Physical review letters最新文献

{"title":"Domain-Wall Skyrmion Phase in Dense QCD at Strong Magnetic Fields Using Leading-Order Chiral Perturbation Theory","authors":"Minoru Eto, Kentaro Nishimura, Muneto Nitta","doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.134.181902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.134.181902","url":null,"abstract":"Low-energy dynamics of QCD can be described by pion degrees of freedom in terms of the chiral perturbation theory. A chiral soliton lattice, an array of solitons, is the ground state due to the chiral anomaly in the presence of a magnetic field larger than a certain critical value at finite density. Here, we show in a model-independent and fully analytic manner (at the leading order of the chiral perturbation theory) that the chiral soliton lattice phase transits to a “domain-wall skyrmion phase” when the chemical potential is larger than the critical value μ</a:mi></a:mrow>c</a:mi></a:mrow></a:msub>=</a:mo>16</a:mn>π</a:mi>f</a:mi></a:mrow>π</a:mi></a:mrow>2</a:mn></a:mrow></a:msubsup>/</a:mo>3</a:mn>m</a:mi></a:mrow>π</a:mi></a:mrow></a:msub>∼</a:mo>1.03</a:mn></a:mtext></a:mtext>GeV</a:mi></a:mrow></a:math> with the pion’s decay constant <d:math xmlns:d=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><d:msub><d:mi>f</d:mi><d:mi>π</d:mi></d:msub></d:math> and mass <f:math xmlns:f=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><f:msub><f:mi>m</f:mi><f:mi>π</f:mi></f:msub></f:math>, which can be regarded as the nuclear saturation density. There spontaneously appear stable two-dimensional skyrmions or lumps on a soliton surface, which can be viewed as three-dimensional skyrmions carrying even baryon numbers from the bulk. They behave as superconducting rings with persistent currents due to a charged pion condensation. This phase is in scope of future heavy-ion collider experiments. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20069,"journal":{"name":"Physical review letters","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143920353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Charge Radii of Neutron-Rich Scandium Isotopes and the Seniority Symmetry in the 0f7/2 Shell","authors":"S. W. Bai, X. F. Yang, Á. Koszorús, J. C. Berengut, J. Billowes, M. L. Bissell, K. Blaum, A. Borschevsky, P. Campbell, B. Cheal, C. S. Devlin, K. T. Flanagan, R. F. Garcia Ruiz, H. Heylen, J. D. Holt, B. S. Hu, A. Kanellakopoulos, J. Krämer, V. Lagaki, B. Maaß, S. Malbrunot-Ettenauer, T. Miyagi, K. König, M. Kortelainen, W. Nazarewicz, R. Neugart, G. Neyens, W. Nörtershäuser, P.-G. Reinhard, M. L. Reitsma, L. V. Rodríguez, F. Sommer, Z. Y. Xu","doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.134.182501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.134.182501","url":null,"abstract":"Nuclear charge radii of neutron-rich Sc&lt;/a:mi&gt;&lt;/a:mrow&gt;47&lt;/a:mn&gt;–&lt;/a:mi&gt;49&lt;/a:mn&gt;&lt;/a:mrow&gt;&lt;/a:mmultiscripts&gt;&lt;/a:mrow&gt;&lt;/a:math&gt; isotopes were measured using collinear laser spectroscopy at CERN-ISOLDE. The new data reveal that the charge radii of scandium isotopes exhibit a distinct trend between &lt;c:math xmlns:c=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"&gt;&lt;c:mi&gt;N&lt;/c:mi&gt;&lt;c:mo&gt;=&lt;/c:mo&gt;&lt;c:mn&gt;20&lt;/c:mn&gt;&lt;/c:math&gt; and &lt;e:math xmlns:e=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"&gt;&lt;e:mi&gt;N&lt;/e:mi&gt;&lt;e:mo&gt;=&lt;/e:mo&gt;&lt;e:mn&gt;28&lt;/e:mn&gt;&lt;/e:math&gt;, with &lt;g:math xmlns:g=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"&gt;&lt;g:mrow&gt;&lt;g:mmultiscripts&gt;&lt;g:mrow&gt;&lt;g:mi&gt;Sc&lt;/g:mi&gt;&lt;/g:mrow&gt;&lt;g:mprescripts/&gt;&lt;g:none/&gt;&lt;g:mrow&gt;&lt;g:mn&gt;41&lt;/g:mn&gt;&lt;/g:mrow&gt;&lt;/g:mmultiscripts&gt;&lt;/g:mrow&gt;&lt;/g:math&gt; and &lt;i:math xmlns:i=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"&gt;&lt;i:mrow&gt;&lt;i:mmultiscripts&gt;&lt;i:mrow&gt;&lt;i:mi&gt;Sc&lt;/i:mi&gt;&lt;/i:mrow&gt;&lt;i:mprescripts/&gt;&lt;i:none/&gt;&lt;i:mrow&gt;&lt;i:mn&gt;49&lt;/i:mn&gt;&lt;/i:mrow&gt;&lt;/i:mmultiscripts&gt;&lt;/i:mrow&gt;&lt;/i:math&gt; isotopes having similar values, mirroring the closeness of the charge radii of &lt;k:math xmlns:k=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"&gt;&lt;k:mrow&gt;&lt;k:mmultiscripts&gt;&lt;k:mrow&gt;&lt;k:mi&gt;Ca&lt;/k:mi&gt;&lt;/k:mrow&gt;&lt;k:mprescripts/&gt;&lt;k:none/&gt;&lt;k:mrow&gt;&lt;k:mn&gt;40&lt;/k:mn&gt;&lt;/k:mrow&gt;&lt;/k:mmultiscripts&gt;&lt;/k:mrow&gt;&lt;/k:math&gt; and &lt;m:math xmlns:m=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"&gt;&lt;m:mrow&gt;&lt;m:mmultiscripts&gt;&lt;m:mrow&gt;&lt;m:mi&gt;Ca&lt;/m:mi&gt;&lt;/m:mrow&gt;&lt;m:mprescripts/&gt;&lt;m:none/&gt;&lt;m:mrow&gt;&lt;m:mn&gt;48&lt;/m:mn&gt;&lt;/m:mrow&gt;&lt;/m:mmultiscripts&gt;&lt;/m:mrow&gt;&lt;/m:math&gt;. Theoretical