Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements最新文献

{"title":"A computational analysis on boron nitride nanosheet functionalization with 2-thiouracil drug: effects of Al- and Ga‑doping on the adsorption process","authors":"Fahimeh Alirezapour (Writing – original draft Writing – review & editing) ,&nbsp;Fatemeh Sadat Tahami (Data curation Formal analysis) ,&nbsp;Kourosh Bamdad (Validation Visualization) ,&nbsp;Azadeh Khanmohammadi (Writing – review & editing) ,&nbsp;Somayeh Soleimani-Amiri (Formal analysis Methodology Software)","doi":"10.1080/10426507.2026.2612736","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10426507.2026.2612736","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, pristine boron nitride nanosheet and those doped with aluminum and gallium (denoted BNNS, BAlNNS, and BGaNNS, respectively) were investigated as potential substrates for the adsorption of the 2-thiouracil (2TU) drug. Intermolecular interactions were characterized using various wavefunction-based methods, including atoms-in-molecules (AIM) and natural bond orbital (NBO) analyses, within the framework of density functional theory (DFT). The results indicate that 2TU undergoes chemical adsorption on all nanosheets. Adsorption is slightly stronger in aqueous solution compared with the gas phase. Consequently, pristine BN nanosheet is a suitable vehicle for 2TU drug delivery, whereas Al- and Ga-doped BN nanosheets can serve as effective adsorbents for removing excess 2TU from environmental systems. The calculated band gap energies (or work functions) for pristine, Al-doped, and Ga-doped BN nanosheets are 6.58 eV (or 3.24 eV), 5.66 eV (or 3.67 eV), and 5.20 eV (or 3.90 eV), respectively. Adsorption of 2TU leads to a notable decrease in band gaps and an increase in work functions for all three nanosheet types, suggesting that they can function as sensors for 2TU, based on changes in electronic conductivity and work function.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20056,"journal":{"name":"Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements","volume":"201 4","pages":"Pages 476-492"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147826743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metal ion selectivity feature and synthesis of axially bis(3-(1,1-diphenylethoxy)propanoate) substitute silicon phthalocyanine","authors":"Mehmet Salih Ağırtaş (Conceptualization Data curation Formal analysis Investigation Project administration Validation Writing – review & editing) ,&nbsp;Derya Güngördü Solğun (Conceptualization Data curation Investigation Software Validation Visualization)","doi":"10.1080/10426507.2025.2596812","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10426507.2025.2596812","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, first 3-(1,1-diphenylethoxy) propionic acid was obtained from the reaction of 1,1-diphenylethanol and 3-chloropropionic acid. Bis(3-(1,1-diphenylethoxy) propanoate) silicon phthalocyanine was obtained from the reaction of 3-(1,1-diphenylethoxy) propionic acid with SiPcCl₂. The newly prepared compounds were characterized by ¹H NMR, FT-IR, mass spectrometry and UV-vis spectroscopy. The singlet oxygen quantum yield for silicon phthalocyanine, which has the potential to be a photosensitizer, was determined as 0.13 by chemical method. Finally, metal ion selectivity of bis(3-(1,1-diphenylethoxy) propanoate) silicon phthalocyanine was determined by UV absorption spectroscopy. A total of 11 metal ions (Mg²⁺, Mn²⁺, Na⁺, Ni²⁺, Zn²⁺, Fe³⁺, Ba²⁺, Cd²⁺, Cu²⁺, Co²⁺, and Ag⁺) were used for testing. Of these metal ions, only the Fe³⁺ ion was selectively determined.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20056,"journal":{"name":"Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements","volume":"201 4","pages":"Pages 409-415"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147826710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis and biological activity of thiasporine A derivatives","authors":"Yong Hu (Investigation) ,&nbsp;Xiaojun Zhang (Data curation Investigation) ,&nbsp;Zhou Wen (Investigation) ,&nbsp;Xuyang Zhang (Investigation Methodology) ,&nbsp;Weiwei Huang (Investigation) ,&nbsp;Kui Hu (Funding acquisition Supervision) ,&nbsp;Xiang Zhu (Conceptualization Project administration Supervision Writing – original draft Writing – review & editing) ,&nbsp;Junkai Li (Conceptualization Project administration Writing – original draft)","doi":"10.1080/10426507.2025.2607527","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10426507.2025.2607527","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plant diseases, caused by plant pathogens, result in significant economic losses to agricultural production annually. To develop novel fungicides for plant disease control, a series of thiasporine A derivatives were synthesized from substituted nitriles as starting materials. Their chemical structures were characterized and confirmed by ¹H NMR,¹³C NMR and HRMS analyses. The antifungal activity against five major phytopathogenic fungi and antibacterial activity against two destructive plant-pathogenic bacteria were evaluated. The bioassay results revealed that compounds D8, and D9 demonstrated highly significant inhibitory activity against <em>S. sclerotiorum</em> at a concentration of 50 µg/mL, with EC₅₀ values of 0.82 and 1.50 µg/mL, outperforming the natural product thiasporine A (EC₅₀ = 78.18 µg/mL). Furthermore, derivative <strong>C7</strong> showed the most potent antibacterial activity against <em>Xoc</em>, with an inhibition rate of 81.36%, which was significantly higher than that of TC (24.72%). The preliminary structure-activity relationships were discussed and provided valuable insights for the further structural optimization of thiasporine A.