{"title":"A New Approach in Chemical Bath Deposition of Cadmium Selenium Thin Films","authors":"Metehan Önal, Barış Altiokka","doi":"10.1002/pssa.202400268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pssa.202400268","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to produce cadmium selenium (CdSe) thin films with a hexagonal structure using the chemical bath deposition (CBD) method. In this study, 0.075 g of cadmium chloride (CdCl<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>) is used as a Cd source, 0.06 g of etilendiamin tetra acetic acid [(EDTA), (C<jats:sub>10</jats:sub>H<jats:sub>16</jats:sub>N<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>8</jats:sub>)] as a complexing agent, and 0.1 g of selenourea [CSe(NH<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>)<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>] as a selenium source. Ammonia (NH<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>) is employed to adjust the pH value of the solutions and varying amounts of Na<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>SO<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> (from 0.1 to 1.6 g) are used as a reducing agent. This chemical combination has been used for the first time to produce CdSe thin films. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) results confirm that CdSe thin films exhibit a hexagonal structure without requiring annealing. The energy band gap values calculated via absorption graphs range from 1.76 to 1.91 eV. The surface morphologies are examined using scanning electron microscope (SEM) images. SEM images show that there are no voids, cracks, or pinholes. The software named ImageJ is used to determine surface roughness, showing range from 6 to 8 nm. The photographs of the samples show that some films adhere homogeneously to the surfaces of substrates, depending on the amount of Na<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>SO<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> used.","PeriodicalId":20074,"journal":{"name":"Physica Status Solidi A-applications and Materials Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142192365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ramprasad B. Sonpir, Dnayneshwar V. Dake, Nita D. Raskar, Vijay A. Mane, Sanjana S. Shinde, Shailaja S. Ingole, Manisha S. Tak, Babasaheb N. Dole
{"title":"Effect of Enhancement in Surface Area of Sn‐Doped Cobalt Oxide Nanoflakes for Supercapacitor Application","authors":"Ramprasad B. Sonpir, Dnayneshwar V. Dake, Nita D. Raskar, Vijay A. Mane, Sanjana S. Shinde, Shailaja S. Ingole, Manisha S. Tak, Babasaheb N. Dole","doi":"10.1002/pssa.202400502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pssa.202400502","url":null,"abstract":"The simple and cost‐effective co‐precipitation method is used for the synthesis of pure Co<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>4</jats:sub> and 5% Sn‐doped Co<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>4</jats:sub> nanoflakes. Crystallographic parameters, chemical composition, morphological properties, optical properties, and surface area are analyzed using X‐ray diffraction data (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), Raman analysis, UV–vis, field emission scanning microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), respectively. By using cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in a 2 <jats:sc>m</jats:sc> KOH electrolyte, the electrochemical characteristics of both pure and 5% Sn‐doped Co<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>4</jats:sub> are verified. The sample results show that the presence of Sn<jats:sup>2+</jats:sup> has an impact on surface area, band gap, specific capacitance, and electrochemical performance of Co<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>4</jats:sub>. According to XRD data, synthetic material has a cubic structure. The surface area of the sample is scrutinized using BET which exhibits a higher surface area of 1084.998 m<jats:sup>2</jats:sup> g<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> than pure Co<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>4</jats:sub> (92.842 m<jats:sup>2</jats:sup> g<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>) demonstrating that enhancement in surface area as dopant concentration increases. It is observed that porous 5% Sn‐doped Co<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>4</jats:sub> nanoflakes has the higher specific capacitance, i.e., 203.6 F g<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> with a high surface area. It is well noticed that drastic change in specific capacitance with 5% Sn doping. These observations and experiments reveal that designed electrode is a promising candidate for supercapacitor application.","PeriodicalId":20074,"journal":{"name":"Physica Status Solidi A-applications and Materials Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142192387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Piezoelectric Electromagnetic Composite Energy Harvester for Collecting Pedestrian Walking Energy","authors":"Linqiang Feng, Chensheng Wang, Jingwei Yang, Zhenheng Li, Jing Li, Lipeng He","doi":"10.1002/pssa.202400311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pssa.202400311","url":null,"abstract":"A