Pharmaceutical Development and Technology最新文献

{"title":"Comparative in vivo assessment of hair-growth efficacy using nanostructured lipid carriers individually loaded with lavender oil or tea seed oil.","authors":"Omnia M Sarhan, Eman M El-Noby, Hasnaa A El-Shaat, Mostafa S A Mostafa, Mostafa I Gebril","doi":"10.1080/10837450.2026.2618489","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10837450.2026.2618489","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to formulate nanostructured lipid carriers loaded with tea seed or lavender oil to enhance hair regrowth <i>via</i> improved follicular penetration, as an alternative to conventional alopecia therapies.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>NLCs were prepared by ultrasonication of stearic acid: essential oil mixtures into an aqueous phase containing either Tween 80 or Pluronic F127 as surfactants. Particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential and TEM were measured. <i>In vivo</i> efficacy was evaluated in female Wistar albino rats given selected once-daily topical NLCs for 30 days.</p><p><strong>Key results: </strong>DLS analysis showed that formulations F2 and F5 had mean particle sizes of 165 ± 3 nm and 181 ± 6 nm, respectively, whereas the mixed-oil formulation F3 aggregated into large droplets. Zeta potentials of -65 ± 2 mV (F2) and -42 ± 3 mV (F5) confirmed excellent electrostatic stability. TEM images verified roughly spherical, core-shell nanoparticles. In the <i>in vivo</i> study, F2 and F5 treatments increased mean hair lengths by 120% and 132% versus placebo (<i>p</i> < 0.001), respectively, compared to a 116% increase with the commercial product. NLCs significantly enhanced follicular density, with the lavender oil formulation showing superior hair shaft integrity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results demonstrate that Pluronic F127-stabilized NLCs carrying natural oils possess optimal physicochemical properties and promote hair regrowth.</p>","PeriodicalId":20004,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Development and Technology","volume":" ","pages":"294-306"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145998758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanozyme-based therapeutics: bridging catalysis and nanomedicine.","authors":"Abhay Thakur, Rohit Sharma, Rahul Sharma, Kakarla Pakeeraiah","doi":"10.1080/10837450.2026.2620469","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10837450.2026.2620469","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nanozymes are engineered nanoparticles that mimic enzyme-like catalytic activities and have gained significant attention in bioanalytical and biomedical applications. A broad range of nanomaterials has been explored for their intrinsic catalytic properties, and with suitable optimization, these systems can exhibit enzyme-comparable activity in biological environments. Consequently, nanozymes offer substantial potential as versatile catalytic platforms in nanomedicine. This review highlights recent advances in nanozyme research, emphasizing mechanistic understanding rather than strict kinetic equivalence to natural enzymes. Fundamental catalytic principles, including electron transfer, redox cycling, and surface-confined active-site behavior, are discussed to elucidate nanozyme function in complex biological systems. Particular focus is placed on the influence of structural features, surface functionalization, and cascade catalytic architectures on the activity of metal oxide- and carbon-based nanozymes. In addition, nanozymes responsive to tumor microenvironmental stimuli such as pH, hydrogen peroxide, and glutathione are examined for targeted redox modulation. Pharmacokinetic behavior and biosafety considerations are critically evaluated, addressing unresolved concerns related to long-term toxicity and biodistribution. Overall, nanozymes represent a promising class of catalytic nanomaterials for future nanomedicine platforms, provided systematic efforts ensure mechanistic rigor, standardized evaluation, and regulatory-aligned safety assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":20004,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Development and Technology","volume":" ","pages":"307-323"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146019004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surfactant-based drug delivery strategies for HIV/AIDS therapy: advances in formulation and clinical translation.","authors":"Karuppiah Nagaraj","doi":"10.1080/10837450.2025.2588416","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10837450.2025.2588416","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present paper provides a detailed overview of surfactants' function in HIV/AIDS therapy, with a focus on medication administration, direct antiviral mechanisms, and microbicide formulations. The use of surfactant-based nanotechnology into antiretroviral therapy has resulted in the development of liposomes, polymeric micelles, nanoemulsions, and surfactant-modified biomaterials that provide controlled release and increased bioavailability of antiretrovirals. Furthermore, many surfactants have inherent antiviral activity, which disrupts the viral lipid envelope, inhibits viral replication, and prevents HIV from entering host cells. The paper also explores the potential of surfactant-based biosensors for HIV diagnostics, emphasizing their role in improving sensitivity and selectivity and recent progress in formulation design using surfactants such as sodium lauryl sulfate, poloxamers, and biosurfactants, emphasizing their safety, biocompatibility, and clinical potential. Key challenges including scalability, environmental impact, and user acceptability are discussed alongside emerging AI-driven approaches for personalized nanomedicine. Surfactant toxicity and limited biocompatibility remain key barriers. Developing safer, more effective surfactants is essential for future clinical progress.