Physical review letters最新文献

{"title":"Quantum-Limited Generalized Measurement for Tunnel-Coupled Condensates","authors":"Maximilian Prüfer, Yuri Minoguchi, Tiantian Zhang, Yevhenii Kuriatnikov, M. Venkat Ramana, Jörg Schmiedmayer","doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.133.250403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.133.250403","url":null,"abstract":"The efficient readout of the relevant information is pivotal for quantum simulation experiments. Often only single observables are accessed by performing standard projective measurements. In this work, we implement an atomic beam splitter by controlled outcoupling that enables a generalized measurement scheme. This gives us simultaneous access to number imbalance and relative phase in a system of two tunnel-coupled 1D Bose gases, which realize a quantum simulator of the sine-Gordon field theory. We demonstrate that the scheme is quantum limited by accessing number squeezing as a sensitive probe for added noise; further, we show that we can track Josephson oscillation dynamics with the generalized measurements. Finally, we show that the scheme allows the extraction of atoms while maintaining the system’s coherent dynamics, which opens up the door to accessing multitime correlation functions. Our scheme constitutes a step towards accessing quantum properties of the sine-Gordon field theory and, in the future, studying spatially extended systems under continuous monitoring. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2024</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20069,"journal":{"name":"Physical review letters","volume":"265 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142867207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parametrically Long Lifetime of Superdiffusion in Nonintegrable Spin Chains","authors":"Adam J. McRoberts, Roderich Moessner","doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.133.256301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.133.256301","url":null,"abstract":"Superdiffusion is surprisingly easily observed even in systems without the integrability underpinning this phenomenon. Indeed, the classical Heisenberg chain—one of the simplest many-body systems, and firmly believed to be nonintegrable—evinces a long-lived regime of anomalous, superdiffusive spin dynamics at finite temperature. Similarly, superdiffusion persists for long timescales, even at high temperature, for small perturbations around a related integrable model. Eventually, however, ordinary diffusion is believed to be asymptotically restored. We examine the timescales governing the lifetime of the superdiffusive regime, and argue that it diverges algebraically fast—both in deviation from the integrable limit, and at low temperature, where we find t</a:mi>*</a:mo></a:msup>∼</a:mo>T</a:mi>−</a:mo>ζ</a:mi></a:mrow></a:msup></a:math> with an exponent possibly as large as <c:math xmlns:c=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><c:mi>ζ</c:mi><c:mo>=</c:mo><c:mn>8</c:mn></c:math>. This can render the crossover to ordinary diffusion practically inaccessible. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2024</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20069,"journal":{"name":"Physical review letters","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142866977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two-Loop Electron Self-Energy for Low Nuclear Charges","authors":"V. A. Yerokhin, Z. Harman, C. H. Keitel","doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.133.251803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.133.251803","url":null,"abstract":"Calculations of the two-loop electron self-energy for the 1</a:mn>S</a:mi></a:math> Lamb shift are reported, performed to all orders in the nuclear binding strength parameter <c:math xmlns:c=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><c:mi>Z</c:mi><c:mi>α</c:mi></c:math> (where <e:math xmlns:e=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><e:mi>Z</e:mi></e:math> is the nuclear charge number and <g:math xmlns:g=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><g:mi>α</g:mi></g:math> is the fine structure constant). Our approach allows calculations to be extended to nuclear charges lower than previously possible and improves the numerical accuracy by more than an order of magnitude. Extrapolation of our all-order results to hydrogen yields a result twice as precise as the previously accepted value [E. Tiesinga ], differing from it by 2.8 standard deviations. The resulting shift in the theoretical prediction for the <i:math xmlns:i=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><i:mrow><i:mn>1</i:mn><i:mi>S</i:mi><i:mtext>−</i:mtext><i:mn>2</i:mn><i:mi>S</i:mi></i:mrow></i:math> transition frequency in hydrogen decreases the value of the Rydberg constant by one standard deviation. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2024</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20069,"journal":{"name":"Physical review letters","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142857546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Constraints on the Melting Temperature and Phase Stability of Shocked Iron up to 270 GPa Probed by Ultrafast X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy","authors":"S. Balugani, J. A. Hernandez, N. Sévelin-Radiguet, O. Mathon, V. Recoules, J. J. Kas, D. E. Eakins, H. Doyle, A. Ravasio, R. Torchio","doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.133.254101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.133.254101","url":null,"abstract":"Studying the properties and phase diagram of iron at high-pressure and high-temperature conditions has relevant implications for Earth’s inner structure and dynamics and the temperature of the inner core boundary (ICB) at 330 GPa. Also, a hexagonal-closed