piezoelectric‐electromagnetic composite energy harvester (PECEH) has been designed, to mainly study the relationship between the length and angle of piezoelectric cantilever beams and their power generation performance, and the analysis of dynamic models in magnetic levitation systems and the impact of magnet size on power generation performance. In this device, piezoelectric energy harvester (PEH) and electromagnetic harvester (EMH) are used as powered and sensing, respectively. The PEH collects vibration to generate electricity and supplies energy to the EMH, which then transmits the wireless signal. EMH adopts a magnetic levitation device with higher sensitivity, while PEH uses a direct contact strike piezoelectric plate to increase power generation. The paddles are made of flexible materials, which increase the durability of the device. The prototype was tested at different excitation frequencies. Research has shown that at a frequency of 1.4 Hz, the optimal voltage and power are 126.28, 4.04 V, and 4.9 mW and 0.57 μW. 60 light emitting diode can be lit when pedestrians are walking. Therefore, PECEH can be used to collect the vibration energy of pedestrians while walking, providing power to sensors and microstructure.","PeriodicalId":20074,"journal":{"name":"Physica Status Solidi A-applications and Materials Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142192391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Microstructural and Magnetic Characteristics of Nanocrystalline Sm4ZrFe33 Alloys","authors":"Riadh Fersi, Apolo Palarizato Dalia","doi":"10.1002/pssa.202400516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pssa.202400516","url":null,"abstract":"This work focuses on the study of the microstructure and magnetic properties of nanocrystalline powders of Sm<jats:sub>4</jats:sub>ZrFe<jats:sub>3</jats:sub><jats:sub>3</jats:sub>, prepared by high‐energy ball milling. The Sm<jats:sub>4</jats:sub>ZrFe<jats:sub>3</jats:sub><jats:sub>3</jats:sub> compound adopts a monoclinic structure (space group Cm). Upon annealing, these Sm<jats:sub>4</jats:sub>ZrFe<jats:sub>3</jats:sub><jats:sub>3</jats:sub> samples exhibit notable variations in their extrinsic magnetic properties, closely linked to temperature fluctuations. The investigation delves into the correlation between morphology, grain size and magnetic characteristics. A significant enhancement in coercivity (<jats:italic>H</jats:italic><jats:sub>c</jats:sub>), remanent magnetization (<jats:italic>M</jats:italic><jats:sub>r</jats:sub>), and maximum energy product ((<jats:italic>BH</jats:italic>)<jats:sub>max</jats:sub>) is observed, primarily attributed to the finer grain structure present in the samples. Particularly noteworthy, among all annealed specimens, the nanocrystalline Sm<jats:sub>4</jats:sub>ZrFe<jats:sub>3</jats:sub><jats:sub>3</jats:sub> compound annealed at a temperature of <jats:italic>T</jats:italic><jats:sub>a</jats:sub> = 973 K demonstrates the most promising magnetic properties. This specimen exhibits a coercivity <jats:italic>H</jats:italic><jats:sub>c</jats:sub> of 18 500 Oe, remanent magnetization (<jats:italic>M</jats:italic><jats:sub>r</jats:sub>) of 58 emu g<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>, maximum energy product ((<jats:italic>BH</jats:italic>)<jats:sub>max</jats:sub>) of 5.18 MGOe, Curie temperature (<jats:italic>T</jats:italic><jats:sub>C</jats:sub>) of ≈804 K, and magnetic anisotropy field (<jats:italic>H</jats:italic><jats:sub>a</jats:sub>) of 115 980 Oe. These research findings pave the way for future investigations and applications in the realm of permanent magnets, spintronic devices, and magnetic recording, utilizing nanocrystalline alloys based on the Sm<jats:sub>4</jats:sub>ZrFe<jats:sub>3</jats:sub><jats:sub>3</jats:sub> compound.","PeriodicalId":20074,"journal":{"name":"Physica Status Solidi A-applications and Materials Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142192388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michele S. Netto, Rafaela M. J. Lemos, Marco P. Rodrigues, Joseane S. Porto, Ruth S. Brum, Luis O. S. Bulhôes, César O. Avellaneda
{"title":"Characterization and Energy Performance of WO3 Doped and Undoped Photochromic Films","authors":"Michele S. Netto, Rafaela M. J. Lemos, Marco P. Rodrigues, Joseane S. Porto, Ruth S. Brum, Luis O. S. Bulhôes, César O. Avellaneda","doi":"10.1002/pssa.202400425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pssa.202400425","url":null,"abstract":"When exposed to light sources, photochromic (PC) materials change their optical properties and can lessen the transmission of UV and infrared radiation. This results in optimal thermal comfort and a pleasing visual contrast between the internal and external settings. This study uses computer modeling to analyze the annual energy usage in a home with natural ventilation in order to compare the effectiveness of photochromic films with commercial glass. The study is carried out using the EnergyPlus program in the cities of São Carlos and Cuiabá ‐ Brazil. Experiments and numerical simulations with data from doped and undoped tungsten trioxide (WO<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>) PC