Physical review letters最新文献

{"title":"Multifractional Brownian Motion with Telegraphic, Stochastically Varying Exponent","authors":"Michał Balcerek, Samudrajit Thapa, Krzysztof Burnecki, Holger Kantz, Ralf Metzler, Agnieszka Wyłomańska, Aleksei Chechkin","doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.134.197101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.134.197101","url":null,"abstract":"The diversity of diffusive systems exhibiting long-range correlations characterized by a stochastically varying Hurst exponent calls for a generic multifractional model. We present a simple, analytically tractable model which fills the gap between mathematical formulations of multifractional Brownian motion and empirical studies. In our model, called telegraphic multifractional Brownian motion, the Hurst exponent is modeled by a smoothed telegraph process which results in a stationary beta distribution of exponents as observed in biological experiments. We also provide a methodology to identify our model in experimental data and present concrete examples from biology, climate, and finance to demonstrate the efficacy of our approach. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20069,"journal":{"name":"Physical review letters","volume":"147 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143940290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"I -Extremization with Baryonic Charges","authors":"Seyed Morteza Hosseini, Alberto Zaffaroni","doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.134.191601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.134.191601","url":null,"abstract":"We propose an entropy function for AdS</a:mi></a:mrow>4</a:mn></a:mrow></a:msub></a:mrow></a:math> BPS black holes in M theory with general magnetic charges, resolving in particular a long-standing puzzle about baryonic charges. The entropy function is constructed from a gravitational block defined solely in terms of topological data of the internal manifold. We show that the entropy of twisted black holes can always be reformulated as an <c:math xmlns:c=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><c:mi mathvariant=\"script\">I</c:mi></c:math>-extremization problem—even in cases where existing large-<f:math xmlns:f=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><f:mi>N</f:mi></f:math> field theory computations fail to provide an answer. Furthermore, we correctly reproduce the entropy for a class of known black holes with purely baryonic magnetic charges. Our results offer both a conjecture for the general gravitational block for <h:math xmlns:h=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><h:mrow><h:msub><h:mrow><h:mi>AdS</h:mi></h:mrow><h:mrow><h:mn>4</h:mn></h:mrow></h:msub></h:mrow></h:math> black holes in M theory and a prediction for the large-<j:math xmlns:j=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><j:mi>N</j:mi></j:math> limit of several partition functions whose saddle points have yet to be found. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20069,"journal":{"name":"Physical review letters","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143940288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantum States Imaging of Magnetic Field Contours Based on Autler-Townes Effect in Ytterbium Atoms","authors":"Tanaporn Na Narong, Hongquan Li, Joshua Tong, Mario Dueñas, Leo Hollberg","doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.134.193201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.134.193201","url":null,"abstract":"An intercombination transition in Yb enables a novel approach for rapidly imaging magnetic field variations with excellent spatial and temporal resolution and accuracy. This quantum imaging magnetometer reveals “dark stripes” that are contours of constant magnetic field visible by eye or capturable by standard cameras. These dark lines result from a combination of Autler-Townes splitting and the spatial Hanle effect in the S</a:mi></a:mrow>0</a:mn></a:mrow></a:msub></a:mrow>1</a:mn></a:mrow></a:mmultiscripts>−</a:mtext>P</a:mi></a:mrow>1</a:mn></a:mrow></a:msub></a:mrow>3</a:mn></a:mrow></a:mmultiscripts></a:mrow></a:math> transition of Yb when driven by multiple strong coherent laser fields (carrier and AM/FM modulation sidebands of a single-mode 556 nm laser). We show good agreement between experimental data and our theoretical model for the closed, 4-level Zeeman shifted V system and demonstrate scalar and vector magnetic field measurements at video frame rates over spatial dimensions of 5 cm with 0.1 mm resolution. Additionally, the <e:math xmlns:e=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><e:mrow><e:mmultiscripts><e:mrow><e:msub><e:mrow><e:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">S</e:mi></e:mrow><e:mrow><e:mn>0</e:mn></e:mrow></e:msub></e:mrow><e:mprescripts/><e:none/><e:mrow><e:mn>1</e:mn></e:mrow></e:mmultiscripts><e:mtext>−</e:mtext><e:mmultiscripts><e:mrow><e:msub><e:mrow><e:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">P</e:mi></e:mrow><e:mrow><e:mn>1</e:mn></e:mrow></e:msub></e:mrow><e:mprescripts/><e:none/><e:mrow><e:mn>3</e:mn></e:mrow></e:mmultiscripts></e:mrow></e:math> transition allows for <i:math xmlns:i=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><i:mo>∼</i:mo><i:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">μ</i:mi><i:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">s</i:mi></i:math> response time and a large dynamic range (from microtesla to many tesla). <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20069,"journal":{"name":"Physical review letters","volume":"123 