As part of the certification process, collision avoidance systems need to be evaluated across millions of randomly generated close encounters that are representative of actual operations. New encounter models are under development that capture changes that have occurred in U.S. airspace since earlier models were developed in the 1980s and 1990s. These models capture the characteristics of small, general aviation aircraft that may not be receiving air traffic control services as well as typically larger aircraft that are squawking a discrete transponder code. Both models allow dynamic changes in airspeed, vertical rates, and turn rates in a way that was not possible previously. This paper describes the process used to construct the encounter models, how the models may be used in the development of sense-and-avoid systems for unmanned aircraft, and their application in an analysis of an electro-optical system for collision avoidance.","PeriodicalId":201010,"journal":{"name":"2008 Integrated Communications, Navigation and Surveillance Conference","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117009917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The joint NEO Spiral 1 program: Lessons learned operational concepts and technical framework","authors":"P. Comitz, A. Pinto, D. Sweet, J. Mazurkiewicz","doi":"10.1109/ICNSURV.2008.4559155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNSURV.2008.4559155","url":null,"abstract":"The mission of the joint network enabled operations (NEO) program is to promote interagency communication and collaboration through the use of modern network enabled tools, technologies, and operational procedures for the next generation air transportation system (NextGen). The NEO environment features a modern service bus based enterprise architecture. To evaluate the utility of this architecture and the resulting network enabled tools and services, a set of limited objective command post exercises (CPX) was performed. The exercise participants included personnel from the transportation security administration (TSA) and Federal Air Marshals (FAMs) from the transportation security operations center (TSOC); U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) from the Air Marine Operations Center (AMOC) at March ANG Base; DoD personnel from 1st Air Force Air Operations Center (AOC) at Tyndall AFB; FAA personnel from the Air Traffic Control System Command Center (ATCSCC); and FAA Headquarters personnel from FAA Headquarters Washington, DC. Upon completion of the exercise participants discussed issues, observations, and lessons learned, which were documented and compiled into a final, after action report summarizing the exercise.","PeriodicalId":201010,"journal":{"name":"2008 Integrated Communications, Navigation and Surveillance Conference","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125245662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Aircraft intra-vehicular channel characterization in the 5 GHz band","authors":"D. Matolak, A. Chandrasekaran","doi":"10.1109/ICNSURV.2008.4559193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNSURV.2008.4559193","url":null,"abstract":"Use of wireless communications is expected to extend into the within-aircraft domain in the near future. For effective and efficient communication, some knowledge of wireless channel's characteristics is required. This paper presents wideband channel characterization results for aircraft intra-vehicular wireless communication in the 5 GHz band. In order to obtain quantitative knowledge of such channels, we recently took channel measurements in four aircraft. These 50- MHz bandwidth measurements, in the 5 GHz band, enabled us to quantify delay dispersion and frequency coherence. For the four aircraft, which range from medium to small-sized planes, mean root-mean-square values of delay spread range from a few to approximately 45 ns, with corresponding correlation bandwidths of 13 MHz to 24 MHz. The power delay profiles we measured enabled us to develop statistical models for the within-aircraft channel, and we provide models for 50 MHz channel bandwidth. These models should be of use to designers of within-aircraft wireless systems.","PeriodicalId":201010,"journal":{"name":"2008 Integrated Communications, Navigation and Surveillance Conference","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125303348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Distributing net-enabled federal aviation administration (FAA) weather data","authors":"M. Simons","doi":"10.1109/ICNSURV.2008.4559189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNSURV.2008.4559189","url":null,"abstract":"The FAA, under the System Wide Information Management (SWIM) Program, is pursuing development of net-enabled services together with underlying technologies to implement new data sharing capabilities in the National Airspace System (NAS). SWIM offers a means to achieve a dynamic and flexible operating environment using network- enabling technologies that increase agility, improve interoperability and increase data sharing among users. This paper describes plans currently under consideration by the FAA and SWIM to develop net-enabled services to promote the efficient distribution of FAA weather data for terminal, en- route, and traffic flow operations. The services will be designed to support interfaces for both human- to-machine as well as machine-to-machine communication. Weather services will also be available for design-time discovery by prospective consumers to facilitate a common weather picture for the aviation community. This paper concludes with a description of future plans for distribution of FAA weather data by SWIM that provide incremental steps towards the strategy and roadmap being developed by the Joint Planning and Development Office (JPDO) and the FAA's NextGen Network Enabled Weather (NNEW) program. Future plans include possible access to sensor and model weather data and enhanced implementations of SWIM service registries to facilitate future concepts of net-enabled NAS operations.","PeriodicalId":201010,"journal":{"name":"2008 Integrated Communications, Navigation and Surveillance Conference","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127752549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}