</p>","PeriodicalId":20004,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Development and Technology","volume":" ","pages":"1-33"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145605728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction.","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/10837450.2025.2607906","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10837450.2025.2607906","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20004,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Development and Technology","volume":" ","pages":"182"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145820388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fabrication of baicalin solid dispersion using the supercritical anti-solvent technology: optimization, characterization, and evaluation.","authors":"Mingming Wang, Zan Sun, Jian Hu, Qiaoyan Huang, Weifeng Long, Zhengjia Shen, Ya Li, Ping Wang","doi":"10.1080/10837450.2025.2605689","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10837450.2025.2605689","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Baicalin is a flavonoid glycoside with substantial biological activity and pharmacological effects, primarily extracted from <i>Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi</i>. However, its clinical implementation has been impeded by suboptimal aqueous solubility and unfavorable bioavailability. This study employed a supercritical anti-solvent (SAS) process to prepare amorphous solid dispersions of baicalin, aiming to enhance its dissolution and bioavailability. The effects of supercritical temperature, supercritical pressure, and CO₂ flow rate on encapsulation were thoroughly investigated using the Box-Behnken Design (BBD) response surface methodology. SEM, FTIR, DSC, and XRD analyses confirmed that the baicalin solid dispersion prepared <i>via</i> the SAS method was in an amorphous state. <i>In vitro</i> dissolution tests indicated that the solubility of baicalin in the solid dispersion was 9.4 times (pH = 6.8) greater than that of the raw baicalin particles. Furthermore, rat experiments revealed that the bioavailability of baicalin in the solid dispersions was 1.8 times higher than that in traditional particles. Notably, BASD exhibited strong inhibitory effects on the growth of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> and <i>Escherichia coli</i>. Consequently, a solid dispersion of baicalin was successfully prepared using the BBD-optimized SAS process, significantly enhancing the performance of baicalin.</p>","PeriodicalId":20004,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Development and Technology","volume":" ","pages":"116-132"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145768739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parabens potential as polymer additives in supersaturable formulations.","authors":"Maryam Maghsoodi, Mehdi Ezzati Nahand, Ali Nokhodchi","doi":"10.1080/10837450.2025.2612592","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10837450.2025.2612592","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to assess two parabens, methylparaben and propylparaben, as additives to study their effects on the ability of the eudragit S100 (EU) in stabilizing the supersaturation of dipyridamole (DP). Capability of EU/parabens binary compositions to stabilize DP supersaturation was compared with EU/parabens physical mixtures to recognize the influence of parabens on the EU-mediated DP supersaturation stabilization. The interaction between EU and parabens was studied by FT-IR studies. For EU/parabens binary compositions, the capability of EU in supersaturation stabilization of DP increased compared with the EU alone. When the EU was physically blended with parabens, DP supersaturation was not affected by the presence of parabens. This demonstrated that the impact of parabens on the supersaturation of DP could not be attributed to a higher stabilization influence on DP supersaturation exerted by the combination of the EU and parabens, but rather may be attributed to the enhancement effect of parabens on the dissolution rate of EU. FT-IR results demonstrated intermolecular interactions between EU and parabens which may contribute to enhancing the dissolution rate of EU. The recently revealed supersaturation improvement found in the present study is interesting and has the benefit of providing a higher drug supersaturation maintenance by polymers through the use of suitable additives.</p>","PeriodicalId":20004,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Development and Technology","volume":" ","pages":"168-181"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145900894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep eutectic solvents as emerging carriers for antihyperlipidemic drugs: current trends and future perspectives.","authors":"Sushant Gaikwad, Ambar Marne, Ashwini Gawade, Ashwin Kuchekar","doi":"10.1080/10837450.2025.2611902","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10837450.2025.2611902","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The therapeutic effectiveness of the most antihyperlipidemic drugs, particularly Biopharmaceutics Classification system Class II drugs like statins, is severely limited by their low aqueous solubility and resulting low and variable oral bioavailability (e.g. ∼5% for simvastatin). Deep Eutectic solvents and Therapeutic Deep Eutectic System are explored in this review as an environmentally friendly and innovative next-generation platform designed to overcome these fundamental biopharmaceutical limitations. These systems function as good solubilizers, improving the dissolution rate and the thermodynamic stability of antihyperlipidemic drugs significantly. This directly enhances the drug absorption kinetics, resulting in more predictable and enhanced oral bioavailability. Commercialization of DESs still faces major challenges. Large-scale-up is difficult because their high viscosity reduces mixing and mass transfer efficiency. Also, a complete evaluation of their cytotoxicity, biodegradability, and long-term thermal stability is still needed to ensure their safe and sustainable use as effective pharmaceutical excipients.