Pharmaceutical Development and Technology最新文献

{"title":"Quality by design (QbD) development of a Soluplus/TPGS-based ternary amorphous solid dispersion for enhanced oral bioavailability of acacetin.","authors":"Jianghai He, Yanyan Zhen, Qian Chen, Yao Huang, Xianfeng Huang, Yajing Wang, Jing Xie","doi":"10.1080/10837450.2025.2599307","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10837450.2025.2599307","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acacetin, a natural flavonoid with high-melting-point (> 200 °C) and poorly aqueous solubility, presents significant challenges in oral bioavailability due to its low dissolution rate. To address this limitation, acacetin-loaded amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) were developed via a quality-by-design (QbD) framework and manufactured using solvent-free hot-melt extrusion (HME). The formulation incorporated Soluplus as the polymeric matrix and d-a-tocopherol polyethylene glycol succinate (TPGS) as multifunctional plasticizer. The amorphization of acacetin was confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD). The optimized ternary system Aca-Soluplus-TPGS (2:6:2, w/w/w) achieved solubility 32.5 ± 11.5 μg/mL in simulated gastric fluid (SGF, pH 1.2), 180.5 ± 1.5 μg/mL in simulated intestinal fluid (SIF, pH 6.8), and 211.5 ± 6.3 μg/mL in water, respectively, 2203- to 3142-fold improvements over Aca. In single-pass intestinal perfusion (SPIP) studies, the optimized formulation exhibited 23.7 μg/cm² intestinal absorption per unit area, a 1.2-fold increase compared to Aca. The pharmacokinetic of Aca-Soluplus (2:8), Aca-Soluplus-TPGS (2:6:2), and Aca-Soluplus-TPGS (2:2:6) showed relative bioavailability of 698.0%, 725.2%, and 1456.3%, respectively, compared to Aca. Stability testing (40 °C/75% RH, 6 months) confirmed no recrystallization, indicating the robustness of the HME-based ASD strategy. These findings highlight HME as a scalable, solvent-free and continuous approach to enhance the biopharmaceutical performance of high-melting-point compound Aca.</p>","PeriodicalId":20004,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Development and Technology","volume":" ","pages":"68-81"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145725130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of lapatinib ditosylate nanoparticles for enhanced dissolution rate, oral bioavailability and effective oral carcinoma treatment.","authors":"Ranga Goud Rayapolu, Harshala Ramesh Patil, Ramalingam Arawindh, Shashank S Apte, Venkata Vamsi Krishna Venuganti","doi":"10.1080/10837450.2025.2595559","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10837450.2025.2595559","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lapatinib ditosylate (LD) is a chemotherapeutic agent that belongs to Class II of the Biopharmaceutical Classification System. The objective of this work was to enhance oral bioavailability of LD by developing a nanoparticle solid dispersion. Lapatinib ditosylate nanoparticles (LDNP) were prepared by a combination of precipitation followed by high pressure homogenization. The optimized LDNP formulation, containing LD, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose acetate succinate, Brij-35, and sodium lauryl sulfate in the ratio of 1:4:0.5:0.2, was found to provide an average particle size of 103 ± 4.6 nm after freeze drying. Scanning electron microscopy and solid-state characterization revealed rounded particles in an amorphous state. Nanonization significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) increased dissolution rate (90 ± 4.6% within 30 min) compared with the physical mixture (29 ± 1.3% in 30 min). Pharmacokinetic evaluations performed in Wistar rats showed 1.3- and 1.4-fold increase in <i>C</i>_max and AUC_total after LDNP administration compared with commercial formulation. LDNP demonstrated similar growth inhibition in oral carcinoma MOC2 and FaDu cells as that of LD solution. LDNP showed complete remission of xenografted oral cancer in a C57BL/6 mouse model after seven doses of 100 mg/kg LDNP. The LDNP formulation can be developed to enhance the oral bioavailability of LD for effective oral cancer treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":20004,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Development and Technology","volume":" ","pages":"34-47"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145588122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nitogenin-PEG succinate micelles for curcuminoid delivery: synthesis, <i>in vitro</i> cytotoxicity, and <i>in vivo</i> pharmacokinetics.","authors":"Varsha Velmurugan, Velmurugan Shanmugham, RameshKumar Angappan","doi":"10.1080/10837450.2025.2605688","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10837450.2025.2605688","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the present study, three kinds of curcuminoids (CS)-loaded micelles (CS-NPGS) were prepared by the solid dispersion method using novel Nitogenin polyethylene glycol succinate-1000 (NPGS-1000) to enhance the solubility and bioavailability. The micelles