models that successfully interpret the radii of calcium isotopes could not account for the observed behavior in scandium radii, in particular the reduced odd-even staggering. Remarkably, the inclusion of the new &lt;o:math xmlns:o=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"&gt;&lt;o:mrow&gt;&lt;o:mmultiscripts&gt;&lt;o:mrow&gt;&lt;o:mi&gt;Sc&lt;/o:mi&gt;&lt;/o:mrow&gt;&lt;o:mprescripts/&gt;&lt;o:none/&gt;&lt;o:mrow&gt;&lt;o:mn&gt;49&lt;/o:mn&gt;&lt;/o:mrow&gt;&lt;/o:mmultiscripts&gt;&lt;/o:mrow&gt;&lt;/o:math&gt; radius data has unveiled a similar trend in the charge radii of &lt;q:math xmlns:q=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"&gt;&lt;q:mi&gt;N&lt;/q:mi&gt;&lt;q:mo&gt;=&lt;/q:mo&gt;&lt;q:mn&gt;28&lt;/q:mn&gt;&lt;/q:math&gt; isotones and &lt;s:math xmlns:s=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"&gt;&lt;s:mi&gt;Z&lt;/s:mi&gt;&lt;s:mo&gt;=&lt;/s:mo&gt;&lt;s:mn&gt;20&lt;/s:mn&gt;&lt;/s:math&gt; isotopes when adding the protons atop the &lt;u:math xmlns:u=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"&gt;&lt;u:mrow&gt;&lt;u:mmultiscripts&gt;&lt;u:mrow&gt;&lt;u:mi&gt;Ca&lt;/u:mi&gt;&lt;/u:mrow&gt;&lt;u:mprescripts/&gt;&lt;u:none/&gt;&lt;u:mrow&gt;&lt;u:mn&gt;48&lt;/u:mn&gt;&lt;/u:mrow&gt;&lt;/u:mmultiscripts&gt;&lt;/u:mrow&gt;&lt;/u:math&gt; core and the neutrons atop the &lt;w:math xmlns:w=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"&gt;&lt;w:mrow&gt;&lt;w:mmultiscripts&gt;&lt;w:mrow&gt;&lt;w:mi&gt;Ca&lt;/w:mi&gt;&lt;/w:mrow&gt;&lt;w:mprescripts/&gt;&lt;w:none/&gt;&lt;w:mrow&gt;&lt;w:mn&gt;40&lt;/w:mn&gt;&lt;/w:mrow&gt;&lt;/w:mmultiscripts&gt;&lt;/w:mrow&gt;&lt;/w:math&gt; core, respectively. We demonstrate that this trend is consistent with the prediction of the seniority model. &lt;jats:supplementary-material&gt; &lt;jats:copyright-statement&gt;Published by the American P","PeriodicalId":20069,"journal":{"name":"Physical review letters","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143920350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shape of a Membrane on a Liquid Interface with Arbitrary Curvatures","authors":"Zachariah S. Schrecengost, Seif Hejazine, Jordan V. Barrett, Vincent Démery, Joseph D. Paulsen","doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.134.188202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.134.188202","url":null,"abstract":"We study the deformation of a liquid interface with arbitrary principal curvatures by a flat circular sheet. Working first at small slopes, we determine the shape of the sheet analytically in the membrane limit, where the sheet is inextensible yet free to bend and compress. We find that the sheet takes a cylindrical shape on interfaces with negative Gaussian curvature. On interfaces with positive Gaussian curvature, an inner region still adopts a cylindrical shape while the outer region is under azimuthal compression. Numerical energy minimization confirms our predictions and shows that this behavior holds for finite slopes. Experiments on a thin polystyrene film at an anisotropic air-water interface show consistent behaviors. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20069,"journal":{"name":"Physical review letters","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143920352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discovering Electroweak Interacting Dark Matter at Muon Colliders Using Soft Tracks","authors":"Rodolfo Capdevilla, Federico Meloni, Jose Zurita","doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.134.181802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.134.181802","url":null,"abstract":"Minimal dark matter models feature one neutral particle that serves as a thermal relic dark matter candidate, as well as quasidegenerate charged states with TeV masses. When the charged states are produced at colliders, they can decay into dark matter and a low-momentum (soft) charged particle, which is challenging to reconstruct at hadron colliders. We demonstrate that a 3 TeV muon collider is capable of detecting these soft tracks, enabling the discovery of thermal Higgsinos and similar dark matter candidates that constitute highly motivated scenarios for future collider searches. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20069,"journal":{"name":"Physical review letters","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143915439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamical Formation of Regular Black Holes","authors":"Pablo Bueno, Pablo A. Cano, Robie A. Hennigar, Ángel J. Murcia","doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.134.181401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.134.181401","url":null,"abstract":"We study dynamical gravitational collapse in a theory with an infinite tower of higher-derivative corrections to the Einstein-Hilbert action and we show that, under very general conditions, it leads to the formation of regular black holes. Our results are facilitated by the use of a class of theories that possess second-order equations on spherically symmetric metrics, but which are general enough to provide a basis for the gravitational effective action in any D</a:mi>≥</a:mo>5</a:mn></a:mrow></a:math>. We analytically solve the collapse of a thin shell of dust and show that it inevitably experiences a bounce at small radius and that its motion can be extended to arbitrary proper time. The collapse of the shell always gives rise to a singularity-free, geodesically complete spacetime that contains horizons if the total mass is above a critical value. In that case, the shell bounces into a new universe through a white hole explosion. Our construction provides, to the best of our knowledge, the first fully dynamical description of formation of regular black holes, and it suggests that higher-derivative corrections may be the most natural way to resolve the singularities of Einstein’s theory. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20069,"journal":{"name":"Physical review letters","volume":"227 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143915441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Constraints on Axion Mediated Dipole-Dipole Interactions","authors":"Zitong Xu, Xing Heng, Guoqing Tian, Di Gong, Lei Cong, Wei Ji, Dmitry Budker, Kai Wei","doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.134.181801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.134.181801","url":null,"abstract":"The search for axions sits at the intersection of solving critical problems in fundamental physics, including the strong C</a:mi>P</a:mi></a:mrow></a:math> problem in QCD, uncovering the nature of dark matter, and understanding the origin of the Universe’s matter-antimatter asymmetry. The measurement of axion mediated spin-dependent interactions offers a powerful approach for axion detection. However, it has long been restricted to regions outside the “axion window” due to a significant trade-off: the need to effectively suppress the magnetic leakage from highly polarized spin sources while simultaneously detecting subfemtotesla level exotic physics signals at sub-decimeter-scale distances. In this work, we report new experimental results on axion mediated exotic spin-spin interactions using an iron-shielded <c:math xmlns:c=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><c:mrow><c:msub><c:mrow><c:mi>SmCo</c:mi></c:mrow><c:mrow><c:mn>5</c:mn></c:mrow></c:msub></c:mrow></c:math> spin source in combination with a specially designed self-compensation comagnetometer. Employing a composite shielding structure, we achieved a suppression of the magnetic field by up to <e:math xmlns:e=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><e:msup><e:mn>10</e:mn><e:mn>11</e:mn></e:msup></e:math>. This enabled us to establish new constraints on the coupling between electrons and neutrons, improving previous experimental limits by up to 10 000 times within the axion window. Furthermore, we also set the strongest constraints on the coupling between electrons and protons. The proposed method holds substantial potential not only for advancing the search for new physics beyond the standard model but also for enabling transformative applications in biological and chemical research. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20069,"journal":{"name":"Physical review letters","volume":"26 4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143915442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Class S Superconformal Indices from Maximal Supergravity","authors":"Ritabrata Bhattacharya, Abhay Katyal, Oscar Varela","doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.134.181601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.134.181601","url":null,"abstract":"We present a new gauging of maximal supergravity in five spacetime dimensions with gauge group containing ISO(5), involving the local scaling symmetry of the metric, and admitting a supersymmetric anti–de Sitter vacuum. We show this maximal supergravity to arise by consistent truncation of M theory on the (nonspherical, nonparallelizable) six-dimensional geometry associated to a stack of N</a:mi></a:math> M5 branes wrapped on a smooth Riemann surface. The existence of this truncation allows us to holographically determine the complete, universal spectrum of light operators of the dual four-dimensional <c:math xmlns:c=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><c:mi mathvariant=\"script\">N</c:mi><c:mo>=</c:mo><c:mn>2</c:mn></c:math> theory of class <f:math xmlns:f=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><f:mi mathvariant=\"script\">S</f:mi></f:math>. We then compute holographically the superconformal index of the dual field theory at large <i:math xmlns:i=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><i:mi>N</i:mi></i:math>, finding perfect agreement with previously known field theory results in specific limits. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20069,"journal":{"name":"Physical review letters","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143915440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nonmonotonic Motion of Sliding Droplets on Strained Soft Solids","authors":"Youchuang Chao, Hansol Jeon, Stefan Karpitschka","doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.134.184001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.134.184001","url":null,"abstract":"Soft materials are ubiquitous in technological applications that require deformability, for instance, in flexible, water-repellent coatings. However, the wetting properties of prestrained soft materials are only beginning to be explored. Here we study the sliding dynamics of droplets on prestrained soft silicone gels, both in tension and in compression. Intriguingly, in compression we find a nonmonotonic strain dependence of the sliding speed: mild compressions decelerate the droplets, but stronger compressions lead again to faster droplet motion. Upon further compression, creases nucleate under the droplets until, finally, the entire surface undergoes the creasing instability, causing a “run-and-stop” motion. We quantitatively elucidate the speed modification for moderate prestrains by incremental viscoelasticity, while the acceleration for larger prestrains turns out to be linked to the solid pressure, presumably through a lubrication effect of expelled oligomers. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20069,"journal":{"name":"Physical review letters","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143915438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Superconducting Levitated Detector of Gravitational Waves","authors":"Daniel Carney, Gerard Higgins, Giacomo Marocco, Michael Wentzel","doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.134.181402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.134.181402","url":null,"abstract":"A magnetically levitated mass couples to gravity and can act as an effective gravitational wave detector. We show that a superconducting sphere levitated in a quadrupolar magnetic field, when excited by a gravitational wave, will produce magnetic field fluctuations that can be read out using a flux tunable microwave resonator. With a readout operating at the standard quantum limit, such a system could achieve broadband strain noise sensitivity of h</a:mi>≲</a:mo>10</a:mn></a:mrow>−</a:mo>20</a:mn></a:mrow></a:msup>/</a:mo>Hz</a:mi></a:mrow></a:msqrt></a:mrow></a:math> for frequencies of 1 kHz–1 MHz, opening new corridors for astrophysical probes of new physics. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20069,"journal":{"name":"Physical review letters","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143915443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lattice QCD Study of Pion Electroproduction and Weak Production from a Nucleon","authors":"Yu-Sheng Gao, Zhao-Long Zhang, Xu Feng, Lu-Chang Jin, Chuan Liu, Ulf-G. Meißner","doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.134.171904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.134.171904","url":null,"abstract":"Quantum fluctuations in QCD influence nucleon structure and interactions, with pion production serving as a key probe of chiral dynamics. In this Letter, we present a lattice QCD calculation of multipole amplitudes at threshold, related to both pion electroproduction and weak production from a nucleon, using two gauge ensembles near the physical pion mass. We develop a technique for spin projection and construct multiple operators for analyzing the generalized eigenvalue problem in both the nucleon-pion system in the center-of-mass frame and the nucleon system with nonzero momentum. The numerical lattice results are then compared with those extracted from experimental data and predicted by low-energy theorems incorporating one-loop corrections. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20069,"journal":{"name":"Physical review letters","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143898011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}