Pedro De la Torre Luque, Shyam Balaji, Joseph Silk
{"title":"Anomalous Ionization in the Central Molecular Zone by Sub-GeV Dark Matter","authors":"Pedro De la Torre Luque, Shyam Balaji, Joseph Silk","doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.134.101001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.134.101001","url":null,"abstract":"We demonstrate that the anomalous ionization rate observed in the Central Molecular Zone can be attributed to MeV dark matter annihilations into e</a:mi>+</a:mo></a:msup>e</a:mi>−</a:mo></a:msup></a:math> pairs for galactic dark matter profiles with slopes <c:math xmlns:c=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><c:mi>γ</c:mi><c:mo>></c:mo><c:mn>1</c:mn></c:math>. The low annihilation cross sections required avoid cosmological constraints and imply no detectable inverse Compton, bremsstrahlung, or synchrotron emission in radio, x- and <e:math xmlns:e=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><e:mi>γ</e:mi></e:math> rays. The possible connection with the source of the unexplained 511 keV line emission in the Galactic Center suggests that both observations could be correlated and have a common origin. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20069,"journal":{"name":"Physical review letters","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143590169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Florian Kluibenschedl, Georgios M. Koutentakis, Ragheed Alhyder, Mikhail Lemeshko
{"title":"Domain-Wall Ferroelectric Polarons in a Two-Dimensional Rotor Lattice Model","authors":"Florian Kluibenschedl, Georgios M. Koutentakis, Ragheed Alhyder, Mikhail Lemeshko","doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.134.096302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.134.096302","url":null,"abstract":"We demonstrate the formation of ferroelectric domain-wall polarons in a minimal two-dimensional lattice model of electrons interacting with rotating dipoles. Along the domain wall, the rotors polarize in opposite directions, causing the electron to localize along a particular lattice direction. The rotor-electron coupling is identified as the origin of a structural instability in the crystal that leads to the domain-wall formation via a symmetry-breaking process. Our results provide the first theoretical description of ferroelectric polarons, as discussed in the context of soft semiconductors. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20069,"journal":{"name":"Physical review letters","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143575360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anjun Chu, Victor J Martínez-Lahuerta, Maya Miklos, Kyungtae Kim, Peter Zoller, Klemens Hammerer, Jun Ye, Ana Maria Rey
{"title":"Exploring the Dynamical Interplay between Mass-Energy Equivalence, Interactions, and Entanglement in an Optical Lattice Clock.","authors":"Anjun Chu, Victor J Martínez-Lahuerta, Maya Miklos, Kyungtae Kim, Peter Zoller, Klemens Hammerer, Jun Ye, Ana Maria Rey","doi":"10.1103/PhysRevLett.134.093201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.134.093201","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We propose protocols that probe manifestations of the mass-energy equivalence in an optical lattice clock interrogated with spin coherent and entangled quantum states. To tune and uniquely distinguish the mass-energy equivalence effects (gravitational redshift and second-order Doppler shift) in such a setting, we devise a dressing protocol using an additional nuclear spin state. We then analyze the dynamical interplay between photon-mediated interactions and gravitational redshift and show that such interplay can lead to entanglement generation and frequency synchronization dynamics. In the regime where all atomic spins synchronize, we show the synchronization time depends on the initial entanglement of the state and can be used as a proxy of its metrological gain compared to a classical state. Our work opens new possibilities for exploring the effects of general relativity on quantum coherence and entanglement in optical lattice clock experiments.</p>","PeriodicalId":20069,"journal":{"name":"Physical review letters","volume":"134 9","pages":"093201"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143700835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ray D Chang, Nana Shumiya, Russell A McLellan, Yifan Zhang, Matthew P Bland, Faranak Bahrami, Junsik Mun, Chenyu Zhou, Kim Kisslinger, Guangming Cheng, Basil M Smitham, Alexander C Pakpour-Tabrizi, Nan Yao, Yimei Zhu, Mingzhao Liu, Robert J Cava, Sarang Gopalakrishnan, Andrew A Houck, Nathalie P de Leon
