Physical review letters最新文献

{"title":"Extreme-Mass-Ratio Inspirals in Ultralight Dark Matter","authors":"Francisco Duque, Caio F. B. Macedo, Rodrigo Vicente, Vitor Cardoso","doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.133.121404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.133.121404","url":null,"abstract":"Previous works have argued that future gravitational-wave detectors will be able to probe the properties of astrophysical environments where binaries coalesce, including accretion disks, but also dark matter structures. Most analyses have resorted to a Newtonian modeling of the environmental effects, which are not suited to study extreme-mass-ratio inspirals immersed in structures of ultralight bosons. In this Letter, we use relativistic perturbation theory to consistently study these systems in spherical symmetry. We compute the flux of scalar particles and the rate at which orbital energy is dissipated via gravitational radiation and depletion of scalars, i.e., dynamical friction. Our results confirm that the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna will be able to probe ultralight dark matter structures by tracking the phase of extreme-mass-ratio inspirals.","PeriodicalId":20069,"journal":{"name":"Physical review letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142245951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Observation of Circular Dichroism Induced by Electronic Chirality","authors":"Qian Xiao, Oleg Janson, Sonia Francoual, Qingzheng Qiu, Qizhi Li, Shilong Zhang, Wu Xie, Pablo Bereciartua, Jeroen van den Brink, Jasper van Wezel, Yingying Peng","doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.133.126402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.133.126402","url":null,"abstract":"Chiral phases of matter, characterized by a definite handedness, abound in nature, ranging from the crystal structure of quartz to spiraling spin states in helical magnets. In <math display=\"inline\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mrow><mn>1</mn><mi>T</mi><mtext>−</mtext><msub><mrow><mi>TiSe</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></math> a source of chirality has been proposed that stands apart from these classical examples as it arises from combined electronic charge and quantum orbital fluctuations. This may allow its chirality to be accessed and manipulated without imposing either structural or magnetic handedness. However, direct bulk evidence that broken inversion symmetry and chirality are intrinsic to <math display=\"inline\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>TiSe</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></math> remains elusive. Here, employing resonant elastic x-ray scattering technique, we reveal the presence of circular dichroism, i.e., polarization dependence of the resonant diffraction intensity, up to <math display=\"inline\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mo>∼</mo><mn>40</mn><mo>%</mo></math> at forbidden Bragg peaks that emerge at the charge and orbital ordering transition. The dichroism varies dramatically with incident energy and azimuthal angle. Comparison to calculated scattering intensities traces its origin to bulk chiral electronic order in <math display=\"inline\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><msub><mi>TiSe</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></math> and establishes resonant elastic x-ray scattering as a sensitive probe to electronic chirality.","PeriodicalId":20069,"journal":{"name":"Physical review letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142245959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shadow Simulation of Quantum Processes","authors":"Xuanqiang Zhao, Xin Wang, Giulio Chiribella","doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.133.120804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.133.120804","url":null,"abstract":"We introduce the task of shadow process simulation, where the goal is to simulate the estimation of the expectation values of arbitrary quantum observables at the output of a target physical process. When the sender and receiver share random bits or other no-signaling resources, we show that the performance of shadow process simulation exceeds that of conventional process simulation protocols in a variety of scenarios including communication, noise simulation, and data compression. Remarkably, we find that there exist scenarios where shadow simulation provides increased statistical accuracy without any increase in the number of required samples.","PeriodicalId":20069,"journal":{"name":"Physical review letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142245949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mott Transition for a Lieb-Liniger Gas in a Shallow Quasiperiodic Potential: Delocalization Induced by Disorder","authors":"Hepeng Yao, Luca Tanzi, Laurent Sanchez-Palencia, Thierry Giamarchi, Giovanni Modugno, Chiara D’Errico","doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.133.123401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.133.123401","url":null,"abstract":"Disorder or quasidisorder is known to favor localization in many-body Bose systems. Here, in contrast, we demonstrate an anomalous delocalization effect induced by incommensurability in quasiperiodic lattices. Loading ultracold atoms in two shallow periodic lattices with equal amplitude and either equal or incommensurate spatial periods, we show the onset of a Mott transition not only in the periodic case but also in the quasiperiodic case. Switching from periodic to quasiperiodic potential with the same amplitude, we find that the Mott insulator turns into a delocalized superfluid. Our experimental results agree with quantum Monte Carlo calculations, showing this anomalous delocalization induced by the interplay between the disorder and interaction.","PeriodicalId":20069,"journal":{"name":"Physical review letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142245953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Entropy Bounds for Device-Independent Quantum Key Distribution with Local Bell Test","authors":"Ernest Y.