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20056,"journal":{"name":"Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements","volume":"201 4","pages":"Pages 457-463"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147826741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimized synthesis of novel C2-substituted benzo[b]thiophene derivatives via Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling and investigation of their biological activities","authors":"Gunel Aliyeva (Investigation Methodology Writing – original draft Writing – review & editing) ,&nbsp;Gultakin Mehraliyeva (Investigation) ,&nbsp;Zehra Banu Ünlü (Software) ,&nbsp;Aygun Israyilova (Investigation) ,&nbsp;Ulviyya Hasanova (Conceptualization Supervision)","doi":"10.1080/10426507.2025.2605091","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10426507.2025.2605091","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The paper presents the synthesis of benzo[b]thiophene derivatives with a sulfur-containing heterocyclic skeleton <em>via</em> the Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reaction, process optimization, and investigation of their biological activity. The structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry. The yield was increased by using the most commonly used types of base, solvent, and catalyst. As a result of the studies, the best yield was observed with the Cs₂CO₃ base, the THF/H₂O solvent mixture, and the Pd(OAc)₂ + SPhos catalyst system. The synthesized molecules were evaluated for antibacterial activity against four clinical isolates (<em>S. epidermidis</em>, <em>S. aureus</em>, <em>E. coli</em>, and <em>K. pneumoniae</em>). Compound G1 exhibited potent antibacterial activity against Gram-positive strains, with MIC values of 32 μg/mL (<em>S. epidermidis</em>) and 64 µg/mL (<em>S. aureus</em>), superior to ampicillin. In order to predict the binding modes and interaction profiles of the compounds with the selected biological targets, molecular docking analyses were conducted using computational modeling approaches. SAR analysis was performed to assess the impact of structural changes on biological activity. These findings highlight the potential of benzo[b]thiophene scaffolds as privileged structures for diversity-driven synthesis and bioactivity-driven library design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20056,"journal":{"name":"Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements","volume":"201 3","pages":"Pages 337-348"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147570559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Silicon attenuates aluminum toxicity in young sugarcane by regulating enzymatic antioxidant capacity and osmolyte accumulation","authors":"Gilmar da Silveira Sousa Junior (Conceptualization Data curation Formal analysis Funding acquisition Investigation Methodology Project administration Supervision Validation Writing – original draft Writing – review & editing) ,&nbsp;Alexander Calero Hurtado (Formal analysis Funding acquisition Investigation Validation Writing – original draft Writing – review & editing) ,&nbsp;Mirela Vantini Checchio (Investigation Methodology Resources Software Validation Visualization) ,&nbsp;Milena Silva Garcia Palma (Investigation Methodology Supervision Writing – review & editing) ,&nbsp;Priscila Lupino Gratão (Investigation Methodology Supervision Validation Writing – review & editing) ,&nbsp;Durvalina Maria Mathias dos Santos (Conceptualization Data curation Investigation Methodology Project administration Supervision Validation Writing – review & editing)","doi":"10.1080/10426507.2025.2586804","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10426507.2025.2586804","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Silicon (Si) supplementation can be a viable and friendly strategy strongly recommended to decrease aluminum (Al) toxicity in plants. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the beneficial effect of Si on attenuating Al-induced stress in young sugarcane plants. Two-pot factorial (2 × 4) experiments were arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications used for each sugarcane cultivar (‘CTC9002’ and ‘CTC9003′). The treatments included two levels of silicon supplementation (0 and 2 mM) and four aluminum concentrations (0, 10, 15, and 20 mM), which were assessed based on plant growth, biomarker production, enzymatic antioxidant activity, and osmolyte accumulation. Results indicated that Si supplementation improved the Al-stressed sugarcane growth due to decreasing the high levels of hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidation and by regulating antioxidant enzymatic capacity and osmolyte defense systems. Further, Si supplementation significantly improved the tolerance of the ‘CTC9003′ cultivar to Al-induced stress compared to ‘CTC9002’. Notably, our results strongly suggest that decreasing biomarker production, increasing enzymatic antioxidant activities, and regulating osmolyte accumulation by Si are associated with the detoxification of Al in sugarcane plants, indicating that supplying Si may be a key method for plants to cope with Al toxicity in acidic soils.