Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements最新文献

{"title":"Ultrasound-assisted facile synthesis of tin sulfide (SnS) nanostructures and their structural, optical, and morphological studies","authors":"Vijay Kumar ,&nbsp;Y. C. Goswami","doi":"10.1080/10426507.2025.2484771","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10426507.2025.2484771","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, we report the synthesis of tin sulfide (SnS) nanostructures <em>via</em> an ultrasonic-assisted sol<strong>–</strong>gel method, varying sulfur concentrations through different thiourea ratios. The formation of these nanostructures was confirmed through X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, and optical analysis. The SnS nanostructures exhibited a polycrystalline orthorhombic structure. The crystallite size of sample D1 was estimated at 3.30 nm, while increasing the molar concentration of thiourea in samples D2 and D3 resulted in reduced crystallite sizes of 3.14 nm and 3.08 nm, respectively. This size reduction suggests that thiourea plays a critical role in the nucleation and growth process during synthesis, where higher thiourea concentrations increase nucleation sites by providing excess of sulfur ions, thereby limiting crystallite growth. SEM images revealed that ultrasonic waves induce the transformation of disordered particle orientations into well-ordered nanospheres. The particle size consistently decreased with higher thiourea concentrations, forming larger clusters as individual particles aggregated into defined spherical structures. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) confirmed the presence of Sn and S in the nanostructures, while Raman spectroscopy showed vibrational modes at 214 and 315 cm⁻¹, indicating the successful formation of SnS nanostructures. Optical transmission studies revealed that the ultrasound-assisted SnS nanostructures possess a direct bandgap ranging from 1.85 to 1.87 eV, which falls within the visible light region. The bandgap variation with increasing thiourea concentration highlights the potential of these nanostructures for photovoltaic applications, offering improved conversion efficiency. Overall, the ultrasound-assisted synthesis route demonstrates significant promise for producing SnS nanostructures with tailored optical properties suitable for energy-related applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20056,"journal":{"name":"Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements","volume":"200 4","pages":"Pages 405-412"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143874178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis, antifungal and antibacterial evaluation of trifluoromethylpyrimidine derivatives containing 1,3,4-thiadiazole and 1,2,4-triazole thioether moieties","authors":"Jian-Song An ,&nbsp;Shu-Hui Hu ,&nbsp;Hai-Jiang Chen ,&nbsp;Qiang Fei ,&nbsp;Wen-Neng Wu","doi":"10.1080/10426507.2025.2481121","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10426507.2025.2481121","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, twentythree trifluoromethylpyrimidine derivatives containing 1,3,4-thiadiazole and 1,2,4-triazole thioether moieties were designed and synthesized. These compounds were confirmed structurally through IR,¹H NMR,¹³C NMR, and HRMS analyses. Bioassay results revealed that some of the synthesized compounds exhibited higher antifungal activity compared to commercial drug. Particularly, compounds <strong>7s</strong> and <strong>7t</strong> demonstrated antifungal rates of 80.13% and 81.70% against <em>Sclerotinia sclerotiorum</em> at 50 <em>μ</em>g/mL, outperforming the control agent Pyrimethanil (68.39%). Furthermore, their EC₅₀ values of 14.68 and 13.06 <em>μ</em>g/mL, respectively, were better than that of Pyrimethanil (46.94 <em>μ</em>g/mL). These findings suggest that compounds <strong>7s</strong> and <strong>7t</strong> hold promise for future drug development due to their efficient synthesis and notable biological activities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20056,"journal":{"name":"Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements","volume":"200 4","pages":"Pages 372-382"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143874181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding of the behavior of Al8P8 double-nanoring for detecting alkenes and alkynes: a DFT insight","authors":"Reza Ghiasi ,&nbsp;Mohammad Nikbakht","doi":"10.1080/10426507.2025.2479770","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10426507.2025.2479770","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the adsorption of alkenes (ethylene, propene, 1-butene, <em>cis</em>-2-butene and <em>trans</em>-2-butene) and alkynes (acetylene, propyne, 