Physical review letters最新文献

{"title":"Universal and Nonuniversal Signatures in the Scaling Functions of Critical Variables","authors":"Gianluca Teza, Attilio L. Stella","doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.134.127102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.134.127102","url":null,"abstract":"At criticality, the magnetization M</a:mi></a:mrow></a:math> of a <c:math xmlns:c=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><c:mi>d</c:mi></c:math>-dimensional Ising system with <e:math xmlns:e=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><e:mi>N</e:mi></e:math> spins is distributed such that the probability density function of <g:math xmlns:g=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><g:mrow><g:mi>m</g:mi><g:mo>=</g:mo><g:mi>M</g:mi><g:mo>/</g:mo><g:msup><g:mrow><g:mi>N</g:mi></g:mrow><g:mrow><g:msub><g:mrow><g:mi>y</g:mi></g:mrow><g:mrow><g:mi>H</g:mi></g:mrow></g:msub><g:mo>/</g:mo><g:mi>d</g:mi></g:mrow></g:msup></g:mrow></g:math>, with <i:math xmlns:i=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><i:msub><i:mi>y</i:mi><i:mi>H</i:mi></i:msub></i:math> universal exponent, converges to a limit <k:math xmlns:k=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><k:mi>f</k:mi><k:mo stretchy=\"false\">(</k:mo><k:mi>m</k:mi><k:mo stretchy=\"false\">)</k:mo></k:math>. The expectation that <o:math xmlns:o=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><o:mi>f</o:mi></o:math> should furnish a hallmark of universal behavior contrasts with its sensible dependence on nonuniversal features. We show that both nonuniversal amplitudes and universal exponents of leading power law singularities in all large deviation functions are determined by the fact that, due to extensivity, <q:math xmlns:q=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><q:mrow><q:mi>f</q:mi><q:mo stretchy=\"false\">(</q:mo><q:mi>m</q:mi><q:mo stretchy=\"false\">)</q:mo><q:msub><q:mrow><q:mo>∼</q:mo></q:mrow><q:mrow><q:mo stretchy=\"false\">|</q:mo><q:mi>m</q:mi><q:mo stretchy=\"false\">|</q:mo><q:mo>≫</q:mo><q:mn>1</q:mn></q:mrow></q:msub><q:mi>exp</q:mi><q:mo stretchy=\"false\">(</q:mo><q:mo>−</q:mo><q:mi>c</q:mi><q:mo stretchy=\"false\">|</q:mo><q:mi>m</q:mi><q:msup><q:mrow><q:mo stretchy=\"false\">|</q:mo></q:mrow><q:mrow><q:mi>δ</q:mi><q:mo>+</q:mo><q:mn>1</q:mn></q:mrow></q:msup><q:mo stretchy=\"false\">)</q:mo></q:mrow></q:math>, with δ</ab:mi>=</ab:mo>y</ab:mi>H</ab:mi></ab:msub>/</ab:mo>(</ab:mo>d</ab:mi>−</ab:mo>y</ab:mi>H</ab:mi></ab:msub>)</ab:mo></ab:math> and <eb:math xmlns:eb=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><eb:mi>c</eb:mi></eb:math> a nonuniversal coefficient. This unexplored scenario implies a universal form of central limit theorem at criticality and is confirmed by exact calculations for mean field Ising models in equilibrium and for anomalous diffusion models, with <gb:math xmlns:gb=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><gb:mi>M</gb:mi></gb:math> replaced by displacement and <ib:math xmlns:ib=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><ib:mi>N</ib:mi></ib:math> by time. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-mate","PeriodicalId":20069,"journal":{"name":"Physical review letters","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143733973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protein Structure Classification Based on X-Ray-Laser-Induced Coulomb Explosion","authors":"Tomas André, Ibrahim Dawod, Sebastian Cardoch, Emiliano De Santis, Nicuşor Tîmneanu, Carl Caleman","doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.134.128403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.134.128403","url":null,"abstract":"We simulated Coulomb explosion dynamics due to fast ionization induced by high-intensity x-rays in six proteins that share similar atomic content and shape. We followed and projected the trajectory of the fragments onto a virtual detector, providing a unique explosion footprint. After collecting 500 explosion footprints for each protein, we utilized principal component analysis and t</a:mi></a:math>-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding to classify these. Results show that the classification algorithms were able to separate proteins on the basis of explosion footprints from structurally similar proteins into distinct groups. The explosion footprints, therefore, provide a unique identifier for each protein. We envision that method could be used concurrently with single-particle coherent imaging experiments to provide additional information on shape, mass, or conformation. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20069,"journal":{"name":"Physical review letters","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143723254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improved Bound-Electron g -Factor Theory through Complete Two-Loop QED Calculations","authors":"B. Sikora, V. A. Yerokhin, C. H. Keitel, Z. Harman","doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.134.123001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.134.123001","url":null,"abstract":"The two-loop self-energy correction to the bound-electron g</a:mi></a:math> factor in hydrogenlike ions is investigated, taking into account the electron-nucleus interaction exactly. This all-order calculation is required to improve the total theoretical uncertainty of the <c:math xmlns:c=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><c:mi>g</c:mi></c:math> factor, which is limited by the fact that two-loop self-energy corrections