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20056,"journal":{"name":"Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements","volume":"201 3","pages":"Pages 229-241"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147571025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A nanospherical phosphoric triamide for Ce(III) ion removal from aqueous solution: synthesis, extraction studies, mechanism, and theoretical insights into adsorption on IRMOF-16/CoFe2O4/PO nanocomposite","authors":"Mahtab Alipour (Formal analysis Investigation Writing – original draft) ,&nbsp;Niloufar Dorosti (Conceptualization Funding acquisition Project administration Supervision Writing – review & editing) ,&nbsp;Rahime Eshaghi Malekshah (Software Visualization Writing – original draft)","doi":"10.1080/10426507.2025.2591723","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10426507.2025.2591723","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nanospheres of a phosphoric triamide (<strong>PO</strong>) were prepared by a surfactant-free sonochemical approach in an ethanolic medium, resulting in particle sizes between 20–30 nm. These nanostructures were evaluated for their potential application in Ce(III) ions removal from aqueous solutions. For comparative analysis, the bulk form of the titled compound was also prepared. Both nano- and bulk-size materials were characterized using SEM‐EDS, XRD, Zeta potential, UV-Vis, NMR, FT‐IR spectroscopy, and elemental analyses. The extraction parameters were assessed by examining the effects of pH, various acids as stripping agents, diverse diluents, concentration of the extractant, duration of shaking, and the impact of different ions. Quantitative extraction was achieved with 9.8 × 10⁻³ M of the reagent in dichloromethane at pH 7 after 10 min of mechanical shaking. Further, Log-Log plot analysis and theoretical studies indicated a 2:1 stoichiometry ligand to metal in the extracted PO<strong>-</strong>Ce³⁺ complex. Thermodynamic studies indicated that the extraction was both exothermic and spontaneous process. Subsequently, molecular simulation studies employing Molecular Dynamics and Monte Carlo methods were carried out to examine Ce³⁺ adsorption behavior on an IRMOF-16/CoFe₂O₄/PO composite. The results highlight the potential of this nanostructured system for efficient Ce³⁺ ion removal, and contribute to the development of efficient wastewater treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20056,"journal":{"name":"Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements","volume":"201 3","pages":"Pages 242-262"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147571026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of thiazolidin-4-one derivatives via green imine intermediates catalyzed by Caralluma fimbriata","authors":"A. S. Shinde (Conceptualization Data curation Formal analysis Investigation Methodology Resources Validation Visualization Writing – original draft) ,&nbsp;C. D. Ingale (Formal analysis Writing – review & editing) ,&nbsp;D. Avasthi (Data curation Resources Writing – original draft) ,&nbsp;S. N. Shelke (Data curation Formal analysis Supervision) ,&nbsp;R. A. Kawale (Methodology Project administration Supervision Writing – review & editing) ,&nbsp;P. V. Badadhe (Investigation Methodology Project administration Supervision Validation Visualization Writing – review & editing)","doi":"10.1080/10426507.2025.2592366","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10426507.2025.2592366","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, we report a green and efficient method for the synthesis of aromatic imine intermediates <em>via</em> acid-catalyzed condensation of substituted aromatic amines and aldehyde using an ethanol extract of <em>Caralluma fimbriata</em> (Wall) as a natural bio-catalyst. The plant extract, which possesses a pH range of 4.57–5.0 and contains flavonoids, saponins, and phenolic acids, facilitated the imine formation in significantly reduced reaction time (10 min) and with high yield (up to 94%). This method represents an eco-friendly alternative to conventional acid-catalyzed condensations. The synthesized imines were further utilized in a conventional, catalyst-free reaction with thioglycolic acid to obtain 2,3-bis(2-chlorophenyl)thiazolidin-4-one derivatives. Structural confirmation was achieved using IR,¹H NMR, LC-MS, and melting point analysis. The work highlights the potential of <em>Caralluma fimbriata</em> as a viable green catalyst in heterocyclic precursor synthesis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20056,"journal":{"name":"Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements","volume":"201 3","pages":"Pages 272-277"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147571028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling phosphorus release kinetics in legacy P rich calcareous soil as influenced by different P-activators","authors":"Aswitha Kannan (Conceptualization Investigation Methodology Supervision Validation Visualization Writing – original draft) ,&nbsp;Manimaran Vellan (Writing – review & editing) ,&nbsp;Mageshen Veerapan (Writing – review & editing)","doi":"10.1080/10426507.2025.2593405","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10426507.2025.2593405","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phosphorus (P) is the major limiting nutrient in many agro-ecosystems. The mobility of phosphorus in a shallow subsurface is a matter of critical importance and considerable complexity. The rate of P release influences its availability in soil. The P-activators are effective in the release of inorganic P from legacy P stocks. The study investigated the effect of different P-activators viz., P-solubilisers (phosphorus solubilizing bacteria, phytase, oxalic acid, humic acid and lignin) and exchangers (biochar and zeolite) on the P-activation response and release rate of