-Z. Tan, Ramona Wolf","doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.133.120803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.133.120803","url":null,"abstract":"One of the main challenges in device-independent quantum key distribution (DIQKD) is achieving the required Bell violation over long distances, as the channel losses result in low overall detection efficiencies. Recent works have explored the concept of certifying nonlocal correlations over extended distances through the use of a local Bell test. Here, an additional quantum device is placed in close proximity to one party, using short-distance correlations to verify nonlocal behavior at long distances. However, existing works have either not resolved the question of DIQKD security against active attackers in this setup, or used methods that do not yield tight bounds on the key rates. In this work, we introduce a general formulation of the key rate computation task in this setup that can be combined with recently developed methods for analyzing standard DIQKD. Using this method, we show that if the short-distance devices exhibit sufficiently high detection efficiencies, positive key rates can be achieved in the long-distance branch with lower detection efficiencies as compared to standard DIQKD setups. This highlights the potential for improved performance of DIQKD over extended distances in scenarios where short-distance correlations are leveraged to validate quantum correlations.","PeriodicalId":20069,"journal":{"name":"Physical review letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142245948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Edge Zeros and Boundary Spinons in Topological Mott Insulators","authors":"Niklas Wagner, Daniele Guerci, Andrew J. Millis, Giorgio Sangiovanni","doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.133.126504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.133.126504","url":null,"abstract":"We use a real-space slave-rotor theory of the physics of topological Mott insulators, using the Kane-Mele-Hubbard model as an example, and show that a topological gap in the Green function zeros corresponds to a gap in the bulk spinon spectrum and implies a gapless band of edge zeros and a spinon edge mode. We then consider an interface between a topological Mott insulator and a conventional topological insulator showing how the spinon edge mode of the topological Mott insulator combines with the spin part of the conventional electron topological edge state, leaving a non-Fermi liquid edge mode described by a gapless propagating holon and gapped spinon state. Our work demonstrates the physical meaning of Green function zeros and shows that interfaces between conventional and Mott topological insulators are a rich source of new physics.","PeriodicalId":20069,"journal":{"name":"Physical review letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142245957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Counterdiabatic Driving for Periodically Driven Systems","authors":"Paul M. Schindler, Marin Bukov","doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.133.123402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.133.123402","url":null,"abstract":"Periodically driven systems have emerged as a useful technique to engineer the properties of quantum systems, and are in the process of being developed into a standard toolbox for quantum simulation. An outstanding challenge that leaves this toolbox incomplete is the manipulation of the states dressed by strong periodic drives. The state-of-the-art in Floquet control is the adiabatic change of parameters. Yet, this requires long protocols conflicting with the limited coherence times in experiments. To achieve fast control of nonequilibrium quantum matter, we generalize the notion of variational counterdiabatic driving away from equilibrium focusing on Floquet systems. We derive a nonperturbative variational principle to find local approximations to the adiabatic gauge potential for the effective Floquet Hamiltonian. It enables transitionless driving of Floquet eigenstates far away from the adiabatic regime. We discuss applications to two-level, Floquet band, and interacting periodically driven models. The developed technique allows us to capture nonperturbative photon resonances and obtain high-fidelity protocols that respect experimental limitations like the locality of the accessible control terms.","PeriodicalId":20069,"journal":{"name":"Physical review letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142245954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasma-Plasma Third Order Phase Transition from Type IIB Supergravity","authors":"Andrés Anabalón, Julio Oliva","doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.133.121601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.133.121601","url":null,"abstract":"We show that the planar, charged black hole in asymptotically anti–de Sitter spacetime, dual to the strongly coupled quark-gluon plasma thermal state of large <math display=\"inline\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mi>N</mi></math>, <math display=\"inline\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mrow><mi>SU</mi></mrow><mo stretchy=\"false\">(</mo><mi>N</mi><mo stretchy=\"false\">)</mo></math>, <math display=\"inline\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mi mathvariant=\"script\">N</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>4</mn></math> super Yang-Mills at finite chemical potential undergoes a third-order phase transition in the grand canonical ensemble to a hairy black hole of type IIB supergravity. The hairy phase is another strongly coupled fluid with a conformal equation of state and can be interpreted as another kind of quark-gluon plasma. This new quark-gluon plasma has less entropy and, therefore, seems to characterize some form of smooth hadronization. The locus of the transition in terms of the critical values of the “baryon” chemical potential <math display=\"inline\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><msub><mi>μ</mi><mi>c</mi></msub></math> and the temperature <math display=\"inline\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><msub><mi>T</mi><mi>c</mi></msub></math> is <math display=\"inline\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><msub><mi>μ</mi><mi>c</mi></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>2</mn><mi>π</mi><msub><mi>T</mi><mi>c</mi></msub></math>.","PeriodicalId":20069,"journal":{"name":"Physical review letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142245952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First Constraints on the Epoch of Reionization Using the Non-Gaussianity of the Kinematic Sunyaev-Zel’dovich Effect from the South Pole Telescope and Herschel-SPIRE Observations","authors":"S. Raghunathanet al.