were characterized using a particle size analyzer, a crystallography analyzer, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The morphology was screened using a scanning electron microscope. <i>In vitro</i> release profiles of curcumin from CS-NPGS showed a sustained release without rapid burst. Treating triple negative MDA-MB-231 cell lines with all micelles remarkably exhibited dose-dependent toxicity and inhibited the cell proliferation. Epifluorescence was used to evaluate the morphology of the treated cells by using various stains. The IC50 values of the curcumin-loaded micelles against triple negative MDA-MB-231 cells were 10.85, 5.43, and 5.43 μg/mL for CS-NPGS-1, CS-NPGS-2, and CS-NPGS-3, respectively, lower than the one of free curcumin (21.7 μg/mL). <i>An in vivo</i> rat oral pharmacokinetic study showed 13.25×, 16.43×, and 18.51× increases in Cmax for CS-NPGS-1, CS-NPGS-2, and CS-NPGS-3 compared to curcuminoid powder, respectively. The relative bioavailability of CS-NPGS-1, CS-NPGS-2, and CS-NPGS-3 was 155.21%, 504.82%, and 687.83% compared to CS, respectively. The aqueous solubility of encapsulated CS-NPGS micelles is considerably improved, allowing for more localized drug delivery and a superior treatment alternative for residual cancer tumors.</p>","PeriodicalId":20004,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Development and Technology","volume":" ","pages":"96-115"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145794312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Smart microneedle platforms for skin cancer therapy: a review of stimuli-responsive and targeted drug delivery systems.","authors":"Nisha Bharti, Viresh Kumar, Subhrojyoti Mukherjee, Debnath Das, Somnath Das, Dev Kashyap, Sheeba Shafi, Shruti Srivastava, Manoj Kumar Mishra, Arun Kumar Singh, Manish Kumar","doi":"10.1080/10837450.2025.2580499","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10837450.2025.2580499","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Skin cancer's rising global incidence and the significant limitations of conventional therapies, such as systemic toxicity and drug resistance, necessitate the development of more effective and personalised treatment strategies. The emergence of MN integrated, stimuli-responsive platforms as an advanced therapeutic approach for skin cancer offers to bypass the skin's primary barrier, the stratum corneum, enabling targeted, localised delivery of therapeutic agents. By incorporating 'smart' materials, these platforms can release their payload in response to specific endogenous stimuli within the tumour microenvironment (e.g. pH, enzymes, redox potential) or externally applied triggers (e.g. Light, Temperature, ultrasound). This allows for on-demand, controlled release, enhancing therapeutic efficacy while minimising systemic side effects. This review focuses on the synergistic integration of these technologies, analysing how they enable potent combination therapies. Preclinical studies have demonstrated the potent synergistic effects of these platforms, particularly in combining chemo, photothermal (PT), and immunotherapies, achieving high tumour inhibition rates in animal models. However, translation to clinical settings faces challenges, including drug loading capacity, mechanical reliability, scalable manufacturing, and complex regulatory pathways. Current clinical trials are cautiously validating simpler, single-agent MN systems for non-melanoma skin cancers. This review highlights that while significant hurdles remain, the integration of MNs with stimuli-responsive systems represents a powerful strategy, with future developments in theranostics and closed-loop systems poised to revolutionise personalised skin cancer therapy. Future developments in theranostics, wearable biosensors, and closed-loop feedback systems are poised to overcome current limitations, offering a forward-looking perspective on cost-effective, patient-centric treatments that can adapt to the evolving biology of the disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":20004,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Development and Technology","volume":" ","pages":"1449-1475"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145368565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Redox-responsive palbociclib-loaded self-assembled protein nanoparticles in breast cancer therapy-quality by design approach and efficacy assessment in 2D and 3D <i>in vitro</i> culture systems.","authors":"Ujala Gupta, Rahul Kumar, Anamika Sharma, Mayur Aalhate, Indrani Maji, Pankaj Kumar Singh","doi":"10.1080/10837450.2025.2595227","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10837450.2025.2595227","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Redox-responsive nanocarriers exploit the unique intracellular redox environment to enable targeted and controlled release of therapeutic agents. The present study comprises the fabrication of Palbociclib-bearing Bovine serum albumin-based redox-responsive nanoparticles (RR-PAL-NPs) through self-crosslinking using the