{"title":"Eliminating Surface Oxides of Superconducting Circuits with Noble Metal Encapsulation.","authors":"Ray D Chang, Nana Shumiya, Russell A McLellan, Yifan Zhang, Matthew P Bland, Faranak Bahrami, Junsik Mun, Chenyu Zhou, Kim Kisslinger, Guangming Cheng, Basil M Smitham, Alexander C Pakpour-Tabrizi, Nan Yao, Yimei Zhu, Mingzhao Liu, Robert J Cava, Sarang Gopalakrishnan, Andrew A Houck, Nathalie P de Leon","doi":"10.1103/PhysRevLett.134.097001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.134.097001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The lifetime of superconducting qubits is limited by dielectric loss, and a major source of dielectric loss is the native oxide present at the surface of the superconducting metal. Specifically, tantalum-based superconducting qubits have been demonstrated with record lifetimes, but a major source of loss is the presence of two-level systems in the surface tantalum oxide. Here, we demonstrate a strategy for avoiding oxide formation by encapsulating the tantalum with noble metals that do not form native oxide. By depositing a few nanometers of Au or AuPd alloy before breaking vacuum, we completely suppress tantalum oxide formation. Microwave loss measurements of superconducting resonators reveal that the noble metal is proximitized, with a superconducting gap over 80% of the bare tantalum at thicknesses where the oxide is fully suppressed. Our findings suggest that losses in resonators fabricated by subtractive etching are dominated by oxides on the sidewalls, pointing to total surface encapsulation by additive fabrication as a promising strategy for eliminating surface oxide two-level system loss in superconducting qubits.</p>","PeriodicalId":20069,"journal":{"name":"Physical review letters","volume":"134 9","pages":"097001"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143701196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Weijian Chen, Maryam Abbasi, Serra Erdamar, Jacob Muldoon, Yogesh N Joglekar, Kater W Murch
{"title":"Engineering Nonequilibrium Steady States through Floquet Liouvillians.","authors":"Weijian Chen, Maryam Abbasi, Serra Erdamar, Jacob Muldoon, Yogesh N Joglekar, Kater W Murch","doi":"10.1103/PhysRevLett.134.090402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.134.090402","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We experimentally study the transient dynamics of a dissipative superconducting qubit under periodic drive toward its nonequilibrium steady states. The corresponding stroboscopic evolution, given by the qubit states at times equal to integer multiples of the drive period, is determined by a (generically non-Hermitian) Floquet Liouvillian. The drive period controls both the transients across its non-Hermitian degeneracies and the resulting nonequilibrium steady states. These steady states can exhibit higher purity compared to those achieved with a constant drive. We further study the dependence of the steady states on the direction of parameter variation and relate these findings to the recent studies of dynamically encircling exceptional points. Our Letter provides a new approach to control non-Hermiticity in dissipative quantum systems and presents a new paradigm in quantum state preparation and stabilization.</p>","PeriodicalId":20069,"journal":{"name":"Physical review letters","volume":"134 9","pages":"090402"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143701197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cory Hargus, Alhad Deshpande, Ahmad K Omar, Kranthi K Mandadapu
{"title":"Flux Hypothesis for Odd Transport Phenomena.","authors":"Cory Hargus, Alhad Deshpande, Ahmad K Omar, Kranthi K Mandadapu","doi":"10.1103/PhysRevLett.134.097105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.134.097105","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Onsager's regression hypothesis makes a fundamental connection between macroscopic transport phenomena and the average relaxation of spontaneous microscopic fluctuations. This relaxation, however, is agnostic to odd transport phenomena, in which fluxes run orthogonal to the gradients driving them. To account for odd transport, we generalize the regression hypothesis, postulating that macroscopic linear constitutive laws are, on average, obeyed by microscopic fluctuations, whether they contribute to relaxation or not. From this \"flux hypothesis,\" Green-Kubo and reciprocal relations follow, elucidating the separate roles of broken time-reversal and parity symmetries underlying various odd transport coefficients. As an application, we derive and verify the Green-Kubo relation for odd collective diffusion in chiral active matter, first in an analytically tractable model and subsequently through molecular dynamics simulations of concentrated active spinners.</p>","PeriodicalId":20069,"journal":{"name":"Physical review letters","volume":"134 9","pages":"097105"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143700768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H J Elmers, O Tkach, Y Lytvynenko, P Yogi, M Schmitt, D Biswas, J Liu, S V Chernov, Quynh Nguyen, M Hoesch, D Kutnyakhov, N Wind, L Wenthaus, M Scholz, K Rossnagel, A Gloskovskii, C Schlueter, A Winkelmann, A-A Haghighirad, T-L Lee, M Sing, R Claessen, M Le Tacon, J Demsar, G Schönhense, O Fedchenko
