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Topotactical Hydrogen Induced Single-Band d-Wave Superconductivity in La_{2}NiO_{4}. La_{2}NiO_{4}中拓扑氢诱导单带d波超导性。
IF 9 1区 物理与天体物理
Physical review letters Pub Date : 2025-07-11 DOI: 10.1103/yd8w-frs8
Ying Gao, Wenfeng Wu, Zhaoxin Liu, Karsten Held, Liang Si
{"title":"Topotactical Hydrogen Induced Single-Band d-Wave Superconductivity in La_{2}NiO_{4}.","authors":"Ying Gao, Wenfeng Wu, Zhaoxin Liu, Karsten Held, Liang Si","doi":"10.1103/yd8w-frs8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/yd8w-frs8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>La_{2}NiO_{4} is an antiferromagnetic insulator with a structural resemblance to its cuprate counterpart, La_{2}CuO_{4}. However, La_{2}CuO_{4} has a Cu^{2+} or 3d^{9} electronic configuration that needs to be hole or electron doped for superconductivity, whereas La_{2}NiO_{4} is 3d^{8} with divalent Ni^{2+}. Making a cuprate analog through conventional electron doping is impractical due to the rarity of tetravalent substituents for trivalent La. Here, we propose an alternative route: intercalating topotactical hydrogen, which is possible through electric-field-controlled protonation and transforms La_{2}NiO_{4} into a 3d_{x^{2}-y^{2}} single-band two-dimensional antiferromagnetic Mott insulator analogous to La_{2}CuO_{4}. This we find through density-functional theory and dynamical mean-field theory calculations. The furthergoing dynamical vertex approximation predicts that H-La_{2}NiO_{4} can host d-wave superconductivity under 15% hole doping with a critical temperature above 20 K. Our findings not only suggest a new method for tuning the electronic structure of layered nickelates but also provide theoretical evidence for a new nickelate superconductor, awaiting experimental synthesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":20069,"journal":{"name":"Physical review letters","volume":"135 2","pages":"026002"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144760900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Unified Picture of Superconductivity and Magnetism in CeRh_{2}As_{2}. CeRh_{2}As_{2}中超导性和磁性的统一图。
IF 9 1区 物理与天体物理
Physical review letters Pub Date : 2025-07-11 DOI: 10.1103/dt7w-hh9f
Changhee Lee, Daniel F Agterberg, P M R Brydon
{"title":"Unified Picture of Superconductivity and Magnetism in CeRh_{2}As_{2}.","authors":"Changhee Lee, Daniel F Agterberg, P M R Brydon","doi":"10.1103/dt7w-hh9f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/dt7w-hh9f","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We propose a theory for the microscopic origin of the multiple superconducting and magnetic phases observed in CeRh_{2}As_{2} based on the existence of Van Hove singularities near the Fermi energy. The nonsymmorphic symmetry of this material implies that these singularities are located away from high-symmetry momenta; i.e., they have so-called type-II character. This allows us to include the significant Rashba spin-orbit coupling in CeRh_{2}As_{2} in a parquet renormalization group approach. When Fermi-surface nesting is strong, our analysis reveals two closely competing superconducting states with opposite parities, as well as an instability toward spin-density wave states that support both of them, consistent with the phase diagram of CeRh_{2}As_{2}. Type-II Van Hove singularities are generic to nonsymmorphic space groups, and so our theory implies that many other compounds may support closely competing even- and odd-parity superconductivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":20069,"journal":{"name":"Physical review letters","volume":"135 2","pages":"026003"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144760901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Aqueous Ion Mobility over a Broad Concentration Range. 水溶液离子在宽浓度范围内的迁移率。
IF 8.6 1区 物理与天体物理
Physical review letters Pub Date : 2025-07-11 DOI: 10.1103/dvck-px3k
Tian Huang,Setare Mostajabi Sarhangi,Steve Granick,Dmitry V Matyushov
{"title":"Aqueous Ion Mobility over a Broad Concentration Range.","authors":"Tian Huang,Setare Mostajabi Sarhangi,Steve Granick,Dmitry V Matyushov","doi":"10.1103/dvck-px3k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/dvck-px3k","url":null,"abstract":"For concentrations between dilute and the highly concentrated limit of almost 5 M, we compare our explicit-water molecular dynamics simulations of LiH_{2}PO_{4} (which dissociates into H_{2}PO_{4}^{-} anions relevant to biochemical processes and Li^{+} cations relevant to battery technology) to our pulsed-field gradient NMR measurements of ion diffusion, and find compensation between electrostatic and osmotic forces. The significance is that, noticing that the Kirkwood equation holds when using its exact solution but seemingly is violated when making the traditional approximation of using total force relaxation time in place of the memory relaxation time, we explain slower translational diffusion with increasing ion concentration as a dynamical effect arising from growing memory relaxation time. Physically, 2 orders of magnitude separate the timescales of electrostatic and osmotic forces from the total force such that dynamical correlations between force components lead to concentration-independent total force variance and force relaxation time.","PeriodicalId":20069,"journal":{"name":"Physical review letters","volume":"14 1","pages":"028002"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144756139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Colloidal Model for Investigating Optimal Efficiency in Weakly Coupled Ratchet Motors. 研究弱耦合棘轮电机最优效率的胶体模型。
IF 9 1区 物理与天体物理
Physical review letters Pub Date : 2025-07-11 DOI: 10.1103/sjss-vkqv