packed to body-centered cubic (bcc) phase transition has been predicted by many theoretical works but observed only in a few experiments. The recent coupling of high-power laser with advanced x-ray sources from synchrotrons allows for novel approaches to address these issues. Here, we present a study on shock compressed iron up to 270 GPa and 5800 K probed by single-pulse (100 ps FWHM) x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Based on the analysis of the XAS spectra, we provide structural identification and bulk temperature measurements along the Hugoniot up to the melting. These results rule out the predicted transition to a high-temperature bcc phase and allow one to discriminate among existing equations of state models and melting curves. In particular, we report the first bulk temperature measurement in shock compressed iron on the melting plateau at 240(20) GPa and 5345(600) K. The melting curve resulting from our work extrapolates to a temperature of 6202(514) K at 330 GPa and represents a refined upper bound for the ICB temperature. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2024</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20069,"journal":{"name":"Physical review letters","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142849367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-Interacting Dark Sectors in Supernovae Can Behave as a Relativistic Fluid","authors":"Damiano F. G. Fiorillo, Edoardo Vitagliano","doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.133.251004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.133.251004","url":null,"abstract":"We revisit supernova (SN) bounds on a hidden sector consisting of millicharged particles χ</a:mi></a:math> and a massless dark photon. Unless the self-coupling is fine-tuned to be small, rather than exiting the SN core as a gas, the particles form a relativistic fluid and subsequent dark QED fireball, streaming out against the drag due to the interaction with matter. Novel bounds due to excessive energy deposition in the mantle of low-energy supernovae can be obtained. The cooling bounds from SN 1987A are unexpectedly not affected in the free-streaming regime. The inclusion of <c:math xmlns:c=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><c:mrow><c:mi>χ</c:mi><c:mover accent=\"true\"><c:mrow><c:mi>χ</c:mi></c:mrow><c:mrow><c:mo stretchy=\"false\">¯</c:mo></c:mrow></c:mover><c:mo stretchy=\"false\">→</c:mo><c:mtext>standard</c:mtext></c:mrow></c:math> model substantially modifies the constraints in the trapping regime, which can only be treated hydrodynamically. Our results can be adapted to generic sub-GeV self-interacting dark sectors. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2024</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20069,"journal":{"name":"Physical review letters","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142849369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced Quantum State Transfer via Feedforward Cancellation of Optical Phase Noise","authors":"Benjamin P. Maddox, Jonathan M. Mortlock, Tom R. Hepworth, Adarsh P. Raghuram, Philip D. Gregory, Alexander Guttridge, Simon L. Cornish","doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.133.253202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.133.253202","url":null,"abstract":"Many experimental platforms for quantum science depend on state control via laser fields. Frequently, however, the control fidelity is limited by optical phase noise. This is exacerbated in stabilized laser systems where high-frequency phase noise is an unavoidable consequence of feedback. Here we implement an optical feedforward technique to suppress laser phase noise in the stimulated Raman adiabatic passage state transfer of ultracold RbCs molecules, across 114 THz, from a weakly bound Feshbach state to the rovibrational ground state. By performing over 100 state transfers on single molecules, we measure a significantly enhanced transfer efficiency of 98.7(1)% limited only by available laser intensity. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2024</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20069,"journal":{"name":"Physical review letters","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142849368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interacting Dark Energy after DESI Baryon Acoustic Oscillation Measurements","authors":"William Giarè, Miguel A. Sabogal, Rafael C. Nunes, Eleonora Di Valentino","doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.133.251003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.133.251003","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate the implications of the baryon acoustic oscillations measurement released by the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument for interacting dark energy (IDE) models characterized by an energy-momentum flow from dark matter to dark energy. By combining Planck-2018 and Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument data, we observe a preference for interactions, leading to a nonvanishing interaction rate ξ</a:mi>=</a:mo>−</a:mo>0.3</a:mn>2</a:mn></a:mrow>−</a:mo>0.14</a:mn></a:mrow>+</a:mo>0.18</a:mn></a:mrow></a:msubsup></a:mrow></a:math>, which results in a present-day expansion rate <c:math xmlns:c=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><c:mrow><c:msub><c:mrow><c:mi>H</c:mi></c:mrow><c:mrow><c:mn>0</c:mn></c:mrow></c:msub><c:mo>=</c:mo><c:msubsup><c:mrow><c:mn>70.8</c:mn></c:mrow><c:mrow><c:mo>−</c:mo><c:mn>1.7</c:mn></c:mrow><c:mrow><c:mo>+</c:mo><c:mn>1.4</c:mn></c:mrow></c:msubsup><c:mtext> </c:mtext><c:mtext> </c:mtext><c:mi>km</c:mi><c:mo>/</c:mo><c:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">s</c:mi><c:mo>/</c:mo><c:mi>Mpc</c:mi></c:mrow></c:math>, reducing the tension with the value provided by the SH0ES Collaboration