{"title":"Chirality in the Kagome Metal CsV_{3}Sb_{5}.","authors":"H J Elmers, O Tkach, Y Lytvynenko, P Yogi, M Schmitt, D Biswas, J Liu, S V Chernov, Quynh Nguyen, M Hoesch, D Kutnyakhov, N Wind, L Wenthaus, M Scholz, K Rossnagel, A Gloskovskii, C Schlueter, A Winkelmann, A-A Haghighirad, T-L Lee, M Sing, R Claessen, M Le Tacon, J Demsar, G Schönhense, O Fedchenko","doi":"10.1103/PhysRevLett.134.096401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.134.096401","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Using x-ray photoelectron diffraction (XPD) and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, we study photoemission intensity changes related to changes in the geometric and electronic structure in the kagome metal CsV_{3}Sb_{5} upon transition to an unconventional charge density wave (CDW) state. The XPD patterns reveal the presence of a chiral atomic structure in the CDW phase. Furthermore, using circularly polarized x-rays, we have found a pronounced nontrivial circular dichroism in the angular distribution of the valence band photoemission in the CDW phase, indicating a chirality of the electronic structure. This observation is consistent with the proposed orbital loop current order. In view of a negligible spontaneous Kerr signal in recent magneto-optical studies, the results suggest an antiferromagnetic coupling of the orbital magnetic moments along the c axis. While the inherent structural chirality may also induce circular dichroism, the observed asymmetry values seem to be too large in the case of the weak structural distortions caused by the CDW.</p>","PeriodicalId":20069,"journal":{"name":"Physical review letters","volume":"134 9","pages":"096401"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143701161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effective Grand Canonical Description of Condensation in Negative-Temperature Regimes.","authors":"Stefano Iubini, Antonio Politi","doi":"10.1103/PhysRevLett.134.097102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.134.097102","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The observation of negative-temperature states in the localized phase of the discrete nonlinear Schrödinger equation has challenged statistical mechanics for a long time. For isolated systems, they can emerge as stationary extended states through a large-deviation mechanism occurring for finite sizes, while they are formally unstable in grand canonical setups, being associated to an unlimited growth of the condensed fraction. Here, we show that negative-temperature states in open setups are metastable and their lifetime τ is exponentially long with the temperature, τ≈exp(λ|T|) (for T<0). A general expression for λ is obtained in the case of a simplified stochastic model of noninteracting particles. In the discrete nonlinear Schrödinger model, the presence of an adiabatic invariant makes λ even larger because of the resulting freezing of the breather dynamics. This mechanism, based on the existence of two conservation laws, provides a new perspective over the statistical description of condensation processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":20069,"journal":{"name":"Physical review letters","volume":"134 9","pages":"097102"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143701195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S McKay, V O de Haan, J Leiner, S R Parnell, R M Dalgliesh, P Boeni, L J Bannenberg, Q Le Thien, D V Baxter, G Ortiz, R Pynn
{"title":"Observation of a Giant Goos-Hänchen Shift for Matter Waves.","authors":"S McKay, V O de Haan, J Leiner, S R Parnell, R M Dalgliesh, P Boeni, L J Bannenberg, Q Le Thien, D V Baxter, G Ortiz, R Pynn","doi":"10.1103/PhysRevLett.134.093803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.134.093803","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Goos-Hänchen (GH) shift describes a phenomenon in which a specularly reflected beam is translated along the reflecting surface such that the incident and reflected rays no longer intersect at the surface. Using a neutron spin-echo technique and a specially designed magnetic multilayer mirror, we have measured the relative phase between the reflected up and down neutron spin states in total reflection. The relative GH shift calculated from this phase shows a strong resonant enhancement at a particular incident neutron wave vector, which is due to a waveguiding effect in one of the magnetic layers. Calculations based on the observed phase difference between the neutron states indicate a propagation distance along the waveguide layer of 0.65 mm for the spin-down state, which we identify with the magnitude of the giant GH shift. The existence of a physical GH shift is confirmed by the observation of neutron absorption in the waveguide layer. We propose ways in which our experimental method may be exploited for neutron quantum-enhanced sensing of thin magnetic layers.</p>","PeriodicalId":20069,"journal":{"name":"Physical review letters","volume":"134 9","pages":"093803"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143701231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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