have only been calculated so far in the form of an expansion in <e:math xmlns:e=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><e:mi>Z</e:mi><e:mi>α</e:mi></e:math>. Here, <g:math xmlns:g=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><g:mi>Z</g:mi></g:math> is the nuclear charge number and <i:math xmlns:i=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><i:mi>α</i:mi></i:math> is the fine-structure constant. In this work, we report calculations of the last missing parts of the total two-loop self-energy correction, exactly in <k:math xmlns:k=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><k:mi>Z</k:mi><k:mi>α</k:mi></k:math>. We apply our theory to the recently measured <m:math xmlns:m=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><m:mi>g</m:mi></m:math> factor of the hydrogenlike <o:math xmlns:o=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><o:msup><o:mrow><o:mmultiscripts><o:mrow><o:mi>Sn</o:mi></o:mrow><o:mprescripts/><o:none/><o:mrow><o:mn>118</o:mn></o:mrow></o:mmultiscripts></o:mrow><o:mrow><o:mn>49</o:mn><o:mo>+</o:mo></o:mrow></o:msup></o:math> ion [J. Morgner , ] and, with a factor of 8, improve the accuracy of its state-of-the-art theoretical value by almost one order of magnitude, enabling more detailed tests of quantum electrodynamics and new physics in strong fields. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20069,"journal":{"name":"Physical review letters","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143723236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bound Entangled States Are Useful in Prepare-and-Measure Scenarios","authors":"Carles Roch i Carceller, Armin Tavakoli","doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.134.120203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.134.120203","url":null,"abstract":"We show that bipartite bound entangled states make possible violations of correlation inequalities in the prepare-and-measure scenario. These inequalities are satisfied by all classical models as well as by all quantum models that do not feature entanglement. In contrast to the known Bell inequality violations from bound entangled states, we find that the violations in the prepare-and-measure scenario are sizeable and significantly noise-tolerant. Furthermore, we show that significantly stronger quantum correlations are made possible by considering bound entanglement with a larger dimension. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20069,"journal":{"name":"Physical review letters","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143723253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conformal Perturbation Theory from Open String Field Theory","authors":"Jaroslav Scheinpflug, Martin Schnabl","doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.134.121601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.134.121601","url":null,"abstract":"Conformal boundary conditions in two-dimensional conformal field theories are still mostly an uncharted territory. Even less is known about the relevant boundary deformations that connect them. A natural approach to the problem is via conformal perturbation theory, which, however, becomes quickly intractable. Using the formalism of open string field theory, we construct the corresponding classical solution, from which we can easily extract the boundary theory data. As a simple illustration we calculate the boundary degeneracy g</a:mi></a:math> to next-to-leading order for a generic theory. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20069,"journal":{"name":"Physical review letters","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143723252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Active Loop Extrusion Guides DNA-Protein Condensation","authors":"Ryota Takaki, Yahor Savich, Jan Brugués, Frank Jülicher","doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.134.128401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.134.128401","url":null,"abstract":"The spatial organization of DNA involves DNA loop extrusion and the formation of protein-DNA condensates. While the significance of each process is increasingly recognized, their interplay remains unexplored. Using molecular dynamics simulation and theory we investigate this interplay. Our findings reveal that loop extrusion can enhance the dynamics of condensation and promotes coalescence and ripening of condensates. Further, the DNA loop enables condensate formation under DNA tension and position condensates. The concurrent presence of loop extrusion and condensate formation results in the formation of distinct domains similar to TADs, an outcome not achieved by either process alone. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20069,"journal":{"name":"Physical review letters","volume":"94 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143713382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dark Matter Direct Detection Experiments Are Sensitive to the Millicharged Background","authors":"Ella Iles, Saniya Heeba, Katelin Schutz","doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.134.121002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.134.121002","url":null,"abstract":"We show that dark matter direct detection experiments are sensitive to the existence of particles with a small effective charge (for instance, via couplings to a kinetically mixed, low-mass dark photon). Our forecasts do depend on these particles comprising a significant fraction of the dark matter. Rather, these experiments are sensitive to the irreducible abundance produced in the early Universe through the freeze-in mechanism. We find that ongoing and proposed direct detection experiments will have world-leading sensitivity to effective charges Q</a:mi>∼</a:mo>10</a:mn>−</a:mo>12</a:mn></a:mrow></a:msup></a:math> across 9 orders of magnitude in mass, corresponding to a dark matter subfraction as low as <c:math xmlns:c=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><c:mo>∼</c:mo><c:msup><c:mn>10</c:mn><c:mrow><c:mo>−</c:mo><c:mn>3</c:mn></c:mrow></c:msup></c:math>. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20069,"journal":{"name":"Physical review letters","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143702791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Superradiance of Strongly Interacting Dipolar Excitons in Moiré Quantum Materials","authors":"Jan Kumlin, Ajit Srivastava, Thomas Pohl","doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.134.126901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.134.126901","url":null,"abstract":"Moiré lattices created in two-dimensional heterostructures exhibit rich many-body physics of interacting electrons and excitons and, at the same time, suggest promising optoelectronic applications. Here, we study the cooperative radiance of moiré excitons that is demonstrated to emerge from the deep subwavelength nature of the moiré lattice and the strong excitonic on-site interaction. In particular, we show that the static dipole-dipole interaction between interlayer excitons can strongly affect their cooperative optical properties, suppressing superradiance of disordered states while enhancing superradiance of ordered phases of moiré excitons. Moreover, we show that doping permits direct control of optical cooperativity, e.g., by generating superradiant dynamics of otherwise subradiant states of excitons. Our results show that interlayer moiré excitons offer a unique platform for exploring cooperative optical phenomena in strongly interacting many-body systems, thus holding promise for applications in quantum nonlinear optics. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20069,"journal":{"name":"Physical review letters","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143713377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phase-Space Measurements, Decoherence, and Classicality","authors":"Dorje C. Brody, Eva-Maria Graefe, Rishindra Melanathuru","doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.134.120201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.134.120201","url":null,"abstract":"The emergence of classical behavior in quantum theory is often ascribed to the interaction of a quantum system with its environment, which can be interpreted as environmental monitoring of the system. As a result, off-diagonal elements of the density matrix of the system are damped in the basis of a preferred observable, often taken to be the position, leading to the phenomenon of decoherence. This effect can be modeled dynamically in terms of a Lindblad equation driven by the position operator. Here the question of decoherence resulting from a monitoring of position momentum, i.e., a phase-space measurement, by the environment is addressed. There is no standard quantum observable corresponding to the detection of phase-space points, which is forbidden by Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle. This issue is addressed by use of a coherent-state-based positive operator-valued measure for modeling phase-space monitoring by the environment. In this scheme, decoherence in phase space implies the diagonalization of the density matrix in both position and momentum representations. This is shown to be linked to a Lindblad equation where position and momentum appear as two independent Lindblad operators. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20069,"journal":{"name":"Physical review letters","volume":"99 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143713380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantum Mechanics of a Spherically Symmetric Causal Diamond in Minkowski Spacetime","authors":"Mathew W. Bub, Temple He, Prahar Mitra, Yiwen Zhang, Kathryn M. Zurek","doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.134.121501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.134.121501","url":null,"abstract":"We construct the phase space of a spherically symmetric causal diamond in (d</a:mi>+</a:mo>2</a:mn></a:mrow></a:math>)-dimensional Minkowski spacetime. Utilizing the covariant phase space formalism, we identify the relevant degrees of freedom that localize to the <c:math xmlns:c=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><c:mi>d</c:mi></c:math>-dimensional bifurcate horizon and, upon canonical quantization, determine their commutators. On this phase space, we find two Iyer-Wald charges. The first of these charges, proportional to the area of the causal diamond, is responsible for shifting the null time along the horizon and has been well documented in the literature. The second charge is much less understood, being integrable for <e:math xmlns:e=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><e:mi>d</e:mi><e:mo>≥</e:mo><e:mn>2</e:mn></e:math> only if we allow for field-dependent diffeomorphisms and is responsible for changing the size of the causal diamond. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20069,"journal":{"name":"Physical review letters","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143702790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}