films are used in the study. Given the rise in energy usage and the pursuit of thermal comfort, this method is essential for assessing the thermal performance of buildings. Evaluations included a comparison of air conditioner performance and energy savings analysis, which leads to a noteworthy annual reduction in energy usage of up to 216.55 kWh and a 40% improvement in visual comfort. It is determined that PC film's dynamic behavior is the best option for comfort in terms of heat, illumination, and visual comfort.","PeriodicalId":20074,"journal":{"name":"Physica Status Solidi A-applications and Materials Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142192389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bruno Souza Zanatta, Silésia de Fátima Curcino da Silva, Pedro Henrique Dondori Zaramella, Otávio Luiz Bottecchia, José de los Santos Guerra, Erick Piovesan, Alexandre Marletta
{"title":"Surface Passivation of the Cu2–xSe Electrode During the Chemical Bath Deposition","authors":"Bruno Souza Zanatta, Silésia de Fátima Curcino da Silva, Pedro Henrique Dondori Zaramella, Otávio Luiz Bottecchia, José de los Santos Guerra, Erick Piovesan, Alexandre Marletta","doi":"10.1002/pssa.202400510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pssa.202400510","url":null,"abstract":"Herein, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic>‐type flexible and transparent electrodes of Cu<jats:sub>2–<jats:italic>x</jats:italic></jats:sub>Se are produced at different conversion times at 20, 25, and 30 s of polyester/Cu thin films via chemical bath deposition. To study the charge transport properties across the Cu<jats:sub>2–<jats:italic>x</jats:italic></jats:sub>Se layer, the organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) are produced according to the following configuration: polyester/Cu<jats:sub>2–<jats:italic>x</jats:italic></jats:sub>Se/poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate)/poly[2‐methoxy‐5‐(2‐ethylhexyloxy)‐1,4‐phenylenevinylene]/aluminum (polyester/Cu<jats:sub>2–<jats:italic>x</jats:italic></jats:sub>Se/PEDOT:PSS/MEH‐PPV/Al), resulting in a direct tunneling in the transport of holes. The control of the barrier's energy between the Cu<jats:sub>2–<jats:italic>x</jats:italic></jats:sub>Se electrode and the MEH‐PPV polymer allows it to tune selectively of the OLED’ charge transport mechanism. The morphological analysis of the Cu<jats:sub>2–<jats:italic>x</jats:italic></jats:sub>Se electrode, carried out using atomic force microscopy, as well as the temperature dependence of the current–voltage measurements in the OLED (50–300 K) shows the ideal deposition time in the chemical bath. In contrast, impedance spectroscopy results confirm the inexistence of the Cu<jats:sub>2–<jats:italic>x</jats:italic></jats:sub>Se/PEDOT:PSS interface using 30 s to Cu<jats:sub>2–<jats:italic>x</jats:italic></jats:sub>Se synthesis. As a result, the control of the injection mechanism of charges can be obtained by reducing the barrier energy to hole transport during the synthesis process of the Cu<jats:sub>2–<jats:italic>x</jats:italic></jats:sub>Se layer via chemical bath deposition, thus simplifying and reducing the costs of the device's processing.","PeriodicalId":20074,"journal":{"name":"Physica Status Solidi A-applications and Materials Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142192452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Enhanced CZTSSe Thin‐Film Solar Cell Efficiency: Key Parameter Analysis","authors":"Loumafak Hafaifa, Mostefa Maache, Selma Rabhi, Zehor Allam, Zineb Ibtissem Gouchida, Yazid Benbouzid, Achouak Zebeir, Razika Adjouz","doi":"10.1002/pssa.202400332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pssa.202400332","url":null,"abstract":"This work presents a numerical simulation study on CZTSSe‐based thin‐film solar cells using Silvaco Atlas software, focusing on optimization and loss analysis. Starting from an initial power conversion efficiency of 12.73%, the ZnO/CdS/CZTSSe cell structure is systematically optimized. Through precise adjustment of layer thickness and doping density, the efficiency is improved to 18.75%. The optimal parameters are 2.5 μm (10<jats:sup>17</jats:sup> cm<jats:sup>−3</jats:sup>) for CZTSSe, 0.01 μm (10<jats:sup>18</jats:sup> cm<jats:sup>−3</jats:sup>) for CdS, and 0.02 μm (10<jats:sup>19</jats:sup> cm<jats:sup>−3</jats:sup>) for ZnO. Loss analysis reveals that increasing CZTSSe thickness beyond 2.5 μm leads to higher bulk series resistance, while thicker CdS and ZnO layers reduce photocurrent generation. Doping density significantly impacts open‐circuit voltage, while layer thickness primarily affects short‐circuit current and fill factor. Performance improves at lower temperatures, achieving 22.2% efficiency at 250 K. These findings provide valuable insights for developing high‐efficiency CZTSSe solar cells.","PeriodicalId":20074,"journal":{"name":"Physica Status Solidi A-applications and Materials Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142192390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity of Anatase/Rutile‐Mixed Phase Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Annealed with Polyethylene Glycol at Low Temperatures in Aluminum Foil‐Covered Combustion