1-butyne, and 2-butyne) on Al₈P₈ double-nanoring at LC-ωPBE/6-311G(d,p) level of theory. Corrected adoption energy values between the two fragments were evaluated. Adsorption influence on the molecular orbital results was provided and compared with free double-nanoring. Charge displacement curves (CDC) of the studied systems were provided for the characterization of the sections wherever electron density is enhanced and reduced after the interaction has occurred. Recovery time, sensor response, and selectivity coefficient of the adsorption process were evaluated. Computed electrophilicity-based charge transfer (ECT) values illustrated charge flows between the two fragments. Interaction between the two fragments was exemplified by QTAIM analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20056,"journal":{"name":"Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements","volume":"200 4","pages":"Pages 358-371"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143874175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural characteristics of phosphorylated cotton prepared by gas-phase procedure","authors":"Irada Buniyat-zadeh ,&nbsp;Mustafa Soylak ,&nbsp;Solmaz Aliyeva ,&nbsp;Nurlana Binnetova ,&nbsp;Naila Guliyeva ,&nbsp;Sinan Turp ,&nbsp;Rasim Alosmanov","doi":"10.1080/10426507.2025.2483814","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10426507.2025.2483814","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study reports the synthesis of phosphorylated cotton fiber (Ph-CF) <em>via</em> a gas-phase oxidative chlorophosphorylation reaction. The process improved the crystallinity and thermal properties of raw cotton fibers (R-CF). Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the formation of phosphorus-containing groups, while UV-visible spectroscopy revealed increased UV absorption. X-ray diffraction showed increased crystallinity for Ph-CF, with a crystallinity index (Segal method) of 81.41% versus 41.05% for R-CF, which was attributed to the removal of amorphous components. The thermogravimetric analysis demonstrated enhanced thermal stability for Ph-CF, with a char yield of 38% at 560 °C compared to 20% for R-CF. Scanning electron microscopy revealed noticeable changes in surface morphology, including smoother and more compact fiber surfaces after modification. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy confirmed the incorporation of phosphorus into the fiber structure, with a measured phosphorus content of 2.27% in Ph-CF. The oxidative chlorophosphorylation reaction in the gas phase induced deeper chemical transformations than a similar liquid-phase process, as evidenced by enhanced crystallinity and structural modifications. These results indicate the potential of gas-phase oxidative chlorophosphorylation for functionalizing cotton with improved properties for advanced applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20056,"journal":{"name":"Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements","volume":"200 4","pages":"Pages 396-404"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143874176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of ammonium sulfate crystallization under sodium fluoride based on response surface method","authors":"Changle Tian ,&nbsp;Bangfu Huang ,&nbsp;Zhe Shi ,&nbsp;Linjing Yang ,&nbsp;Gaoyong Zi ,&nbsp;Xinchao Fan ,&nbsp;Jingyi Zhao","doi":"10.1080/10426507.2025.2479718","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10426507.2025.2479718","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In order to investigate the crystallization mechanism of (NH₄)₂SO₄ under the action of NaF, this paper adopts the laser method to determine the solubility and the width of the metastable zone of (NH₄)₂SO₄ under different NaF addition amount, and then designs the experiments through the response surface method to study the mechanism of the influence of NaF addition amount, pH value and stirring rate and their interactions on the amount of crystallization and the average size of (NH₄)₂SO₄ and to set up their regression models. It is shown that the salting-out effect and hydrogen bonding lead to a decrease in the solubility of (NH₄)₂SO₄ and the occupation of active growth sites by NaF, which leads to an increase in the crystal nucleation the (NH₄)₂SO₄ metastable zone. Three factors have a significant effect on both the crystallization amount and the average particle size of (NH₄)₂SO₄. On the crystallization amount the influence order is: stirring rate &gt; pH value &gt; NaF addition amount, and on the average particle size the influence order is: stirring rate &gt; NaF addition amount &gt; pH value. Because of the collision of solutes with the stirring paddle and crystallizer during the stirring process, secondary nucleation