{"title":"Alignment of geophysical fields: A differential geometry perspective","authors":"Yicun Zhen , Valentin Resseguier , Bertrand Chapron","doi":"10.1016/j.physd.2025.134997","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physd.2025.134997","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To estimate the displacements of physical state variables, the physics principles that govern the state variables must be considered. Technically, for a certain class of state variables, each state variable is associated to a tensor field. Ways displacement maps act on different state variables will then differ according to their associated different tensor field definitions. Displacement procedures can then explicitly ensure the conservation of certain physical quantities (total mass, total vorticity, total kinetic energy, etc.), and a differential-geometry-based optimization formulated. Morphing with the correct physics, it is reasonable to apply the estimated displacement map to unobserved state variables, as long as the displacement maps are strongly correlated. This leads to a new nudging strategy using all-available observations to infer displacements of both observed and unobserved state variables. Using the proposed nudging method before applying ensemble data assimilation, numerical results show improved preservation of the intrinsic structure of underlying physical processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20050,"journal":{"name":"Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena","volume":"483 ","pages":"Article 134997"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145416424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hydrodynamic stability of convection in porous medium with chemical reaction effect and generalised boundary conditions","authors":"Sanaa L. Khalaf, Akil J. Harfash","doi":"10.1016/j.physd.2025.135007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physd.2025.135007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We study solutal convection in a Brinkman porous layer with generalised Robin boundary conditions for solute concentration and two-sided Navier slip for velocity. The linear onset threshold (<span><math><mrow><mi>R</mi><msub><mrow><mi>a</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>L</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span>) and the global energy threshold (<span><math><mrow><mi>R</mi><msub><mrow><mi>a</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>E</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span>) are determined using a new Chebyshev collocation algorithm coupled to a pseudoinverse–eigenvalue formulation and a golden–section search. Accuracy is assessed through residual evaluation, as no analytical solutions are available for this problem. The results reveal that the Brinkman coefficient <span><math><mi>λ</mi></math></span> exerts a nearly linear stabilising influence on both <span><math><mrow><mi>R</mi><msub><mrow><mi>a</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>L</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><mi>R</mi><msub><mrow><mi>a</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>E</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span>, while the slip coefficients <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>N</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>L</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> and <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>N</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>U</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> act asymmetrically to destabilise the system. In addition, the interaction between the reaction parameter <span><math><mi>ζ</mi></math></span> and the concentration ratio <span><math><mi>η</mi></math></span> produces non-monotonic shifts in the stability thresholds. These findings clarify how reaction, solute exchange, and interfacial slip reshape both linear and nonlinear stability boundaries in Brinkman porous media, and they establish a high-accuracy computational framework for analysing stability regimes relevant to reactive transport.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20050,"journal":{"name":"Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena","volume":"483 ","pages":"Article 135007"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145416514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Quadruplet form of water waves kinetic equation","authors":"V. Geogjaev","doi":"10.1016/j.physd.2025.134977","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physd.2025.134977","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We present the quadruplet form of the kinetic equation for deep water surface waves (the Hasselmann equation). This formulation explicitly utilizes quadruplets of interacting waves. We define the integration over the quadruplets and rewrite the interaction integral using this definition. We use our construction to study the kinetic equation, in particular, we calculate the Kolmogorov constants for the Zakharov–Filonenko spectra.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20050,"journal":{"name":"Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena","volume":"483 ","pages":"Article 134977"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145324842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carlo Giambiagi Ferrari, Francisco Guillén-González, Mayte Pérez-Llanos, Antonio Suárez
{"title":"A new mathematical model for cell motility with nonlocal repulsion from saturated areas","authors":"Carlo Giambiagi Ferrari, Francisco Guillén-González, Mayte Pérez-Llanos, Antonio Suárez","doi":"10.1016/j.physd.2025.134973","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physd.2025.134973","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The main purpose of this work is the mathematical modelling of large populations of cells under different deterministic interactions among themselves, in balance with random diffusion. We focus on cell–cell interaction mechanisms for a single population confined to an isolated domain. We derive a macroscopic mathematical model including a nonlocal saturation coefficient depending on a crowding capacity, as part of a nonlocal drift term. Then, this capacity acts as a threshold above which repulsion effects appear. This macroscopic model is approached using two different microscopic discrete models based on Eulerian or Lagrangian reference systems, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20050,"journal":{"name":"Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena","volume":"483 ","pages":"Article 134973"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145363002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On the Hamiltonian structure of the intrinsic evolution of a closed vortex sheet","authors":"Banavara N. Shashikanth","doi":"10.1016/j.physd.2025.134978","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physd.2025.134978","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Motivated by the work of previous authors on vortex sheets and their applications, the intrinsic inviscid evolution equations of a closed vortex sheet in a plane, separating two piecewise constant density fluids, and their Hamiltonian form are investigated. The model has potential applications to problems involving the dynamics of interfaces of two immiscible fluids. A boundary Poisson bracket, which appears to be new and related to the KdV bracket, is obtained containing the curve-tangential derivative <span><math><mrow><mi>∂</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>∂</mi><mi>s</mi></mrow></math></span>. Lagrangian invariants of the sheet motion by its self-induced velocity–the Cauchy principal value of the Biot–Savart integral–are also derived.