José Martín-Roca, Laura Izquierdo Solis, Fernando Martínez Pedrero, Pau Casadejust, Ignacio Pagonabarraga, Carles Calero
{"title":"Colloidal Model for Investigating Optimal Efficiency in Weakly Coupled Ratchet Motors.","authors":"José Martín-Roca, Laura Izquierdo Solis, Fernando Martínez Pedrero, Pau Casadejust, Ignacio Pagonabarraga, Carles Calero","doi":"10.1103/sjss-vkqv","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/sjss-vkqv","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We investigate the transport of superparamagnetic colloidal particles along self-assembled tracks using a periodically applied magnetic field as a model for ratchetlike mechanisms. Through video microscopy and simulations, we examine how different factors influence transport efficiency. The findings reveal that processive motion can be achieved without residual attraction, with optimal transport efficiency governed by the combined effects of particle size ratios, actuation frequency, track roughness, and asymmetry in the applied potential. Additionally, we explore alternative strategies, including weak residual attraction and alternating magnetic fields, to further enhance efficiency. These findings provide valuable insights for the development of synthetic micro- and nanomotors with potential applications in drug delivery and environmental remediation.</p>","PeriodicalId":20069,"journal":{"name":"Physical review letters","volume":"135 2","pages":"028301"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144760836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Deep Generative Modeling of the Canonical Ensemble with Differentiable Thermal Properties. 热性质可微正则系综的深度生成建模。
IF 9 1区 物理与天体物理
Physical review letters Pub Date : 2025-07-11 DOI: 10.1103/8wx7-kyx8
Shuo-Hui Li, Yao-Wen Zhang, Ding Pan
{"title":"Deep Generative Modeling of the Canonical Ensemble with Differentiable Thermal Properties.","authors":"Shuo-Hui Li, Yao-Wen Zhang, Ding Pan","doi":"10.1103/8wx7-kyx8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/8wx7-kyx8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>It is a long-standing challenge to accurately and efficiently compute thermodynamic quantities of many-body systems at thermal equilibrium. The conventional methods, e.g., Markov chain Monte Carlo, require many steps to equilibrate. The recently developed deep learning methods can perform direct sampling, but only work at a single trained temperature point and risk biased sampling. Here, we propose a variational method for canonical ensembles with differentiable temperatures, which gives thermodynamic quantities as continuous functions of temperature akin to an analytical solution. The proposed method is a general framework that works with any tractable density generative model. At optimal, the model is theoretically guaranteed to be the unbiased Boltzmann distribution. We validated our method by calculating phase transitions in the Ising and XY models, demonstrating that our direct-sampling simulations are as accurate as Markov chain Monte Carlo methods but more efficient. Moreover, our differentiable free energy aligns closely with the exact one to the second-order derivative, indicating that the variational model captures the subtle thermal transitions at the phase transitions. This functional dependence on external parameters is a fundamental advancement in combining the exceptional fitting ability of deep learning with rigorous physical analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":20069,"journal":{"name":"Physical review letters","volume":"135 2","pages":"027301"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144760842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Matchgate Circuits Deeply Thermalize. 火柴门电路深度热化。
IF 9 1区 物理与天体物理
Physical review letters Pub Date : 2025-07-11 DOI: 10.1103/v8kp-39ry
Mircea Bejan, Benjamin Béri, Max McGinley
{"title":"Matchgate Circuits Deeply Thermalize.","authors":"Mircea Bejan, Benjamin Béri, Max McGinley","doi":"10.1103/v8kp-39ry","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/v8kp-39ry","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We study the ensemble of states generated by performing projective measurements on the output of a random matchgate (or free-fermionic) quantum circuit. We rigorously show that this \"projected ensemble\" exhibits deep thermalization: for large system sizes, it converges toward a universal ensemble that is uniform over the manifold of Gaussian fermionic states. As well as proving momentwise convergence of these ensembles, we demonstrate that the full distribution of any physical observable in the projected ensemble is close to its universal form in Wasserstein-1 distance, which we argue is an appropriate and efficiently computable measure of convergence when studying deep thermalization. Using this metric, we also numerically find that local matchgate circuits deeply thermalize after a timescale t∼L^{2} set by the diffusive spreading of quantum information. Our work opens up new avenues to experimentally accessible protocols to probe the emergence of quantum statistical mechanics and benchmark quantum simulators.</p>","PeriodicalId":20069,"journal":{"name":"Physical review letters","volume":"135 2","pages":"020401"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144760861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Thermodynamic Origin of Multistep Polymer Crystallization. 多步聚合物结晶的热力学起源。
IF 8.6 1区 物理与天体物理
Physical review letters Pub Date : 2025-07-11 DOI: 10.1103/bzpn-qpj5
Wenlin Zhang