</p>","PeriodicalId":20004,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Development and Technology","volume":" ","pages":"133-155"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145900902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparative study of spray drying and jet milling in the preparation of nintedanib dry powder for inhalation.","authors":"Jingyu Shi, Hao Miao, Changhui Li, Zhenbo Tong","doi":"10.1080/10837450.2025.2611906","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10837450.2025.2611906","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study optimized nintedanib dry powder for inhalation (DPI) and compared it with organic solvent-based spray drying and jet milling. A solid dispersion of nintedanib, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and leucine was produced by spray drying from an ammonium carbonate (Ab) aqueous solution. Formulation and process variables-API:(PVA+leucine (L)) mass ratio, PVA:L ratio, API: Ab ratio, total solids, and feed flow-were systematically screened to yield particles with geometric size ≤5 μm. Powders were characterized for morphology, moisture, density, particle size distribution, crystallinity, assay, and aerodynamic deposition. The optimized formulation showed good flowability and stability, with API content >80% in DPI particles; mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) was 4.18 μm and fine particle fraction (FPF) 36.59%, indicating effective deep-lung delivery potential. Compared with conventional methods, the aqueous spray drying route delivered comparable or superior <i>in vitro</i> inhalation performance and delivery efficiency, while improving safety during the preparation and usage process (such as reducing the risk of organic solvent residue and dust exposure). These results provide a practical strategy for safe, efficient nintedanib inhalation formulations and a platform to spray dry other poorly water-soluble drugs into DPI particles.</p>","PeriodicalId":20004,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Development and Technology","volume":" ","pages":"156-167"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145892872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AI-guided real-time detection of flow irregularities and bottlenecks in pharmaceutical vial filling lines using vision-based models.","authors":"Sai Vijay Thattukolla, Sai Vinay Thattukolla","doi":"10.1080/10837450.2025.2602581","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10837450.2025.2602581","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim/background: </strong>Ensuring smooth and consistent vial flow on pharmaceutical filling line conveyors is essential for maintaining sterility, reducing downtime, and avoiding costly disruptions. However, irregular vial movement such as spacing gaps, clustering, and vial flipping is often seen, leading to filling delays, broken glass, machine stoppages, and extended batch times. Existing systems lack the ability to detect such irregularities in real time and provide actionable alerts.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A lightweight, AI-guided framework was developed for detecting vial flow irregularities and classifying bottleneck risks using computer vision. A high-speed camera positioned above the conveyor captured video frames processed by YOLOv8 for real-time object detection. OpenCV was used to extract vial positions and calculate flow metrics (average spacing, standard deviation, inter-vial gap thresholds). A rule-based classification system assigned bottleneck risk levels: low, medium, or high. Operational conveyor footage from a pharmaceutical filling line was analyzed; to protect confidentiality, frames were de-identified and re-rendered as schematic visualizations that preserve vial geometry and spacing statistics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Across 15 operational frames, the classifier achieved an accuracy of 93.3%, F1-macro 95.21%. On throughput, the end-to-end pipeline processed frames at ∼18 FPS on CPU and ∼25 FPS on Jetson Nano. Detector evaluation yielded mAP@0.5 = 100.00%, mAP@[0.5:0.95] = 70.09%, precision = 98.65%, recall = 100.00%, F1 = 99.32% at confidence 0.50.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This scalable, non-invasive solution can be integrated into existing pharmaceutical lines to improve operational efficiency and product integrity. The rule-based approach offers interpretability, making it suitable for GMP-regulated environments. Across the operational validation set, the risk classifier achieved macro average precision of 95.24%, recall of 95.83%, and F1 of 95.21%.</p>","PeriodicalId":20004,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Development and Technology","volume":" ","pages":"82-95"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145714971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of experiments to optimize gallic acid carbon-based nanoparticle synthesis for enhanced photodynamic therapy in cancer cells.","authors":"Koranat Dechsri, Supusson Pengnam, Thapakorn Charoenying, Boonnada Pamornpathomkul, Chaiyakarn Pornpitchanarong, Prasopchai Patrojanasophon, Tanasait Ngawhirunpat, Theerasak Rojanarata, Praneet Opanasopit","doi":"10.1080/10837450.2025.2597342","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10837450.2025.2597342","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Carbon-based nanoparticles (CNPs) have attracted significant attention as photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy (PDT) due to their biocompatibility, facile synthesis, and ability to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this study, green-synthesized gallic acid CNPs (GACNPs) were optimized and characterized for their physicochemical properties and biomedical potential. GACNPs exhibited no cytotoxicity to normal cells at concentrations up to 250 µg/mL, demonstrating excellent biocompatibility. Under LED light irradiation (350-700 nm, 0.124 W/cm², 10 min), GACNPs efficiently generated ROS, as assessed by photodynamic activity and intracellular ROS detection, confirming their photosensitizing function. The anticancer efficacy of GACNPs was evaluated in HeLa and MDA-MB-231 cell lines, revealing IC₅₀ values of 2.92 ± 0.14 µg/mL (exposure) versus 3.74 ± 0.22 µg/mL (non-exposure) for HeLa and 2.62 ± 0.24 µg/mL (exposure) versus 4.14 ± 0.19 µg/mL (non-exposure) for MDA-MB-231 cells, indicating significantly enhanced cytotoxicity upon light exposure. Furthermore, both cell lines showed that GACNPs significantly enhanced the anticancer effect upon exposure compared to the GA solution. Apoptosis assays showed 64% cell death after exposure, compared to 47% without exposure, in HeLa cells, and 93% cell death after exposure, compared to 74% in MDA-MB-231 cells. These findings demonstrate that GACNPs are promising nano-photosensitizers for PDT-based cancer therapy, combining low cytotoxicity with high ROS-mediated anticancer efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":20004,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Development and Technology","volume":" ","pages":"48-67"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145654948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}