2008 Integrated Communications, Navigation and Surveillance Conference最新文献

{"title":"Idealized truth data for system modeling and testing","authors":"Jeffrey D. Giovino","doi":"10.1109/ICNSURV.2008.4559156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNSURV.2008.4559156","url":null,"abstract":"Modeling and testing Air Traffic Control (ATC) surveillance systems rely heavily on stimulus data. Currently, stimulus data sets are generated either from recoded sensor measurements or artificially generated scenarios. Both may contain hidden errors, contributing to the total error of the system. These hidden errors appear as jumpy, non-continuous positions, velocities, or accelerations. It is important to address the discontinuities in the higher order terms, not just position and velocity. This paper will discuss a technique used to generate idealized truth data. Idealized truth data uses the original data as a guide to generate an achievable scenario that does not contain discontinuities in position, velocity, and acceleration. Idealized truth data is not the original stimulus data filtered to perfect accuracy. The approach presented uses common mathematical techniques to eliminate discontinuities in velocity and acceleration from the original stimulus data, resulting in a scenario that could have happened with effectively no error. Though these techniques may be applicable to many systems, a case study applying these techniques to an aircraft surveillance tracker under test is provided.","PeriodicalId":201010,"journal":{"name":"2008 Integrated Communications, Navigation and Surveillance Conference","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128283443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A concept for pairing departures from parallel runways for wake avoidance","authors":"C. Lunsford","doi":"10.1109/ICNSURV.2008.4559178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNSURV.2008.4559178","url":null,"abstract":"Air traffic is expected to increase significantly over the next ten to fifteen years, doubling by some estimates. A major challenge for supporting this type of growth is the arrival and departure capacity at major airports. There are many initiatives working to improve the arrival capacities at these airports, but very few enable corresponding increases in the departure capacity. The MITRE Corporation's Center for Advanced Aviation System Development's (MITRE/CAASD's) research program is investigating a concept that could increase the departure capacity at fourteen of the thirty-five busiest United States airports. The \"Paired Departure\" concept increases the ability to use closely spaced parallel runways (CSPR) for departures by providing an alternate means of avoiding the wake turbulence created by departing Heavy and Boeing 757 (B757) aircraft. Currently, if parallel departure runways are spaced less than 2500 feet (ft) apart, a departing Heavy or B757 aircraft requires subsequent departures to wait two to three minutes to allow time for their wake to subside. This delay is required for both visual and instrument departures, regardless of wind direction and speed. Wake research over the past thirty years has developed a better understanding of wake movement and decay near the ground. By considering the spacing between the parallel runways at an airport and by establishing a maximum allowable crosswind, a wake-free departure time window can be defined such that it is not possible for a wake to transport to the other runway within that time interval. When a Heavy aircraft departs a CSPR runway, then an aircraft can start its departure takeoff roll on the parallel runway without incurring a wake delay until the paired departure time window expires (e.g., up until 30 seconds after the Heavy started its takeoff roll). A related departure procedure, Wake Turbulence Mitigation for Departures (WTMD)2, is being developed by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). WTMD utilizes an accurate forecast of crosswind to determine when wakes will reliably be moved away from the parallel runway. No departure time window is required for a trailing departure with WTMD since the wake never reaches the parallel runway under the required crosswind conditions. The analysis performed to date shows that WTMD will likely be available from ten to thirty percent of the time at candidate airports with a potential to increase the departure capacity approximately ten percent or more during these times. The paired departure concept is intended to build upon the WTMD capability and to utilize the wind sensing and forecasting capabilities that are being developed to support WTMD. For airports that can implement the paired departure concept, the time that wake-free departures can be enabled could potentially be doubled due to the additional crosswind conditions that can safely be accommodated using the paired departure time window. This paper describes the paired departure co","PeriodicalId":201010,"journal":{"name":"2008 Integrated Communications, Navigation and Surveillance Conference","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127246399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"System dynamics application in air traffic management: A case study","authors":"M. Ulrey, A. Shakarian","doi":"10.1109/ICNSURV.2008.4559157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNSURV.2008.4559157","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we present the results of a preliminary study which used SD to model the control of a single stream of aircraft. The initial model only considered longitudinal motion (no lateral or vertical flight path variations). Furthermore, the only controlled variable was aircraft speed. The goal of the study was to determine the effects on throughput and safety