{"title":"Alignment of geophysical fields: A differential geometry perspective","authors":"Yicun Zhen , Valentin Resseguier , Bertrand Chapron","doi":"10.1016/j.physd.2025.134997","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physd.2025.134997","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To estimate the displacements of physical state variables, the physics principles that govern the state variables must be considered. Technically, for a certain class of state variables, each state variable is associated to a tensor field. Ways displacement maps act on different state variables will then differ according to their associated different tensor field definitions. Displacement procedures can then explicitly ensure the conservation of certain physical quantities (total mass, total vorticity, total kinetic energy, etc.), and a differential-geometry-based optimization formulated. Morphing with the correct physics, it is reasonable to apply the estimated displacement map to unobserved state variables, as long as the displacement maps are strongly correlated. This leads to a new nudging strategy using all-available observations to infer displacements of both observed and unobserved state variables. Using the proposed nudging method before applying ensemble data assimilation, numerical results show improved preservation of the intrinsic structure of underlying physical processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20050,"journal":{"name":"Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena","volume":"483 ","pages":"Article 134997"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145416424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hydrodynamic stability of convection in porous medium with chemical reaction effect and generalised boundary conditions","authors":"Sanaa L. Khalaf, Akil J. Harfash","doi":"10.1016/j.physd.2025.135007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physd.2025.135007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We study solutal convection in a Brinkman porous layer with generalised Robin boundary conditions for solute concentration and two-sided Navier slip for velocity. The linear onset threshold (<span><math><mrow><mi>R</mi><msub><mrow><mi>a</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>L</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span>) and the global energy threshold (<span><math><mrow><mi>R</mi><msub><mrow><mi>a</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>E</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span>) are determined using a new Chebyshev collocation algorithm coupled to a pseudoinverse–eigenvalue formulation and a golden–section search. Accuracy is assessed through residual evaluation, as no analytical solutions are available for this problem. The results reveal that the Brinkman coefficient <span><math><mi>λ</mi></math></span> exerts a nearly linear stabilising influence on both <span><math><mrow><mi>R</mi><msub><mrow><mi>a</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>L</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><mi>R</mi><msub><mrow><mi>a</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>E</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span>, while the slip coefficients <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>N</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>L</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> and <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>N</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>U</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> act asymmetrically to destabilise the system. In addition, the interaction between the reaction parameter <span><math><mi>ζ</mi></math></span> and the concentration ratio <span><math><mi>η</mi></math></span> produces non-monotonic shifts in the stability thresholds. These findings clarify how reaction, solute exchange, and interfacial slip reshape both linear and nonlinear stability boundaries in Brinkman porous media, and they establish a high-accuracy computational framework for analysing stability regimes relevant to reactive transport.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20050,"journal":{"name":"Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena","volume":"483 ","pages":"Article 135007"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145416514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Quadruplet form of water waves kinetic equation","authors":"V. Geogjaev","doi":"10.1016/j.physd.2025.134977","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physd.2025.134977","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We present the quadruplet form of the kinetic equation for deep water surface waves (the Hasselmann equation). This formulation explicitly utilizes quadruplets of interacting waves. We define the integration over the quadruplets and rewrite the interaction integral using this definition. We use our construction to study the kinetic equation, in particular, we calculate the Kolmogorov constants for the Zakharov–Filonenko spectra.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20050,"journal":{"name":"Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena","volume":"483 ","pages":"Article 134977"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145324842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carlo Giambiagi Ferrari, Francisco Guillén-González, Mayte Pérez-Llanos, Antonio Suárez