occurs, so the stirring rate significantly affects the amount of crystallization and the average particle size. Through the optimization, the NaF addition of 0.4%, pH value of 5.71 and stirring rate of 329.82 rmp were obtained, and the error between the theoretical and experimental validation values under these conditions was small, which indicated that the model had high reliability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20056,"journal":{"name":"Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements","volume":"200 4","pages":"Pages 345-357"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143874177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Silicon’s defensive role against biotic and abiotic stress: a review","authors":"Sehla Khursheed ,&nbsp;Sana Bashir Surma ,&nbsp;Abdel Rahman Mohammad Al Tawaha ,&nbsp;Mehraj D. Shah ,&nbsp;Bilal A. Padder ,&nbsp;Baseerat Afroza ,&nbsp;Rizwan Rashid ,&nbsp;Abdel Razzaq Al-Tawaha","doi":"10.1080/10426507.2025.2482090","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10426507.2025.2482090","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Silicon enhances developmental processes and controls the enzymatic and functional properties of plants. It is considered a quasi-element in the earth’s crust, absorbed and translocated to aerial parts through transpiration. Silicon reduces various plant stress conditions, with plants displaying both direct and indirect defensive mechanisms. Indirect defense involves the release of volatiles that attract the pathogen’s natural enemies, while morphological, biochemical, and molecular impediments constitute direct defense. Both mechanisms are strengthened by silicon treatment. Silicon enhances the polymerization of silicic acid in intercellular spaces and beneath cuticles as phytoliths, establishing a defense against pathogens. Silicon activates multiple pathways, encouraging the accumulation of supplementary metabolites, thereby enhancing plant defenses against abiotic and biotic challenges. It also contributes significantly to defensive mechanisms mediated by phytohormones. Studies show that silicon positively affects plants during severe stress by modifying several metabolites. Phytohormones are essential to crop plants’ biochemical and physiological functions under unfavorable environmental circumstances. Frontline phytohormones, such as auxin, cytokinin, ethylene, gibberellin, salicylic acid, abscisic acid, brassinosteroids, and jasmonic acid regulate abiotic stress tolerance pathways intrinsically linked with silicon. This review highlights silicon’s functionality in various biotic and abiotic stresses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20056,"journal":{"name":"Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements","volume":"200 4","pages":"Pages 325-344"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143874179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of crystallization temperature, stirring rate, and pH on the crystallization of ammonium sulfate in the presence of calcium sulfate","authors":"Xinchao Fan ,&nbsp;Bangfu Huang ,&nbsp;Gaoyong Zi ,&nbsp;Zhe Shi ,&nbsp;Linjing Yang ,&nbsp;Liubin Luo ,&nbsp;Fu Yuan ,&nbsp;Keying Zhu ,&nbsp;Daoping Zhan","doi":"10.1080/10426507.2025.2482879","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10426507.2025.2482879","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article investigated the effects of crystallization temperature, stirring rate, and pH on the crystallization of ammonium sulfate (NH₄)₂SO₄) mother liquor containing calcium sulfate (CaSO₄). This study measured the metastable zone width, average particle size, and coefficient of variation of (NH₄)₂SO₄ after CaSO₄ was added. CaSO₄ was found to cover the active nucleation sites of (NH₄)₂SO₄, leading to a widening of the metastable zone. The increase in crystallization temperature increased the rate of molecular thermal movement, resulting in a narrowing of the metastable zone. The increase in stirring rate accelerated solute diffusion; thus, the metastable zone width became narrower. When the stirring rate was 250 rpm, crystals with a large average size were obtained, which was conducive to solid-liquid separation. The decrease in pH caused the solution viscosity to increase; thus, the metastable zone width decreased. When the pH was 4.5, crystallization could be controlled within a better metastable zone width, and burst nucleation did not occur easily, which resulted in the formation of regular-shaped crystals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20056,"journal":{"name":"Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements","volume":"200 4","pages":"Pages 383-395"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143874180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sulfur: –redefining versatility in crop protection and production","authors":"Sujoy Saha (Conceptualization Resources Writing – review & editing) ,&nbsp;Shital Pawar (Methodology Writing – original draft) ,&nbsp;Nutan Napte (Methodology Writing – original draft)","doi":"10.1080/10426507.2025.2477176","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10426507.2025.2477176","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sulfur (S) is the fourth vital nutrient for the growth, health and development of plants. It plays a key role in the structure of proteins, the function of enzymes, in photosynthesis and the defence of plants against stresses, diseases and pests, as also in the keeping quality of produce. A wide range of recently developed sulfur-containing agrochemicals, constitute a distinct class of chemical compounds with novel modes of action. Over 30% of today’s agrochemicals, mostly fungicides, acaricides, and insecticides, contain at least one sulfur atom in different forms. Sulfur has a plethora of attributes in enhancing crop productivity with a simultaneous robust role in protecting the quality produce. This article, is an attempt to summarize the available scattered literature on the aforementioned aspects and highlights. The objective of this review is to provide an update on recent findings related to these subjects, the versatile domains of sulfur, vis-à-vis the role of different input organizations in fostering the molecule against various diseases of crops.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20056,"journal":{"name":"Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements","volume":"200 3","pages":"Pages 181-196"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143834787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visible-light induced oxidation of thiols to disulfides using fluorescein as a metal free catalyst","authors":"Pritesh Khobrekar ,&nbsp;Sandesh Bugde","doi":"10.1080/10426507.2025.2467437","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10426507.2025.2467437","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, we describe a mild, affordable, and visible-light-mediated oxidative coupling of thiols to the corresponding disulfides utilizing a commercially available, metal-free photocatalyst. Herein, we demonstrate the use of fluorescein as a photoredox catalyst for visible-light-driven oxidative coupling of thiols to disulfides. The use of ammonium thiocyanate as an oxidant, mild reaction conditions, and a wide range of substrates suggest that this technology is feasible for disulfide synthesis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20056,"journal":{"name":"Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements","volume":"200 3","pages":"Pages 268-273"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143834786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of new phenolic-containing hydroxyacyl probe and its colorimetric fluorescence detection of S2-","authors":"Xiaohua Cai ,&nbsp;Benyue Yao ,&nbsp;Mei Han ,&nbsp;Le Liang ,&nbsp;Xiaohong Li ,&nbsp;Yanli Leng","doi":"10.1080/10426507.2025.2465796","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10426507.2025.2465796","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The excessive S^2- can lead to a variety of serious physiological diseases, so the quickly detection of S^2- is of great significance for human. In this paper, a new simple and easily probe <strong>Y</strong> was designed and synthesized with hydrazine and substituted salicylaldehyde. It can detect S^2- with good performance in a highly water contain solution (DMSO/H₂O, v/<em>v</em> = 1/9), both colorimetric and fluorescence spectroscopy have obvious changes after adding 50-folds of S^2-, and other common fifteen anions have almost no influence in the detection. The detection limit and complexation constant were calculated using fluorescence titration data to be 3.88 μmol/L and 3.68×10⁶ L/mol, respectively. Job’s plot experiment showed that the binding ratio of the host with S^2- is <strong>1:1</strong>. The NMR titration was employed to verify the recognition mechanism, three protons in two hydroxyl groups (-OH) and one imine (-NH) are disappeared after adding excessive S^2-, which shown that probe <strong>Y</strong> undergo a deprotonation process. Preliminary application experiments show that probe <strong>Y</strong> can detect S^2- in water samples and soil.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20056,"journal":{"name":"Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements","volume":"200 3","pages":"Pages 261-267"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143834982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}