metrics through the variation of two parameters: 1) control algorithm, 2) overall control loop delay time, and 3) length of the reporting interval (distance or time between updates of aircraft state to air traffic control (ATC)). Two different speed control algorithms were compared. Throughput was measured by the average number of aircraft passing a fixed point per hour, over the course of the simulation(s). Safety was measured by the amount of time that the separation between any two (adjacent) aircraft fell below a safe minimum threshold value. The results show the relationship between the controlled parameters and the output metrics. Reductions in either control loop delay time and/or reporting interval length resulted in increased throughput and safety levels. Although this is a simple first step, we believe this is a novel application of SD, and points the way to applying SD to similar, but more complex problems in air traffic management (ATM).","PeriodicalId":201010,"journal":{"name":"2008 Integrated Communications, Navigation and Surveillance Conference","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127802444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flight deck based indications and alerting to increase runway safety","authors":"P. Moertl, J. Nickum","doi":"10.1109/ICNSURV.2008.4559198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNSURV.2008.4559198","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the development of a surface alerting capability based on the use of Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) that is projected for use by many classes of aircraft and at a range of airports. The capability is intended to help reduce the risk of runway incursions and collisions. The capability is developed by a working group that is part of RTCA Special Committee (SC) 186. The capability has been termed the Enhanced Traffic Situational Awareness on the Airport Surface with Indications and Alerts (ATSA SURF IA). The capability description is currently in draft status and is projected to be completed by mid 2009. This paper presents the current activity along with a concept description and a description of the main engineering and human factors issues.","PeriodicalId":201010,"journal":{"name":"2008 Integrated Communications, Navigation and Surveillance Conference","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132026028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of downlink IEEE802.16e communication at airports","authors":"J. Håkegård, T. A. Myrvoll","doi":"10.1109/ICNSURV.2008.4559196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNSURV.2008.4559196","url":null,"abstract":"Mobile WiMAX technology is proposed for ATS and AOC communications in airport areas. This technology provides a large amount of flexibility, incorporating optional use of advanced communication techniques and signal processing. Of particular importance is the use of multiple antenna techniques. In this paper the performance of mobile WiMAX technology is assessed by means of simulations for communications over channel models suited for airport communications. The simulations include space time coding (STC) and spatial multiplexing (SM). The results illustrate the gain obtained using multiple antenna techniques in the case of non line-of-sight between transmitter and receiver, which may be exploited for increased cell size or increased throughput per cell. In addition, the effect of Weibull fading is illustrated for b-factors lower than 2. This leads to worse than Rayleigh fading, and should be taken into account when setting thresholds in the adaptive coding and modulation scheme.","PeriodicalId":201010,"journal":{"name":"2008 Integrated Communications, Navigation and Surveillance Conference","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132779286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Airspace capacity estimation using flows and Weather-Impacted Traffic Index","authors":"A. Klein, L. Cook, B. Wood, D. Simenauer","doi":"10.1109/ICNSURV.2008.4559188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNSURV.2008.4559188","url":null,"abstract":"As part of the effort to develop a \"weather translation model\", we propose a new method of airspace capacity estimation when the NAS is impacted by convective weather. We base it on the premise, accepted by other researches, that the capacity of an airspace sector or center is a function of the geometric structure of traffic flows that traverse this airspace (in addition, of course, to the location of the weather). By computing an augmented weather impacted traffic index (WITI) metric that takes into account the spread of convection blocking a traffic flow, and relating it to a \"maximum WITI\" metric for each flow, we are able to generate reasonably good estimates of airspace capacity degradation. We discuss verification metrics and methods, as well as potential caveats. This approach is first tested using actual convective weather data; after that, initial results are presented that use convective forecast data.","PeriodicalId":201010,"journal":{"name":"2008 Integrated Communications, Navigation and Surveillance Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126175887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shared situational awareness to meet future airspace security mission needs","authors":"C. Bolczak, C. Fong","doi":"10.1109/ICNSURV.2008.4559169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNSURV.2008.4559169","url":null,"abstract":"Airspace security is a mission that is shared by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), Department of Defense (DoD), Department of Homeland Security (DHS), and National Airspace System (NAS) users among others including civil airspace users. Because events can unfold