{"title":"Monolithic silicon photonic multiplexer, transceiver, and processor for 4 × 196 Gbps/\u0000 λ\u0000 multidimensional inter-chip communication","authors":"Wu Zhou,Kaihang Lu,Zengqi Chen,Yuxiang Yin,Hao Chen,Yeyu Tong","doi":"10.1364/prj.603843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/prj.603843","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) necessitates significant improvements in optical interconnects that offer higher capacity, lower power consumption, and minimal latency. In this study, we present a multidimensional inter-chip optical interconnect that employs polarization and mode division multiplexing techniques. We achieve per-wavelength data rates of up to 4×126 Gbps with NRZ-OOK and 4×196 Gbps with PAM-4 through the monolithic integration of high-speed GeSi electro-absorption modulators, grating-based (de)multiplexers, and a reconfigurable optical MIMO signal processor. By optically compensating for polarization rotation and mode mixing within a two-mode few-mode fiber connecting two photonic chips, we obtain inter-channel crosstalk levels below −20 dB . The optical MIMO processor exhibits an estimated thermal tuning energy of 0.14 pJ/bit and an estimated optical propagation latency of 0.14 ns. Furthermore, our system demonstrates transparency to modulation formats and symbol rates, effectively supporting both high-speed NRZ-OOK and PAM-4 transmission. These findings provide a promising pathway for the development of high-capacity, energy-efficient, and low-latency optical interconnects, essential for the next generation of AI and data center infrastructures.","PeriodicalId":20048,"journal":{"name":"Photonics Research","volume":"26 1","pages":"4500"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149089866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}