Physical review letters最新文献

{"title":"Noninvertible Symmetry-Resolved Affleck-Ludwig-Cardy Formula and Entanglement Entropy from the Boundary Tube Algebra","authors":"Yichul Choi, Brandon C. Rayhaun, Yunqin Zheng","doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.133.251602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.133.251602","url":null,"abstract":"We derive a refined version of the Affleck-Ludwig-Cardy formula for a 1</a:mn>+</a:mo>1</a:mn>D</a:mi></a:mrow></a:math> conformal field theory, which controls the asymptotic density of high energy states on an interval transforming under a given representation of a noninvertible global symmetry. We use this to determine the universal leading and subleading contributions to the noninvertible symmetry-resolved entanglement entropy of a single interval. As a concrete example, we show that the ground state entanglement Hamiltonian for a single interval in the critical double Ising model enjoys a Kac-Paljutkin <d:math xmlns:d=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><d:msub><d:mi>H</d:mi><d:mn>8</d:mn></d:msub></d:math> Hopf algebra symmetry when the boundary conditions at the entangling points are chosen to preserve the product of two Kramers-Wannier symmetries, and we present the corresponding symmetry-resolved entanglement entropies. Our analysis utilizes recent developments in symmetry topological field theories. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2024</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20069,"journal":{"name":"Physical review letters","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142840755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing Initial State Overlap through Orbital Optimization for Faster Molecular Electronic Ground-State Energy Estimation","authors":"Pauline J. Ollitrault, Cristian L. Cortes, Jérôme F. Gonthier, Robert M. Parrish, Dario Rocca, Gian-Luca Anselmetti, Matthias Degroote, Nikolaj Moll, Raffaele Santagati, Michael Streif","doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.133.250601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.133.250601","url":null,"abstract":"The phase estimation algorithm is crucial for computing the ground-state energy of a molecular electronic Hamiltonian on a quantum computer. Its efficiency depends on the overlap between the Hamiltonian’s ground state and an initial state, which tends to decay exponentially with system size. We showcase a practical orbital optimization scheme to alleviate this issue. Applying our method to four iron-sulfur molecules, we achieve a notable enhancement, up to 2 orders of magnitude, compared to localized orbitals. Furthermore, our approach yields improved overlaps in cytochrome P450 enzyme models. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2024</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20069,"journal":{"name":"Physical review letters","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142840756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heterogeneous Cluster Energetics and Nonlinear Thermodynamic Response in Supercritical Fluids","authors":"Jingcun Fan, Nguyen Ly, Matthias Ihme","doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.133.248001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.133.248001","url":null,"abstract":"Microstructural heterogeneities arising from molecular clusters directly affect the nonlinear thermodynamic properties of supercritical fluids. We present a physical model to elucidate the relation between energy exchange and heterogeneous cluster dynamics during the transition from liquidlike to gaslike conditions. By analyzing molecular-dynamics data and employing physical principles, the model considers contributions from three key processes, namely, changing cluster density, cluster separation, and transfer of molecules between clusters. We show that the proposed model is consistent with the energetics at subcritical conditions and can be used to explain the nonlinear behavior of thermodynamic response functions, including the peak in the isobaric heat capacity. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2024</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20069,"journal":{"name":"Physical review letters","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142820601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of the G(3900) Structure as the P -Wave DD¯*/D¯D* Resonance","authors":"Zi-Yang Lin, Jun-Zhang Wang, Jian-Bo Cheng, Lu Meng, Shi-Lin Zhu","doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.133.241903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.133.241903","url":null,"abstract":"The BESIII Collaboration recently performed a precise measurement of the e&lt;/a:mi&gt;+&lt;/a:mo&gt;&lt;/a:msup&gt;e&lt;/a:mi&gt;−&lt;/a:mo&gt;&lt;/a:msup&gt;→&lt;/a:mo&gt;D&lt;/a:mi&gt;D&lt;/a:mi&gt;¯&lt;/a:mo&gt;&lt;/a:mover&gt;&lt;/a:math&gt; Born cross sections, and confirmed the &lt;f:math xmlns:f=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"&gt;&lt;f:mi&gt;G&lt;/f:mi&gt;&lt;f:mo stretchy=\"false\"&gt;(&lt;/f:mo&gt;&lt;f:mn&gt;3900&lt;/f:mn&gt;&lt;f:mo stretchy=\"false\"&gt;)&lt;/f:mo&gt;&lt;/f:math&gt; structure reported by and Belle with high significance. We identify the &lt;j:math xmlns:j=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"&gt;&lt;j:mi&gt;G&lt;/j:mi&gt;&lt;j:mo stretchy=\"false\"&gt;(&lt;/j:mo&gt;&lt;j:mn&gt;3900&lt;/j:mn&gt;&lt;j:mo stretchy=\"false\"&gt;)&lt;/j:mo&gt;&lt;/j:math&gt; as the first &lt;n:math xmlns:n=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"&gt;&lt;n:mi&gt;P&lt;/n:mi&gt;&lt;/n:math&gt;-wave &lt;p:math xmlns:p=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"&gt;&lt;p:mi&gt;D&lt;/p:mi&gt;&lt;p:msup&gt;&lt;p:mover accent=\"true\"&gt;&lt;p:mi&gt;D&lt;/p:mi&gt;&lt;p:mo stretchy=\"false\"&gt;¯&lt;/p:mo&gt;&lt;/p:mover&gt;&lt;p:mo&gt;*&lt;/p:mo&gt;&lt;/p:msup&gt;&lt;p:mo&gt;/&lt;/p:mo&gt;&lt;p:mover accent=\"true\"&gt;&lt;p:mi&gt;D&lt;/p:mi&gt;&lt;p:mo stretchy=\"false\"&gt;¯&lt;/p:mo&gt;&lt;/p:mover&gt;&lt;p:msup&gt;&lt;p:mi&gt;D&lt;/p:mi&gt;&lt;p:mo&gt;*&lt;/p:mo&gt;&lt;/p:msup&gt;&lt;/p:math&gt; molecular resonance. The experimental and theoretical identification of the &lt;v:math xmlns:v=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"&gt;&lt;v:mi&gt;P&lt;/v:mi&gt;&lt;/v:math&gt;-wave dimeson state holds paramount importance in enhancing our comprehension of the nonperturbative QCD and few-body physics. Its existence is firmly established in a unified meson-exchange model that simultaneously depicts the features of the &lt;x:math xmlns:x=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"&gt;&lt;x:msub&gt;&lt;x:mi&gt;χ&lt;/x:mi&gt;&lt;x:mrow&gt;&lt;x:mi&gt;c&lt;/x:mi&gt;&lt;x:mn&gt;1&lt;/x:mn&gt;&lt;/x:mrow&gt;&lt;/x:msub&gt;&lt;x:mo stretchy=\"false\"&gt;(&lt;/x:mo&gt;&lt;x:mn&gt;3872&lt;/x:mn&gt;&lt;x:mo stretchy=\"false\"&gt;)&lt;/x:mo&gt;&lt;/x:math&gt;, &lt;bb:math xmlns:bb=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"&gt;&lt;bb:msub&gt;&lt;bb:mi&gt;Z&lt;/bb:mi&gt;&lt;bb:mi&gt;c&lt;/bb:mi&gt;&lt;/bb:msub&gt;&lt;bb:mo stretchy=\"false\"&gt;(&lt;/bb:mo&gt;&lt;bb:mn&gt;3900&lt;/bb:mn&gt;&lt;bb:mo stretchy=\"false\"&gt;)&lt;/bb:mo&gt;&lt;/bb:math&gt;, and &lt;fb:math xmlns:fb=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"&gt;&lt;fb:msub&gt;&lt;fb:mi&gt;T&lt;/fb:mi&gt;&lt;fb:mrow&gt;&lt;fb:mi&gt;c&lt;/fb:mi&gt;&lt;fb:mi&gt;c&lt;/fb:mi&gt;&lt;/fb:mrow&gt;&lt;/fb:msub&gt;&lt;fb:mo stretchy=\"false\"&gt;(&lt;/fb:mo&gt;&lt;fb:mn&gt;3875&lt;/fb:mn&gt;&lt;fb:mo stretchy=\"false\"&gt;)&lt;/fb:mo&gt;&lt;/fb:math&gt;. This scenario can be directly examined in the &lt;jb:math xmlns:jb=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"&gt;&lt;jb:msup&gt;&lt;jb:mi&gt;e&lt;/jb:mi&gt;&lt;jb:mo&gt;+&lt;/jb:mo&gt;&lt;/jb:msup&gt;&lt;jb:msup&gt;&lt;jb:mi&gt;e&lt;/jb:mi&gt;&lt;jb:mo&gt;−&lt;/jb:mo&gt;&lt;/jb:msup&gt;&lt;jb:mo stretchy=\"false\"&gt;→&lt;/jb:mo&gt;&lt;jb:mi&gt;D&lt;/jb:mi&gt;&lt;jb:msup&gt;&lt;jb:mover accent=\"true\"&gt;&lt;jb:mi&gt;D&lt;/jb:mi&gt;&lt;jb:mo stretchy=\"false\"&gt;¯&lt;/jb:mo&gt;&lt;/jb:mover&gt;&lt;jb:mo&gt;*&lt;/jb:mo&gt;&lt;/jb:msup&gt;&lt;jb:mo&gt;/&lt;/jb:mo&gt;&lt;jb:mover accent=\"true\"&gt;&lt;jb:mi&gt;D&lt;/jb:mi&gt;&lt;jb:mo stretchy=\"false\"&gt;¯&lt;/jb:mo&gt;&lt;/jb:mover&gt;&lt;jb:msup&gt;&lt;jb:mi&gt;D&lt;/jb:mi&gt;&lt;jb:mo&gt;*&lt;/jb:mo&gt;&lt;/jb:msup&gt;&lt;/jb:math&gt; cross section by seeing whether a resonance exists at the threshold. The credibility of the investigations is also ensured by the fact that the &lt;qb:math xmlns:qb=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"&gt;&lt;qb:mi&gt;P&lt;/qb:mi&gt;&lt;/qb:","PeriodicalId":20069,"journal":{"name":"Physical review letters","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142820853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interaction Renormalization and Validity of Kinetic Equations for Turbulent States","authors":"Vladimir Rosenhaus, Gregory Falkovich","doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.133.244002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.133.244002","url":null,"abstract":"We consider turbulence of waves interacting weakly via four-wave scattering (sea waves, plasma waves, spin waves, etc.). In the first order in the interaction, a closed kinetic equation has stationary solutions describing turbulent cascades. We show that the higher-order terms generally diverge both at small (IR) and large (UV) wave numbers for direct cascades. The analysis up to the third order identifies the most UV-divergent terms. To gain qualitative analytic control, we sum a subset of the most UV divergent terms, to all orders, giving a perturbation theory free from UV divergence, showing that turbulence becomes independent of the dissipation scale when it goes to zero. On the contrary, the IR divergence (present in the majority of cases) makes the effective coupling parametrically larger than the naive estimate and growing with the pumping scale L</a:mi></a:math> (similar to anomalous scaling in fluid turbulence). In such cases, the kinetic equation does not describe wave turbulence even of arbitrarily small level at a given <c:math xmlns:c=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><c:mi>k</c:mi></c:math> if <e:math xmlns:e=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><e:mi>k</e:mi><e:mi>L</e:mi></e:math> is large enough that is the cascade is sufficiently long. We show that the character of strong turbulence is determined by whether the effective four-wave interaction is enhanced or suppressed by collective effects. The enhancement possibly signals that strong turbulence is dominated by multiwave bound states (solitons, shocks, cusps), similar to confinement in quantum chromodynamics. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2024</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20069,"journal":{"name":"Physical review letters","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142820600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transverse Momentum Distributions from Lattice QCD without Wilson Lines","authors":"Yong Zhao","doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.133.241904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.133.241904","url":null,"abstract":"The transverse-momentum-dependent distributions (TMDs), which are defined by gauge-invariant 3D parton correlators with staple-shaped lightlike Wilson lines, can be calculated from quark and gluon correlators fixed in the Coulomb gauge on a Euclidean lattice. These quantities can be expressed gauge invariantly as the correlators of Coulomb-gauge-dressed fields, which reduce to the standard TMD correlators under principal-value prescription in the infinite boost limit. In the framework of large-momentum effective theory, a quasi-TMD defined from such correlators in a large-momentum hadron state can be matched to the TMD via a factorization formula, whose exact form is derived using soft collinear effective theory and verified at one-loop order. Compared to the currently used gauge-invariant correlators, this new method can substantially improve statistical precision and simplify renormalization for the time-reversal-even TMDs, which will greatly enhance the predicative power of lattice QCD in the nonperturbative region. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2024</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20069,"journal":{"name":"Physical review letters","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142820599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Absolute Dimensionality of Quantum Ensembles","authors":"Alexander Bernal, Gabriele Cobucci, Martin J. Renner, Armin Tavakoli","doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.133.240203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.133.240203","url":null,"abstract":"The dimension of a quantum state is traditionally seen as the number of superposed distinguishable states in a given basis. We propose an absolute, i.e., basis-independent, notion of dimensionality for ensembles of quantum states. It is based on whether a quantum ensemble can be simulated with states confined to arbitrary lower-dimensional subspaces and classical postprocessing. In order to determine the absolute dimension of quantum ensembles, we develop both analytical witness criteria and a semidefinite programming criterion based on the ensemble’s information capacity. Furthermore, we construct explicit simulation models for arbitrary ensembles of pure quantum states subject to white noise, and in natural cases we prove their optimality. Also, efficient numerical methods are provided for simulating generic ensembles. Finally, we discuss the role of absolute dimensionality in high-dimensional quantum information processing. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2024</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20069,"journal":{"name":"Physical review letters","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142820602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wetting Phenomena: Line Tension and Gravitational Effect","authors":"Fei Wang, Haodong Zhang, Britta Nestler","doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.133.246201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.133.246201","url":null,"abstract":"An apparent contact angle is formed when a droplet is deposited on a solid substrate. Young’s law has been employed to describe the equilibrium contact angle. Often in experiments, the equilibrium contact angle deviates from Young’s law and depends on the volume of the droplet, known as the line tension effect. However, the physical origin of the line tension is quite controversial. Especially, the sign and the quantity of the line tension spanning 6 orders of magnitude are unsolved problems. Here, we quantify the line energy in terms of physical parameters and demonstrate that both positive and negative line tensions exist. The results are quantitatively compared with existing experiments as well as with previous theories. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2024</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20069,"journal":{"name":"Physical review letters","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142809407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Superconductivity from Domain Wall Fluctuations in Sliding Ferroelectrics","authors":"Gaurav Chaudhary, Ivar Martin","doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.133.246001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.133.246001","url":null,"abstract":"Bilayers of two-dimensional van der Waals materials that lack an inversion center can show a novel form of ferroelectricity, where certain stacking arrangements of the two layers lead to an interlayer polarization. Under an external out-of-plane electric field, a relative sliding between the two layers can occur, accompanied by an interlayer charge transfer and a ferroelectric switching. We show that the domain walls that mediate ferroelectric switching are a locus of strong attractive interactions between electrons. The attraction is mediated by the ferroelectric domain wall fluctuations, effectively driven by the soft interlayer shear phonon. We comment on the possible relevance of this attraction mechanism to the recent observation of an interplay between sliding ferroelectricity and superconductivity in bilayer T</a:mi></a:mrow>d</a:mi></a:mrow></a:msub>−</a:mtext>MoTe</a:mtext></a:mrow>2</a:mn></a:mrow></a:msub></a:mrow></a:math>. We also discuss the possible role of this mechanism in the superconductivity of moiré bilayers. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2024</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20069,"journal":{"name":"Physical review letters","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142805155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Superdiffusive Thermal Transport in Polymer-Grafted Nanoparticle Melts","authors":"Bohai Liu, Mayank Jhalaria, Eric Ruzicka, Brian C. Benicewicz, Sanat K. Kumar, George Fytas, Xiangfan Xu","doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.133.248101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.133.248101","url":null,"abstract":"In contrast to normal diffusion processes, thermal conduction in one-dimensional systems is anomalous. The thermal conductivity is found to vary with the length as κ&lt;/a:mi&gt;∼&lt;/a:mo&gt;L&lt;/a:mi&gt;&lt;/a:mrow&gt;α&lt;/a:mi&gt;&lt;/a:mrow&gt;&lt;/a:msup&gt;(&lt;/a:mo&gt;α&lt;/a:mi&gt;&gt;&lt;/a:mo&gt;0&lt;/a:mn&gt;)&lt;/a:mo&gt;&lt;/a:mrow&gt;&lt;/a:math&gt;, but there is a long-standing debate on the value &lt;e:math xmlns:e=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"&gt;&lt;e:mi&gt;α&lt;/e:mi&gt;&lt;/e:math&gt;. Here, we present a canonical example of this behavior in polymer-grafted spherical nanoparticle (GNP) melts at fixed grafting density and nanoparticle radius. For long chains (chain length &lt;g:math xmlns:g=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"&gt;&lt;g:mrow&gt;&lt;g:mi&gt;N&lt;/g:mi&gt;&lt;g:mo&gt;≥&lt;/g:mo&gt;&lt;g:mn&gt;9&lt;/g:mn&gt;&lt;g:mn&gt;4&lt;/g:mn&gt;&lt;g:mn&gt;5&lt;/g:mn&gt;&lt;/g:mrow&gt;&lt;/g:math&gt;), the experimental &lt;i:math xmlns:i=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"&gt;&lt;i:mrow&gt;&lt;i:mi&gt;κ&lt;/i:mi&gt;&lt;i:mo stretchy=\"false\"&gt;(&lt;/i:mo&gt;&lt;i:mi&gt;N&lt;/i:mi&gt;&lt;i:mo stretchy=\"false\"&gt;)&lt;/i:mo&gt;&lt;/i:mrow&gt;&lt;/i:math&gt; of GNP melts decreases with &lt;m:math xmlns:m=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"&gt;&lt;m:mi&gt;N&lt;/m:mi&gt;&lt;/m:math&gt;, i.e., polymer concentration. For &lt;o:math xmlns:o=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"&gt;&lt;o:mrow&gt;&lt;o:mi&gt;N&lt;/o:mi&gt;&lt;o:mo&gt;&lt;&lt;/o:mo&gt;&lt;o:mn&gt;9&lt;/o:mn&gt;&lt;o:mn&gt;4&lt;/o:mn&gt;&lt;o:mn&gt;5&lt;/o:mn&gt;&lt;/o:mrow&gt;&lt;/o:math&gt;, however, &lt;q:math xmlns:q=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"&gt;&lt;q:mrow&gt;&lt;q:mi&gt;κ&lt;/q:mi&gt;&lt;q:mo stretchy=\"false\"&gt;(&lt;/q:mo&gt;&lt;q:mi&gt;N&lt;/q:mi&gt;&lt;q:mo stretchy=\"false\"&gt;)&lt;/q:mo&gt;&lt;/q:mrow&gt;&lt;/q:math&gt; unexpectedly increases with &lt;u:math xmlns:u=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"&gt;&lt;u:mi&gt;N&lt;/u:mi&gt;&lt;/u:math&gt; with a maximum near &lt;w:math xmlns:w=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"&gt;&lt;w:mrow&gt;&lt;w:mi&gt;N&lt;/w:mi&gt;&lt;w:mo&gt;∼&lt;/w:mo&gt;&lt;w:mn&gt;9&lt;/w:mn&gt;&lt;w:mn&gt;4&lt;/w:mn&gt;&lt;w:mn&gt;5&lt;/w:mn&gt;&lt;/w:mrow&gt;&lt;/w:math&gt;. For these systems, the extensional free energy per polymer chain is predicted to be maximized near &lt;y:math xmlns:y=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"&gt;&lt;y:mrow&gt;&lt;y:msub&gt;&lt;y:mrow&gt;&lt;y:mi&gt;N&lt;/y:mi&gt;&lt;/y:mrow&gt;&lt;y:mrow&gt;&lt;y:mi&gt;max&lt;/y:mi&gt;&lt;/y:mrow&gt;&lt;/y:msub&gt;&lt;y:mo&gt;≈&lt;/y:mo&gt;&lt;y:mn&gt;9&lt;/y:mn&gt;&lt;y:mn&gt;4&lt;/y:mn&gt;&lt;y:mn&gt;0&lt;/y:mn&gt;&lt;/y:mrow&gt;&lt;/y:math&gt; for σ&lt;/ab:mi&gt;≈&lt;/ab:mo&gt;0.4&lt;/ab:mn&gt;7&lt;/ab:mn&gt;&lt;/ab:mtext&gt;&lt;/ab:mtext&gt;chains&lt;/ab:mi&gt;/&lt;/ab:mo&gt;nm&lt;/ab:mi&gt;&lt;/ab:mrow&gt;2&lt;/ab:mn&gt;&lt;/ab:mrow&gt;&lt;/ab:msup&gt;&lt;/ab:mrow&gt;&lt;/ab:math&gt;, which indicates the dominance of extended conformations at short &lt;cb:math xmlns:cb=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"&gt;&lt;cb:mi&gt;N&lt;/cb:mi&gt;&lt;/cb:math&gt; and Gaussian-like conformation for longer &lt;eb:math xmlns:eb=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"&gt;&lt;eb:mi&gt;N&lt;/eb:mi&gt;&lt;/eb:math&gt;. In the former regime, the thermal conductivity of extended polymer chains increases with &lt;gb:math xmlns:gb=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"&gt;&lt;gb:mi&gt;N&lt;/gb:mi&gt;&lt;/gb:math&gt; and follows &lt;ib:math xmlns:ib=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"&gt;&lt;ib:mrow&gt;&lt;ib:msub&gt;&lt;ib:mrow&gt;&lt;ib:mi&gt;κ&lt;/ib:mi&gt;&lt;/ib:mrow&gt;&lt;ib:mrow&gt;&lt;ib:mi mathvariant=\"normal\"&gt;p&lt;/ib:mi&gt;&lt;/ib:mr","PeriodicalId":20069,"journal":{"name":"Physical review letters","volume":"119 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142805076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}