{"title":"A new mathematical model for cell motility with nonlocal repulsion from saturated areas","authors":"Carlo Giambiagi Ferrari, Francisco Guillén-González, Mayte Pérez-Llanos, Antonio Suárez","doi":"10.1016/j.physd.2025.134973","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physd.2025.134973","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The main purpose of this work is the mathematical modelling of large populations of cells under different deterministic interactions among themselves, in balance with random diffusion. We focus on cell–cell interaction mechanisms for a single population confined to an isolated domain. We derive a macroscopic mathematical model including a nonlocal saturation coefficient depending on a crowding capacity, as part of a nonlocal drift term. Then, this capacity acts as a threshold above which repulsion effects appear. This macroscopic model is approached using two different microscopic discrete models based on Eulerian or Lagrangian reference systems, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20050,"journal":{"name":"Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena","volume":"483 ","pages":"Article 134973"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145363002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On the Hamiltonian structure of the intrinsic evolution of a closed vortex sheet","authors":"Banavara N. Shashikanth","doi":"10.1016/j.physd.2025.134978","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physd.2025.134978","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Motivated by the work of previous authors on vortex sheets and their applications, the intrinsic inviscid evolution equations of a closed vortex sheet in a plane, separating two piecewise constant density fluids, and their Hamiltonian form are investigated. The model has potential applications to problems involving the dynamics of interfaces of two immiscible fluids. A boundary Poisson bracket, which appears to be new and related to the KdV bracket, is obtained containing the curve-tangential derivative <span><math><mrow><mi>∂</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>∂</mi><mi>s</mi></mrow></math></span>. Lagrangian invariants of the sheet motion by its self-induced velocity–the Cauchy principal value of the Biot–Savart integral–are also derived.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20050,"journal":{"name":"Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena","volume":"483 ","pages":"Article 134978"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145363003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Flexible evolution of flocking tracking for a nonlinear collective migration model with heterogeneous transmission delays","authors":"Yipeng Chen, Yicheng Liu, Xiao Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.physd.2025.134927","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physd.2025.134927","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Division of labour and cooperation in animal groups is an external manifestation of swarm intelligence, such as leaders and followers in collective migration of animals. In this paper, we propose a nonlinear multi-agent system named collective migration model and try to build a more realistic dynamic leader–follower structure that facilitates flexible evolution of flocking tracking. The model highlights individual heterogeneity, especially including heterogeneous transmission delays among agents and heterogeneous parameters called tracking strategies that establish a trade-off between alignment and tracking for each agent, and essentially determine the leader–follower structure of the system. By constructing dynamic upper bounds of velocity, setting tracking periods and partitioning state space, a time-varying tracking strategy vector is designed to produce a dynamic leader–follower structure in which the system has a flexible configuration and can achieve flocking tracking for any initial state. The increase of transmission delay prolongs the switching cycle of leader–follower structure, and decreases the convergence speed of the system. An algorithm of the tracking strategy vector and several numerical simulations are provided to verify our results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20050,"journal":{"name":"Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena","volume":"483 ","pages":"Article 134927"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145047384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Magnus exponential integrators for stiff time-varying stochastic systems","authors":"Dev Jasuja , P.J. Atzberger","doi":"10.1016/j.physd.2025.135034","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physd.2025.135034","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We introduce exponential numerical integration methods for handling stiff stochastic dynamical systems having time-varying dissipative operators and fluctuations. Time-dependence presents challenges for exponentiation to obtain tractable expressions for evaluation, especially when the dissipative operators do not commute in time. We introduce approaches based on statistical mechanics and Magnus expansions to obtain stochastic integration methods that exhibit fluctuation–dissipation balance and other properties that facilitate computations. We show how practical computational methods can be developed to approximate and evaluate the contributions of the resulting stochastic expressions. We demonstrate our methods on several examples, including time-varying SDEs that arise in particle simulations and for SPDEs that model fluctuations in concentration fields of spatially-extended systems. Our introduced approaches provide methods for preserving statistical structures and other properties to obtain exponential numerical integrators for handling stiffness in time-varying stochastic dynamical systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20050,"journal":{"name":"Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena","volume":"484 ","pages":"Article 135034"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145527012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Han Qi (齐涵) , Zhiwei He (何志伟) , Aiguo Xu (许爱国) , Yousheng Zhang (张又升)