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143940289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diffusive Hydrodynamics from Long-Range Correlations","authors":"Friedrich Hübner, Leonardo Biagetti, Jacopo De Nardis, Benjamin Doyon","doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.134.187101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.134.187101","url":null,"abstract":"In the hydrodynamic theory, the nonequilibrium dynamics of a many-body system is approximated, at large scales of space and time, by irreversible relaxation to local entropy maximization. This results in a convective equation corrected by viscous or diffusive terms in a gradient expansion, such as the Navier-Stokes equations. Diffusive terms are evaluated using the Kubo formula, and possibly arising from an emergent noise due to discarded microscopic degrees of freedom. In one dimension of space, diffusive scaling is often broken as noise leads to superdiffusion. But in linearly degenerate hydrodynamics, such as that of integrable models, diffusive behaviors are observed, and it has long been thought that the standard diffusive picture remains valid. In this Letter, we show that in such systems, the Navier-Stokes equation breaks down beyond linear response. We demonstrate that diffusive-order corrections do not take the form of a gradient expansion. Instead, they are completely determined by ballistic transport of initial-state fluctuations, and obtained from the nonlocal two-point correlations recently predicted by the ballistic macroscopic fluctuation theory; the resulting hydrodynamic equations are reversible. To do so, we establish a regularized fluctuation theory, putting on a firm basis the recent idea that ballistic transport of initial-state fluctuations determines fluctuations and correlations beyond the Euler scale. This extends the idea of “diffusion from convection” previously developed to explain the Kubo formula in integrable systems to generic nonequilibrium settings. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20069,"journal":{"name":"Physical review letters","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143930599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Continuous-Variable Square-Ladder Cluster States in a Microwave Frequency Comb","authors":"Fabio Lingua, J. C. Rivera Hernández, Michele Cortinovis, David B. Haviland","doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.134.183602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.134.183602","url":null,"abstract":"We describe an experiment demonstrating the generation of three independent square-ladder continuous-variable cluster states with up to 94 qumodes of a microwave frequency comb. This entanglement structure at a large scale is realized by injecting vacuum fluctuations into a Josephson Parametric Amplifier pumped by three coherent signals around twice its resonance frequency, each having a particular well-defined phase relation. We reach up to 1.4 dB of squeezing of the nullifier that verifies the cluster state on the square ladder graph. Our results are consistent with a more familiar measure of two-mode squeezing, where we find up to 5.42 dB for one pump, and up to 1 dB for three pumps. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20069,"journal":{"name":"Physical review letters","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143930592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transitional Supersolidity in Ion Doped Helium Droplets","authors":"Juan Carlos Acosta Matos, P. Giannakeas, Matteo Ciardi, Thomas Pohl, Jan M. Rost","doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.134.186001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.134.186001","url":null,"abstract":"He</a:mi></a:mrow>4</a:mn></a:mrow></a:mmultiscripts></a:mrow></a:math> nanodroplets doped with an alkali ion feature a snowball of crystallized layers surrounded by superfluid helium. For large droplets, we predict that a transitional supersolid layer can form, bridging between the solid core and the liquid bulk, where the <c:math xmlns:c=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><c:mrow><c:mmultiscripts><c:mrow><c:mi>He</c:mi></c:mrow><c:mprescripts/><c:none/><c:mrow><c:mn>4</c:mn></c:mrow></c:mmultiscripts></c:mrow></c:math> density displays modulations of icosahedral group symmetry. To identify the different phases, we combine density functional theory with the semiclassical Gaussian time-dependent Hartree method for localized many-body systems. This hybrid approach can handle large particle numbers and provides insight into the physical origin of the supersolid layer. For small droplets, we verify that the predictions of our approach are in excellent agreement with Path-Integral Monte Carlo calculations. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20069,"journal":{"name":"Physical review letters","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143930598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Active Optical Intensity Interferometry","authors":"Lu-Chuan Liu, Cheng Wu, Wei Li, Yu-Ao Chen, Xiao-Peng Shao, Frank Wilczek, Feihu Xu, Qiang Zhang, Jian-Wei Pan","doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.134.180201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.134.180201","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Long baseline diffraction-limited optical aperture synthesis technology by interferometry plays an important role in scientific study and practical application. In contrast to amplitude (phase) interferometry, intensity interferometry—which exploits the second-order coherence of thermal light—is