{"title":"Thermodynamic Origin of Multistep Polymer Crystallization.","authors":"Wenlin Zhang","doi":"10.1103/bzpn-qpj5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/bzpn-qpj5","url":null,"abstract":"We combine atomistic simulations and theories to predict the free energy of polymer crystallization, which highlights the roles of backbone stiffness and orientational coupling between monomers in the formation of metastable mesophases. We show that polyethylene (PE) with sufficient backbone stiffness in the conformationally disordered state can develop uniaxial order through metastable nematic and rotator phases before conformationally ordering into the crystalline state. Isotactic polypropylene (iPP), with a lower backbone stiffness, undergoes one-step crystallization directly from the isotropic phase to the crystalline phase. The predicted bulk phase transition temperatures for iPP and PE of different molecular weights agree well with experiments.","PeriodicalId":20069,"journal":{"name":"Physical review letters","volume":"26 1","pages":"028101"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144756269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Collision-Energy Dependence in Heavy-Ion Collisions from Nonlinear QCD Evolution. 非线性QCD演化中重离子碰撞的碰撞能量依赖。
IF 9 1区 物理与天体物理
Physical review letters Pub Date : 2025-07-11 DOI: 10.1103/gf4y-p5j7
Heikki Mäntysaari, Björn Schenke, Chun Shen, Wenbin Zhao
{"title":"Collision-Energy Dependence in Heavy-Ion Collisions from Nonlinear QCD Evolution.","authors":"Heikki Mäntysaari, Björn Schenke, Chun Shen, Wenbin Zhao","doi":"10.1103/gf4y-p5j7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/gf4y-p5j7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We explore the effects of including the energy dependence determined from evolution equations within the color glass condensate framework on observables in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions. This amounts to integrating the JIMWLK evolution equations into the impact parameter-dependent glasma model, which is then coupled to viscous relativistic hydrodynamics. This methodology allows for a systematic representation of nuclei at specific Bjorken-x values, which are probed at different center-of-mass energies of the collision and rapidities of final state particles. Comparing the methodology to the conventional impact parameter-dependent glasma model, we find significant effects on multiplicity distributions and particle spectra, especially in smaller collision systems at the highest center-of-mass energies. Our results highlight the importance of incorporating nonlinear QCD evolution in the description of heavy-ion collisions at varying center-of-mass energies, as the precise extraction of transport coefficients will be affected. This Letter establishes a robust framework for understanding the quark gluon plasma and nuclear structure at high energy, integrating small-x physics into the initial conditions of heavy-ion collisions.</p>","PeriodicalId":20069,"journal":{"name":"Physical review letters","volume":"135 2","pages":"022302"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144760835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Firewalls from General Covariance. 一般协方差中的防火墙。
IF 9 1区 物理与天体物理
Physical review letters Pub Date : 2025-07-11 DOI: 10.1103/xl94-k5rj
Raphael Bousso
{"title":"Firewalls from General Covariance.","authors":"Raphael Bousso","doi":"10.1103/xl94-k5rj","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/xl94-k5rj","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>I define \"horizon normalcy\" as the approximate validity of semiclassical gravity and effective field theory for the description of observers that approach or cross a black hole horizon. If black holes return information, then horizon normalcy must fail substantially, at least in some global states. It has been proposed that horizon normalcy persists, so long as the Hawking radiation remains in a computationally simple state. Here I argue that state-dependent horizon normalcy-independent of the underlying mechanism and independent of the class of radiation states asserted to guarantee normalcy-requires a breakdown of general covariance far from the black hole, or else horizon normalcy will depend on the infinite future of the exterior. This is because the radiation can be in different states at different events, all spacelike to the horizon crossing event whose normalcy is at stake. I discuss a related effect in AdS/CFT, and I argue that its resolution by timefolds is of no help here.</p>","PeriodicalId":20069,"journal":{"name":"Physical review letters","volume":"135 2","pages":"021501"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144760851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Measuring Decoherence due to Quantum Vacuum Fluctuations. 测量量子真空涨落引起的退相干。
IF 9 1区 物理与天体物理
Physical review letters Pub Date : 2025-07-11 DOI: 10.1103/s5c9-zjt9
Anirudh Gundhi, Hendrik Ulbricht
{"title":"Measuring Decoherence due to Quantum Vacuum Fluctuations.","authors":"Anirudh Gundhi, Hendrik Ulbricht","doi":"10.1103/s5c9-zjt9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/s5c9-zjt9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The interaction of a particle with vacuum fluctuations-which theoretically exist even in the complete absence of matter-can lead to observable irreversible decoherence if it were possible to switch on and off the particle charge suddenly. We compute the leading order decoherence effect for such a scenario and propose an experimental setup for its detection. Such a measurement might provide further insights into the nature of vacuum fluctuations and a novel precision test for the decoherence theory.</p>","PeriodicalId":20069,"journal":{"name":"Physical review letters","volume":"135 2","pages":"020402"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144760862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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