(SPT-3G, SPTpol Collaboration)","doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.133.121004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.133.121004","url":null,"abstract":"We report results from an analysis aimed at detecting the trispectrum of the kinematic Sunyaev-Zel’dovich (kSZ) effect by combining data from the South Pole Telescope (SPT) and <i>Herschel</i>-SPIRE experiments over a <math display=\"inline\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mn>100</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><msup><mi>deg</mi><mn>2</mn></msup></math> field. The SPT observations combine data from the previous and current surveys, namely SPTpol and SPT-3G, to achieve depths of 4.5, 3, and <math display=\"inline\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mrow><mn>16</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi mathvariant=\"normal\">μ</mi><mrow><mi mathvariant=\"normal\">K</mi><mtext>−</mtext><mi>arcmin</mi></mrow></mrow></math> in bands centered at 95, 150, and 220 GHz. For SPIRE, we include data from the 600 and 857 GHz bands. We reconstruct the velocity-induced large-scale correlation of the small-scale kSZ signal with a quadratic estimator that uses two cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature maps, constructed by optimally combining data from all the frequency bands. We reject the null hypothesis of a zero trispectrum at <math display=\"inline\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mrow><mn>10.3</mn><mi>σ</mi></mrow></math> level. However, the measured trispectrum contains contributions from both the kSZ and other undesired components, such as CMB lensing and astrophysical foregrounds, with kSZ being sub-dominant. We use the <span>agora</span> simulations to estimate the expected signal from CMB lensing and astrophysical foregrounds. After accounting for the contributions from CMB lensing and foreground signals, we do not detect an excess kSZ-only trispectrum and use this nondetection to set constraints on reionization. By applying a prior based on observations of the Gunn-Peterson trough, we obtain an upper limit on the duration of reionization of <math display=\"inline\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mrow><mi mathvariant=\"normal\">Δ</mi><msub><mrow><mi>z</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>re</mi><mo>,</mo><mn>50</mn></mrow></msub><mo>&lt;</mo><mn>4.5</mn></mrow></math> (95% confidence level). We find these constraints are fairly robust to foregrounds assumptions. This trispectrum measurement is independent of, but consistent with, Planck’s optical depth measurement. This result is the first constraint on the epoch of reionization using the non-Gaussian nature of the kSZ signal.","PeriodicalId":20069,"journal":{"name":"Physical review letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142245950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quadrupole Coupling of Circular Rydberg Qubits to Inner Shell Excitations","authors":"M. Wirth, C. Hölzl, A. Götzelmann, E. Pultinevicius, F. Meinert","doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.133.123403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.133.123403","url":null,"abstract":"Divalent atoms provide excellent means for advancing control in Rydberg atom-based quantum simulation and computing due to the second optically active valence electron available. Particularly promising in this context are circular Rydberg atoms, for which long-lived ionic core excitations can be exploited without suffering from detrimental autoionization. Here, we report the implementation of electric quadrupole coupling between the metastable <math display=\"inline\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mrow><mn>4</mn><msub><mrow><mi mathvariant=\"normal\">D</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn><mo>/</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></math> level and a very high-<math display=\"inline\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mi>n</mi></math> (<math display=\"inline\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mrow><mi>n</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>79</mn></mrow></math>) circular Rydberg qubit, realized in doubly excited <math display=\"inline\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mrow><mmultiscripts><mrow><mi>Sr</mi></mrow><mprescripts></mprescripts><none></none><mrow><mn>88</mn></mrow></mmultiscripts></mrow></math> atoms prepared from an optical tweezer array. We measure the kHz-scale differential level shift on the circular Rydberg qubit via beat-node Ramsey interferometry comprising spin echo. Observing this coupling requires coherent interrogation of the Rydberg states for more than <math display=\"inline\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mrow><mn>100</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi mathvariant=\"normal\">μ</mi><mi mathvariant=\"normal\">s</mi></mrow></math>, which is assisted by tweezer trapping and circular state lifetime enhancement in a black-body radiation suppressing capacitor. Further, we find no noticeable loss of qubit coherence under continuous photon scattering on the ion core, paving the way for laser cooling and imaging of Rydberg atoms. Our results demonstrate access to weak electron-electron interactions in Rydberg atoms and expand the quantum simulation toolbox for optical control of highly excited circular state qubits via ionic core manipulation.","PeriodicalId":20069,"journal":{"name":"Physical review letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142245956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}