soil legacy phosphorus using four different kinetic models viz., parabolic diffusion, first order, second order and power function. The available P augmented from 0 to 100 hrs of incubation with an increase in release of P in initial 60 hrs. After 60 hrs upto 100 hrs, a slow release of P and after that an equilibrium in P release was reached in all set of treatments. The study of P-release kinetics was best fitted in parabolic diffusion model. The initial and final P release rate indices calculated from the slope of the equation ranged from 1.89 to 2.33 µg P g⁻¹ soil h⁻¹. Among all the treatment combinations, phytase application with biochar registered the higher rate of P release and P-activation response. The mean rate of P release from treatment at <em>t</em> = 80 h was about 32 times higher than the P release at <em>t</em> = 0 h. The study proved the efficiency of P-activators in increasing the release rate of legacy phosphorus from soil.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20056,"journal":{"name":"Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements","volume":"201 3","pages":"Pages 300-307"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147571030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visible-light mediated synthesis of bisthioglycolic acid derivatives via C-S bond formation complemented with DFT analysis","authors":"Gobind Kumar (Methodology Writing – original draft) ,&nbsp;Sarthak Sharma (Investigation) ,&nbsp;Garima Sharma (Data curation Formal analysis) ,&nbsp;Parvesh Singh (Software Writing – review & editing) ,&nbsp;Gaurav Bhargava (Visualization Writing – review & editing) ,&nbsp;Jaspreet Kaur Rajput (Data curation Validation Visualization Writing – review & editing) ,&nbsp;Rupesh Kumar (Conceptualization Project administration Writing – review & editing)","doi":"10.1080/10426507.2025.2594646","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10426507.2025.2594646","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An innovative methodology has been developed to facilitate C-S bond formation, pioneering the synthesis of bisthioglycolic acid derivatives. This C-S bond formation is pivotal in synthesizing sulfur-containing bioactive scaffolds. Harnessing visible light as a plentiful, cost-effective, and eco-friendly catalyst and sustainable energy source holds immense potential for driving environmentally sensible innovations and advancing green technologies. The present protocols represent the first example of visible light-induced synthesis of bisthioglycolic acid derivatives. The methodology offered remarkable advantages such as solvent- and catalyst-free, cost-effectiveness, operational simplicity, environmentally benign reaction conditions, and excellent yields. Additionally, the DFT studies explored the global chemical reactivity properties of the synthesized compounds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20056,"journal":{"name":"Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements","volume":"201 3","pages":"Pages 308-317"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147571031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis, spectral studies, solvent effect and on-off fluorescence of 1-benzyl-4-fluoro-2-phenyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole: Fe3+-induced quenching and reversal by H3PO4","authors":"K. Jayamoorthy (Conceptualization Formal analysis Funding acquisition Investigation Methodology Project administration Resources Supervision Validation Visualization Writing – original draft Writing – review & editing) ,&nbsp;P. Jayaprakash (Data curation) ,&nbsp;N. R. Rajagopalan (Formal analysis) ,&nbsp;S. Selvaraj (Software)","doi":"10.1080/10426507.2025.2595277","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10426507.2025.2595277","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>1-benzyl-4-fluoro-2-phenyl-1<em>H</em>-benzo[<em>d</em>]imidazole (BFPBI) was prepared and its identity was confirmed by ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy, Mass spectrometry and elemental analysis. A shift in the absorption bands of BFPBI was observed in different solvents. PL spectral study of BFPBI was conducted in various solvents; peak maxima shift to larger wavelengths when polarity is raised. BFPBI has the ability to function as a selective fluorescence sensor for the identification of the Fe³⁺ ion. Other tested ions, including Pb²⁺, Ni²⁺, Co²⁺, Cd²⁺, Zn²⁺, Mg²⁺and Ca²⁺ have not considerable influence on the fluorescence. Interestingly, fluorescence intensity was restored upon the addition of H₃PO₄, indicating a reversible fluorescence behavior. The fluorescence quenching is attributed to PET mechanism. The limit of detection for Fe³⁺ was determined to 5 × 10⁻⁵ M, confirming the high sensitivity. Other tested ions exhibited negligible interference, demonstrating high selectivity. A 1:1 stoichiometry was assumed, and the binding constant was calculated to 4.2 × 10³ M⁻¹ using the Benesi–Hildebrand model, indicating appreciable affinity for Fe³⁺. Investigation of the electric dipole moment and hyperpolarisability indicates that the imidazole derivative synthesized exhibits behavior of non-linear optics. This chromophore has a more suitable off-diagonal vs. diagonal tensorial component ratio that represents the anisotropy of in-plane non-linearity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20056,"journal":{"name":"Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements","volume":"201 3","pages":"Pages 318-327"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147571032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}