{"title":"Quantifying the temporal-spatial transition of rayleigh-taylor mixing","authors":"Han Qi (齐涵) , Zhiwei He (何志伟) , Aiguo Xu (许爱国) , Yousheng Zhang (张又升)","doi":"10.1016/j.physd.2025.134975","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physd.2025.134975","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In fusion engineering, the mixing transition induced by Rayleigh-Taylor (RT) instability significantly influences mixing evolution, necessitating accurate prediction of both temporal and spatial characteristics. However, the transition is a strong nonlinear process, and it is hard to accurately characterize and model the spatial-temporal transition. To address the challenges, we perform implicit large-eddy simulations of RT mixing across various density ratios. To comprehensively capture both temporal and spatial dynamics, this study proposes a novel approach by leveraging the evolution of flow structures as the foundation for characterizing a temporal-spatial transition process. The transition process is inherently linked to the evolution of flow structures, leading to the introduction of the intermittency factor <span><math><mi>γ</mi></math></span>, which quantifies the probability of turbulent events generated by these structures of transition. A specialized methodology for extracting <span><math><mi>γ</mi></math></span> in RT mixing is developed and the evolution of <span><math><mi>γ</mi></math></span> is analyzed. The temporal evolution of <span><math><mi>γ</mi></math></span> reveals the basic mechanism of the onset of transition and turbulence and its spatial distribution can reflect the relationship between turbulence, mixing and entrainment. Ultimately, we have uncovered a scaling law for the temporal evolution and a universal quantitative formula for the spatial characteristics of the transition process, both of which are independent of the density ratio.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20050,"journal":{"name":"Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena","volume":"483 ","pages":"Article 134975"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145362845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Simulations of Richtmyer–Meshkov instabilities using a stochastic front tracking method","authors":"Olivier Hurisse , James Glimm , Philippe Helluy","doi":"10.1016/j.physd.2025.134981","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physd.2025.134981","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper is dedicated to Richtmyer–Meshkov simulations. The strategy adopted here is not classical. It is based on a two-fluid Euler model, whose approximated solutions are computed using a first-order scheme coupled with a pseudo-random front-tracking algorithm. This new method has been tested satisfactorily, demonstrating good accuracy, with an effective convergence rate close to 0.9 even on linearly degenerate fields. This first application to the Richtmyer–Meshkov instability shows satisfactory agreement with experiments and exhibits appreciable properties: no spurious velocity/pressure oscillations show up near the interface, and the interface is maintained sharp.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20050,"journal":{"name":"Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena","volume":"483 ","pages":"Article 134981"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145362846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Coupled stochastic-statistical equations for filtering multiscale turbulent systems","authors":"Di Qi , Jian-Guo Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.physd.2025.135013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physd.2025.135013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We present a new strategy for the statistical forecasts of multiscale nonlinear systems involving non-Gaussian probability distributions with the help of observation data from leading-order moments. A stochastic-statistical modeling framework is designed to enable systematic theoretical analysis and support efficient numerical simulations. The nonlinear coupling structures of the explicit stochastic and statistical equations are exploited to develop a new multiscale filtering system using statistical observation data, which is represented by an infinite-dimensional Kalman–Bucy filter satisfying conditional Gaussian dynamics. To facilitate practical implementation, a finite-dimensional stochastic filtering model is proposed that approximates the intractable infinite-dimensional filter solution. We prove that this approximating filter effectively captures key non-Gaussian features, demonstrating consistent statistics with the optimal filter first in its analysis step update, then at the long-time limit guaranteeing stable convergence to the optimal filter. Finally, we build a practical ensemble filter algorithm based on the stochastic filtering model. Robust performance of the modeling and filtering strategies is demonstrated on prototype models, implying wider applications on challenging problems in statistical prediction and uncertainty quantification of multiscale turbulent states.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20050,"journal":{"name":"Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena","volume":"484 ","pages":"Article 135013"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145475983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}