Boats","authors":"Retsuo Kawakami, Takumi Matsumoto, Shin‐ichiro Yanagiya, Akihiro Shirai, Yoshitaka Nakano, Masahito Niibe","doi":"10.1002/pssa.202400478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pssa.202400478","url":null,"abstract":"A facile carbon‐doping process is proposed to enhance the photocatalytic activity of anatase/rutile‐mixed phase TiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> nanoparticles using polyethylene glycol (PEG). The TiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>‐PEG composite is loaded into a boat and covered tightly with Al foil to increase the pressure inside that boat during annealing. The boat is annealed for 1 h at different temperatures and PEG ratios. The annealing with 30% PEG at 300 °C enhances the decomposition of organic pollutants and bacterial inactivation under 405 nm light compared to the annealing without Al films. This annealing causes 2.5–3% carbon doping, introduces more oxygen vacancies, and converts PEG into organic compounds rich in CC bond components. These modifications of TiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> can be attributed to carbon‐centered radicals produced from PEG during annealing. The modifications change the band structure to enhance the photogenerated carrier concentration responsible for the photocatalytic activity. The carbon doping narrows the anatase and rutile bandgaps, allowing the anatase phase to absorb 405 nm light. The introduced oxygen vacancies increase the electron‐trapping sites and raise the adsorbed oxygen groups enhancing the upward band bending and the depletion layer depth at the surface. The PEG‐converted compounds can transfer photogenerated electrons within the compounds to the TiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> conduction band.","PeriodicalId":20074,"journal":{"name":"Physica Status Solidi A-applications and Materials Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142192393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Katharina Peh, Dominik Bratek, Kevin Lauer, Robin Lars Benedikt Müller, Dirk Schulze, Aaron Flötotto, Stefan Krischok
{"title":"Light‐Induced Degradation Transition Energy Barrier Measured by Photoluminescence Spectra in Si:In","authors":"Katharina Peh, Dominik Bratek, Kevin Lauer, Robin Lars Benedikt Müller, Dirk Schulze, Aaron Flötotto, Stefan Krischok","doi":"10.1002/pssa.202400570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pssa.202400570","url":null,"abstract":"The impact of light‐induced degradation (LID) treatments is investigated using low‐temperature photoluminescence in Si:In. A feature called as the P‐line, located at 1.118 eV, provides information on the decisive energy barrier for the LID effect. The intensity of the P‐line can be reproducibly influenced by illumination and annealing treatments. The decay of the P‐line after quenching, illumination, and moderate annealing of the silicon samples is measured as function of time and annealing temperature. Both indium‐doped as‐grown Czochralski and indium implanted float‐zone silicon wafers are examined and their behavior is compared. Based on these measurements, an energy barrier for the P‐line defect transition is calculated. The LID defect model is used to discuss the results.","PeriodicalId":20074,"journal":{"name":"Physica Status Solidi A-applications and Materials Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142192394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Elimination of V‐Shaped Pits in Thick InGaN Layers via Ammonia‐Assisted Face‐to‐Face Annealing","authors":"Atsuto Nakata, Ayano Sasaki, Satoshi Kurai, Narihito Okada, Yoichi Yamada","doi":"10.1002/pssa.202400052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pssa.202400052","url":null,"abstract":"InGaN, a group‐III nitride semiconductor, is expected to be widely used in the field of optoelectronics, owing to its excellent physical properties. However, InGaN has various limitations. This study reports face‐to‐face annealing (FFA) using vapor‐phase and in‐plane mass transport to improve the surface flatness of an InGaN template. InGaN layers are grown on a GaN template that is grown on a <jats:italic>c</jats:italic>‐plane sapphire substrate using metal–organic vapor‐phase epitaxy. NH<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>‐assisted FFA is performed at 1050 °C for 20 min, causing V‐pits to vanish from the InGaN template despite their initial density of 3.3 × 10<jats:sup>8</jats:sup> cm<jats:sup>−2</jats:sup>. The surface condition of the lower InGaN layer is worse than that of the upper InGaN layer due to the FFA‐induced upward mass transport from the lower layer, thereby eliminating the V‐pits. Compositional analysis of the upper layer through Auger electron spectroscopy and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy reveals In peaks despite high‐temperature annealing, thus confirming the presence of InGaN. The results of this study offer possibilities for future InGaN crystal growth and InGaN‐based device fabrication.","PeriodicalId":20074,"journal":{"name":"Physica Status Solidi A-applications and Materials Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142192397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}