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20050,"journal":{"name":"Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena","volume":"483 ","pages":"Article 134978"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145363003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Flexible evolution of flocking tracking for a nonlinear collective migration model with heterogeneous transmission delays","authors":"Yipeng Chen, Yicheng Liu, Xiao Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.physd.2025.134927","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physd.2025.134927","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Division of labour and cooperation in animal groups is an external manifestation of swarm intelligence, such as leaders and followers in collective migration of animals. In this paper, we propose a nonlinear multi-agent system named collective migration model and try to build a more realistic dynamic leader–follower structure that facilitates flexible evolution of flocking tracking. The model highlights individual heterogeneity, especially including heterogeneous transmission delays among agents and heterogeneous parameters called tracking strategies that establish a trade-off between alignment and tracking for each agent, and essentially determine the leader–follower structure of the system. By constructing dynamic upper bounds of velocity, setting tracking periods and partitioning state space, a time-varying tracking strategy vector is designed to produce a dynamic leader–follower structure in which the system has a flexible configuration and can achieve flocking tracking for any initial state. The increase of transmission delay prolongs the switching cycle of leader–follower structure, and decreases the convergence speed of the system. An algorithm of the tracking strategy vector and several numerical simulations are provided to verify our results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20050,"journal":{"name":"Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena","volume":"483 ","pages":"Article 134927"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145047384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Magnus exponential integrators for stiff time-varying stochastic systems","authors":"Dev Jasuja , P.J. Atzberger","doi":"10.1016/j.physd.2025.135034","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physd.2025.135034","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We introduce exponential numerical integration methods for handling stiff stochastic dynamical systems having time-varying dissipative operators and fluctuations. Time-dependence presents challenges for exponentiation to obtain tractable expressions for evaluation, especially when the dissipative operators do not commute in time. We introduce approaches based on statistical mechanics and Magnus expansions to obtain stochastic integration methods that exhibit fluctuation–dissipation balance and other properties that facilitate computations. We show how practical computational methods can be developed to approximate and evaluate the contributions of the resulting stochastic expressions. We demonstrate our methods on several examples, including time-varying SDEs that arise in particle simulations and for SPDEs that model fluctuations in concentration fields of spatially-extended systems. Our introduced approaches provide methods for preserving statistical structures and other properties to obtain exponential numerical integrators for handling stiffness in time-varying stochastic dynamical systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20050,"journal":{"name":"Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena","volume":"484 ","pages":"Article 135034"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145527012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hamiltonian Monte Carlo with asymmetrical momentum distributions","authors":"Soumyadip Ghosh, Yingdong Lu, Tomasz Nowicki","doi":"10.1016/j.physd.2025.134952","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physd.2025.134952","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Existing rigorous convergence guarantees for the Hamiltonian Monte Carlo (HMC) algorithm use Gaussian auxiliary momentum variables, which are crucially symmetrically distributed. We present a novel convergence analysis for HMC utilizing new dynamical and probabilistic arguments. The convergence is rigorously established under significantly weaker conditions, which among others allow for general auxiliary distributions. In our framework, we show that plain HMC with asymmetrical momentum distributions breaks a key self-adjointness requirement. We propose a modified version of HMC, that we call the Alternating Direction HMC (AD-HMC), which overcomes this difficulty. Sufficient conditions are established under which AD-HMC exhibits geometric convergence in Wasserstein distance. The geometric convergence analysis is extended to when the Hamiltonian motion is approximated by the leapfrog symplectic integrator, where an additional Metropolis–Hastings rejection step is required. Numerical experiments suggest that AD-HMC can generalize a popular dynamic auxiliary scheme to show improved performance over HMC with Gaussian auxiliaries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20050,"journal":{"name":"Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena","volume":"483 ","pages":"Article 134952"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145221170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Unraveling multiple 1:1 entrainment regions in the Arnold onion diagram: A study of the circadian Novak–Tyson model","authors":"Emel Khan , Lawan Wijayasooriya , Pejman Sanaei","doi":"10.1016/j.physd.2025.134949","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physd.2025.134949","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The entrainment of biological oscillators is a fundamental problem in studying dynamical systems and synchronization. The Arnold onion diagram is a key tool for visualizing entrainment patterns in a two-dimensional parameter space, defined by period (<span><math><mi>T</mi></math></span>) and photoperiod (<span><math><mi>χ</mi></math></span>). This paper investigates the entrainment behavior of various oscillatory regimes in the Novak–Tyson (NT) model. While previous studies have documented the presence of Arnold onions featuring a single 1:1 entrainment region, our work introduces the novel emergence of multiple disconnected 1:1 entrainment regions within these diagrams. Through the analysis of dynamical systems, we show that multiple Arnold onions emerge for an unforced system near the Hopf bifurcation, which behaves as a damped oscillator. These findings offer new insights into the complex mechanisms underlying circadian seasonality and its dependence on intrinsic oscillator dynamics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20050,"journal":{"name":"Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena","volume":"483 ","pages":"Article 134949"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145221167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Particle, kinetic and hydrodynamic models for sea ice floes, Part I: Non-rotating floes","authors":"Quanling Deng , Seung-Yeal Ha","doi":"10.1016/j.physd.2025.134951","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physd.2025.134951","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We introduce a comprehensive modeling framework for the dynamics of sea ice floes using particle, kinetic, and hydrodynamic approaches. Building upon the foundational work of Ha and Tadmor on the Cucker–Smale model for flocking, we derive a Vlasov-type kinetic formulation and a corresponding hydrodynamic description. The particle model incorporates essential physical properties of sea ice floes, including size, position, velocity, and interactions governed by Newtonian mechanics. By extending these principles, the kinetic model captures large-scale features through the phase-space distribution, and we also present a hydrodynamic model using the velocity moments and a suitable closure condition. In this paper, as an idea-introductory step, we assume that ice floes are non-rotating and focus on the linear velocity dynamics. Our approach highlights the role of contact forces, ocean drag effects, and conservation laws in the multiscale description of sea ice dynamics, offering a potential pathway for the improved understanding and prediction of sea ice behaviors in changing climatic conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20050,"journal":{"name":"Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena","volume":"483 ","pages":"Article 134951"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145159066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}