desolvation technique. The optimisation of the formulation was achieved using the Box-Behnken design of experiment. The RR-PAL-NPs particle size, PDI, zeta potential, and percentage entrapment efficiency are 195.56 ± 9.99 nm, 0.22 ± 0.01, 3.9 ± 0.12 mV, and 91.23 ± 3.8%, respectively. In the presence of 10 mM glutathione, at pH of 5.5 and 7.4, nearly all the PAL was released from RR-PAL-NPs, making a release of 88.98 ± 3.00 and 82.41 ± 3.9%, respectively. Furthermore, dilution study, turbidimetric analysis, UV and spectrofluorescence analysis, circular dichroism, stability study, pH titration, and hemocompatibility study were also performed, which deemed the formulation satisfactory. RR-PAL-NPs depicted an exceptional <i>in vitro</i> cytotoxic and apoptotic profile. An outstanding mitochondrial depolarisation, ROS generation, inhibition of colony formation, wound healing, and glutathione depletion were seen. In the 3D mammosphere study, it caused a 3.57-fold reduction in the 3D mammosphere diameter as compared to PAL, along with higher apoptosis and uptake efficiency. Immunofluorescence assays depicted an upregulation of BAX and downregulation of Bcl2 protein expression. In the cell cycle study, the RR-PAL-NPs showed remarkable G0/G1 phase arrest due to the decreased phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein.</p>","PeriodicalId":20004,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Development and Technology","volume":" ","pages":"1609-1635"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145649138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Niosomal <i>versus</i> cubosomal gels of cetirizine hydrochloride: cost-effective permeation enhancement for potential transdermal application.","authors":"Esraa M Elboushy, Azza A Hasan, Gehan F Balata, Noura G Eissa","doi":"10.1080/10837450.2025.2579567","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10837450.2025.2579567","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cetirizine hydrochloride, an antihistamine drug, demonstrated potential off-label use for management of androgenic alopecia (Aga). The aim of the current study was cost-effective preparation of niosomal and cubosomal gels containing Cetirizine hydrochloride for enhanced skin permeation. Niosomes were prepared using a lipid mixture (Span 60 or Tween 80 and cholesterol), with incorporation of an essential oil (Eucalyptus or Peppermint oil) at different weight ratios. Cubosomes were prepared using glyceryl monooleate and Poloxamer 407 at different weight ratios. The prepared nanovesicles were characterized in terms of particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, morphological properties, entrapment efficiency, <i>in-vitro</i> drug release, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. The optimal formulations were incorporated into Carbopol gel base (1%) and evaluated in terms of organoleptic properties, viscosity, spreadability, drug permeation, and skin irritation. Niosomes and cubosomes displayed nanosized spherical and cubic morphologies, respectively, with higher entrapment efficiency for cubosomes (98 ± 4.90-99.20 ± 4.46%) compared to niosomes (40.70 ± 1.57-85.90 ± 3.19%). <i>Ex-vivo</i> permeation studies over 24 h demonstrated superior skin permeation for the cubosomal gel (6.2-fold increase) when compared to the niosomal gels (3.1-4.6-fold increase). Cetirizine niosomal (NG10) and cubosomal (CG6) gels demonstrated acceptable skin permeation and safety profiles thus they have great potential in off-label management of Aga.</p>","PeriodicalId":20004,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Development and Technology","volume":" ","pages":"1338-1358"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145378373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation, characterization and in vivo studies of amorphous solid dispersion of gambogic acid with meglumine.","authors":"Zhongcheng Ke, Xiaoling Cheng, Yimin Niu, Xuwen Chai, Wenwen Fang, Ping Wang, Yan Gong, Zitong Zhu, Yibin Feng","doi":"10.1080/10837450.2025.2591742","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10837450.2025.2591742","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study was to develop an amorphous solid dispersion system utilizing meglumine (MG) as an alkalizing matrix to improve the dissolution rate and oral bioavailability of gambogic acid (GA). Solid dispersion of GA with MG (GA/MG-SD) was fabricated <i>via</i> solvent evaporation using an equal molar of quantity of GA/MG. Physicochemical characterization was conducted through FT-IR spectral analysis, DSC thermograms, PXRD patterns, and SEM imaging, and the contact angle and dissolution profiling also were determined. Pharmacokinetic evaluation was performed in SD rats to assess bioavailability enhancement. DSC analysis indicated disappeared crystal of GA and MG as no distinct peaks were observed. This was further evidenced by PXRD analysis. The dissolution of GA from GA/MG-SD reached 76.1% after 1 h in media (pH 6.8), compared to only 22.2% for free GA. The solubility and drug dissolution rate of GA/MG-SD were significantly higher than those of free GA (<i>p</i> < 0.01), and drug dissolution behavior fit in the <i>Higuchi</i> model. Furthermore, pharmacokinetic assessment demonstrated a 2.0-fold increase in AUC_0-24 values compared to free GA, confirming improved systemic exposure. Overall, the MG-based dispersion strategy effectively transformed GA into an amorphous state with superior wettability, achieving concurrent enhancement of dissolution efficiency and oral bioavailability.