robust against atmospheric turbulence and optical defects. However, a thermal light source typically has a broadband spectrum, a low average photon number per mode, and a wide divergence angle, forestalling extended applications. Here, we propose and demonstrate active intensity interferometry for optical synthetic aperture imaging over the kilometer range. Our scheme employs multiple phase-independent laser emitters to generate thermal illumination and utilizes a flexible computational algorithm for image reconstruction. Through outdoor experiments, we have successfully imaged millimeter-scale targets located at 1.36 km away, achieving a resolution enhancement by about 14 times over the diffraction limit of a single telescope. The application of long-baseline active intensity interferometry holds promise for advancing high-resolution optical imaging and sensing.</p>","PeriodicalId":20069,"journal":{"name":"Physical review letters","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143940002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formation of Topological Bigels in Mixtures of Colloidal Rings and Polymers","authors":"Andrea Bonato, Davide Marenduzzo, Enzo Orlandini","doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.134.188203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.134.188203","url":null,"abstract":"We study a spherically confined mixture of polymers and colloidal rings. Unlike in standard colloid-polymer mixtures, the polymers interact topologically with the rings by threading them. We find that, above a critical value of the ring radius, threading yields a topological transition from a fluid to a gel-like phase characterized by a space-spanning network of interlocked polymers and rings, which we refer to as a bicomponent gel, or bigel. By exploiting the mixture dual character (rings and polymers), we predict analytically the value of the critical radius. We also show that the mobility of entanglements in the mixture slows down upon entering the gel phase, due to topological hindrance arising from threadings, while the transition rates between topological states of the colloidal probes provide another strong dynamical signature of the gel phase. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20069,"journal":{"name":"Physical review letters","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143930600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detecting Phase Coherence of 2D Bose Gases via Noise Correlations","authors":"Shinichi Sunami, Vijay P. Singh, Erik Rydow, Abel Beregi, En Chang, Ludwig Mathey, Christopher J. Foot","doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.134.183407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.134.183407","url":null,"abstract":"We measure the noise correlations of two-dimensional (2D) Bose gases after free expansion and use them to characterize the phase coherence across the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) transition. The noise correlation function features a characteristic spatial oscillatory behavior in the superfluid phase, which gives direct access to the superfluid exponent. This oscillatory behavior vanishes above the BKT critical point, as we demonstrate for both single-layer and decoupled bilayer 2D Bose gases. Our Letter establishes noise interferometry as an important general tool to probe and identify many-body states of quantum gases, extending its application to previously inaccessible correlation properties in multimode systems. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20069,"journal":{"name":"Physical review letters","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143920348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enabling Strong Neutrino Self-Interaction with an Unparticle Mediator","authors":"Saeid Foroughi-Abari, Kevin J. Kelly, Mudit Rai, Yue Zhang","doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.134.181001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.134.181001","url":null,"abstract":"Recent explorations of the cosmic microwave background and the large-scale structure of the universe have indicated a preference for sizable neutrino self-interactions, much stronger than what the standard model offers. When interpreted in the context of simple particle-physics models with a light, neutrinophilic scalar mediator, some of the hints are already in tension with the combination of terrestrial, astrophysical, and cosmological constraints. We take a novel approach by considering neutrino self-interactions through a mediator with a smooth, continuous spectral density function. We consider Georgi’s unparticle with a mass gap as a concrete example and point out two useful effects for mitigating two leading constraints. (i) The Unparticle is “broadband’—it occupies a wide range of masses which allows it to pass the early universe constraint on effective number of extra neutrinos (Δ</a:mi>N</a:mi></a:mrow>eff</a:mi></a:mrow></a:msub></a:mrow></a:math>) even if the mass gap lies below the MeV scale. (ii) Scattering involving unparticles is less resonant, which lifts the constraint set by IceCube based on a recent measurement of ultra-high-energy cosmogenic neutrinos. Our analysis shows that an unparticle mediator can open up ample parameter space for strong neutrino self-interactions of interest to cosmology and serves a well-motivated target for upcoming experiments. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20069,"journal":{"name":"Physical review letters","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143927203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}