to less than <f:math xmlns:f=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><f:mo>∼</f:mo><f:mn>1.3</f:mn><f:mi>σ</f:mi></f:math>. The preference for interactions remains robust when including measurements of the expansion rate <h:math xmlns:h=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><h:mi>H</h:mi><h:mo stretchy=\"false\">(</h:mo><h:mi>z</h:mi><h:mo stretchy=\"false\">)</h:mo></h:math> obtained from the relative ages of massive, early-time, and passively evolving galaxies, as well as when considering distance moduli measurements from Type Ia supernovae sourced from the Pantheon-plus catalog using the SH0ES Cepheid host distances as calibrators. Overall, the IDE framework provides an equally good, or better, explanation of both high- and low-redshift observations compared to the lambda cold dark matter model, while also yielding higher <l:math xmlns:l=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><l:msub><l:mi>H</l:mi><l:mn>0</l:mn></l:msub></l:math> values that align more closely with the local distance ladder estimates. However, a limitation of the IDE model is that it predicts lower <n:math xmlns:n=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><n:msub><n:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">Ω</n:mi><n:mi>m</n:mi></n:msub></n:math> and higher <q:math xmlns:q=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><q:msub><q:mi>σ</q:mi><q:mn>8</q:mn></q:msub></q:math> values, which may not be fully consistent with large-scale structure data at the level. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2024</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20069,"journal":{"name":"Physical review letters","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142849366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bootstrap Principle for the Spectrum and Scattering of Strings","authors":"Clifford Cheung, Aaron Hillman, Grant N. Remmen","doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.133.251601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.133.251601","url":null,"abstract":"We show that the Veneziano amplitude of string theory is the unique solution to an analytically solvable bootstrap problem. Uniqueness follows from two assumptions: faster than power-law falloff in high-energy scattering and the existence of some infinite sequence in momentum transfer at which higher-spin exchanges cancel. The string amplitude—including the mass spectrum—is an output of this bootstrap. If the amplitude merely vanishes at high energies, the solution is a three-parameter family containing the Veneziano, Coon, and hypergeometric amplitudes, and more. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2024</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20069,"journal":{"name":"Physical review letters","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142840759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Constraining Light QCD Axions with Isolated Neutron Star Cooling","authors":"Antonio Gómez-Bañón, Kai Bartnick, Konstantin Springmann, José A. Pons","doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.133.251002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.133.251002","url":null,"abstract":"The existence of light QCD axions, whose mass depends on an additional free parameter, can lead to a new ground state of matter, where the sourced axion field reduces the nucleon effective mass. The presence of the axion field has structural consequences, in particular, it results in a thinner (or even prevents its existence) heat-blanketing envelope, significantly altering the cooling patterns of neutron stars. We exploit the anomalous cooling behavior to constrain previously uncharted regions of the axion parameter space by comparing model predictions with existing data from isolated neutron stars. Notably, this analysis does not require the light QCD axion to be the dark matter candidate. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2024</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20069,"journal":{"name":"Physical review letters","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142840757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resonant Conversion of Wave Dark Matter in the Ionosphere","authors":"Carl Beadle, Andrea Caputo, Sebastian A. R. Ellis","doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.133.251001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.133.251001","url":null,"abstract":"We consider resonant wavelike dark matter conversion into low-frequency radio waves in the Earth’s ionosphere. Resonant conversion occurs when the dark matter mass and the plasma frequency coincide, defining a range m</a:mi>DM</a:mi></a:mrow></a:msub>∼</a:mo>10</a:mn>−</a:mo>9</a:mn></a:mrow></a:msup>–</a:mi>10</a:mn>−</a:mo>8</a:mn></a:mrow></a:msup></a:mtext></a:mtext>eV</a:mi></a:math> where this approach is best suited. Owing to the nonrelativistic nature of dark matter and the typical variational scale of the Earth’s ionosphere, the standard linearized approach to computing dark matter conversion is not suitable. We therefore solve a second-order boundary-value problem, effectively framing the ionosphere as a driven cavity filled with a positionally varying plasma. An electrically small dipole antenna targeting the generated radio waves can be orders of magnitude more sensitive to dark photon and axionlike particle dark matter in the relevant mass range. This Letter opens up a promising way of testing hitherto unexplored parameter space that could be further improved with a dedicated instrument. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2024</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20069,"journal":{"name":"Physical review letters","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142840877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}