rapidly in the air domain, Shared Situational Awareness among the players is needed to facilitate rapid decision-making that can have life-or-death consequences. The current airspace security operation relies heavily on telephonic coordination with limited shared situational awareness, and treats potential threats in a \"one-size-fits-all\" manner, rather than focusing on highest risk. The future vision is the Next Generation Air Transportation system (NextGen) Secure Airspace concept, which is part of a multi-layered, adaptive security service that is risk-informed, is integrated into trajectory- based operations, and operates in a net-enabled environment. This paper describes the airspace security mission, the future concept, mission partner perspectives for information sharing, and challenges and opportunities in improving shared situational awareness.","PeriodicalId":201010,"journal":{"name":"2008 Integrated Communications, Navigation and Surveillance Conference","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125103476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic FPAs: A new method for dynamic airspace configuration","authors":"Alexander Klein, Mark D. Rodgers, H. Kaing","doi":"10.1109/ICNSURV.2008.4559176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNSURV.2008.4559176","url":null,"abstract":"Methods to dynamically adjust airspace in response to changing weather/traffic conditions are presently being actively researched. This includes the application of various sector boundary optimization techniques; although they show promise, they present many challenges as well. In this paper these challenges will be discussed in detail. Additionally, in order to overcome these challenges, a new method for dynamic airspace configuration is presented: Dynamic FPAs. Using the fix posting area (FPA), a key building block of today's airspace, we expand this concept and develop a method for controlled, incremental dynamic adjustments of sector boundaries that maintains workload (i.e., sector occupancy counts as percentage of MAP value) within specified limits. This method works well in 3D space and allows for both boundary adjustments and sector combinations where justified. It may also support many of the proposed Dynamic Airspace Configuration (DAC) airspace design concepts and classes. It is envisioned that this method can serve as a bridge between current and future NAS airspace design concepts.","PeriodicalId":201010,"journal":{"name":"2008 Integrated Communications, Navigation and Surveillance Conference","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114394023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aircraft navigation and spacecraft coordination via wireless local positioning systems","authors":"S. Zekavat, O. Abdelkhalik, Hui Tong","doi":"10.1109/ICNSURV.2008.4559167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNSURV.2008.4559167","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces a novel wireless local positioning system (WLPS) and highlights its applications for aircraft relative positioning and spacecraft constellation navigation. WLPS allows each node (aircraft) to independently localize and track other aircrafts in its coverage area. WLPS systems use a merger of Direct-Sequence Code Division Multiple Access (DS-CDMA) and Beam forming to improve the detection performance. The paper briefly introduces the WLPS and studies its detection performance for space applications. In addition, it discusses how the proposed WLPS can be integrated with other available sensors in aircraft to ensure coordination of multiple aircraft. The proposed system has applications in relative aircraft positioning and in multi-spacecraft collaborative missions. In addition, the proposed architecture supports the process of distributed communication- navigation surveillance (CNS-ATM).","PeriodicalId":201010,"journal":{"name":"2008 Integrated Communications, Navigation and Surveillance Conference","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123827444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of observed aircraft-to-aircraft separations","authors":"S. Szurgyi, S. Shresta, D. Nešković, J. DeArmon, S. Williams","doi":"10.1109/ICNSURV.2008.4559166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNSURV.2008.4559166","url":null,"abstract":"As air traffic demand continues to increase in the coming years, the need for concepts, procedures and tools that can improve airspace efficiency will likewise increase. Reduction of terminal and en-route separation minima has been the focus of many of the concepts and emerging technologies developed to respond to this need. Horizontal separation distances consist of two major elements: lateral separation (i.e. track-to- track) influenced by the spacing of parallel or converging routes and individual aircraft route conformance; and longitudinal separation (i.e. along-track) influenced by both Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Orders regarding standard separations minima and an additional spacing buffer which reflects controller comfort with position variability and work load. This paper presents the preliminary results of an investigation of current terminal and en-route separations observed on conventional and Area Navigation (RNAV) routes and procedures. This analysis has been undertaken to determine the magnitude of spacing buffers as they are applied today, and then model a future throughput capability that could result from reducing the currently applied separations toward the established minimums.","PeriodicalId":201010,"journal":{"name":"2008 Integrated Communications, Navigation and Surveillance Conference","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122917693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}