</p>","PeriodicalId":20004,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Development and Technology","volume":" ","pages":"1535-1542"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145541718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic effects of Zn²⁺/Ca²⁺ crosslinking on alginate-chitosan semi-interpenetrating networks: mechanical and pH responsive properties.","authors":"Anil K Philip, Bassim I Mohammad, Betty Annie Samuel, Saurabh Bhatia, Hayder A Al-Aubaidy","doi":"10.1080/10837450.2025.2592264","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10837450.2025.2592264","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Zn²⁺/Ca²⁺ synergistic crosslinking was engineered in chitosan-alginate semi-interpenetrating networks (semi-IPNs) to establish crosslinking density (15.2-58.3 mol/m³) as a predictive parameter for multi-scale hydrogel performance. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses confirmed Zn²⁺ ions coordination bonding with chitosan amines, synergizing with Ca²⁺-alginate ionic bridges to significantly enhance thermal stability (initial decomposition temperature increased to 255.8 °C; final decomposition temperature elevated to 490.6 °C) and mechanical properties (tensile strength improved 615% to 12.9 MPa; compressive strength increased 350% to 1.8 MPa). Morphological refinement reduced pore size to 24.3 μm and porosity to 56.9%, enabling pH-responsive swelling where the equilibrium swelling ratio at pH 5.5 exceeded pH 7.4 values by 52%. Anomalous non-Fickian drug release (Korsmeyer-Peppas exponent <i>n</i> = 0.47-0.66) facilitated infection-targeted delivery, with metformin release at pH 5.5 reaching 78.2% compared to 58.7% at pH 7.4. <i>In vivo</i>, the optimized 10 mM Zn²⁺ ions/10 mM Ca²⁺ ions system (F5) accelerated wound healing to 94.2% closure by day 14, eliminated infection incidence, and promoted immunomodulation (38.2% reduction in TNF-α; 2.1-fold increase in IL-10) through degradation-matched tissue regeneration. Validated <i>via</i> multi-technique characterization, this dual-ion platform resolves historical trade-offs in natural polymer hydrogels, offering a predictive design paradigm for advanced wound dressings and stimuli-responsive drug delivery. HIGHLIGHTSA quantitative correlation (<i>R</i>² > 0.94) was established between dual-ion crosslink density and hydrogel mechanical strength, enabling rational engineering of natural-polymer dressings.Achieved unprecedented thermal stability (initial decomposition 255.8 °C), surpassing autoclave requirements and solving a long-standing translational barrier.pH-triggered anomalous transport accelerated metformin release by 19.5 % at pH 5.5 (infected wound) versus pH 7.4, outperforming commercial Aquacel® Ag.In vivo rat model showed 94 % wound closure in 14 days, zero infection incidence, and favorable immunomodulation (38 % TNF-α reduction, 2× IL-10 increase).</p>","PeriodicalId":20004,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Development and Technology","volume":" ","pages":"1581-1595"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145564904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a stable microemulsion - based delivery of amlodipine besylate: a promising approach for topical treatment of anal fissures.","authors":"C O Pazmiño-Chiluiza, A M Rabasco, M L González-Rodríguez","doi":"10.1080/10837450.2025.2590120","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10837450.2025.2590120","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Anal fissures (AF) are painful anorectal disorders for which topical calcium-channel blockers (CCBs), such as amlodipine besylate (AMD), are recommended to avoid systemic adverse effects associated with oral therapy. However, the topical use of AMD has been limited by its poor aqueous solubility and chemical instability.This study focused on developing and characterizing a 1% w/w AMD-loaded microemulsion (ME) for topical application. Optimal composition was selected using solubility screening and pseudo-ternary phase diagrams. The lead formulation, M5, demonstrated favorable properties: nanometric scale (size ≈ 34 nm, PDI 0.45), pseudoplastic rheology (viscosity ≈20 Pa·s), and high interfacial stability (ζ - potential +8.7 mV).Franz diffusion cell assays confirmed sustained permeation (steady-state flux ≈14.4 µg·cm-2·min-1), while differential scanning calorimetry evidenced partial plasticization of AMD by the surfactant matrix. The final product was manufactured at pilot scale under GMP guidelines to ensure long-term stability. AMD potency decreased by only 7.7% over 24 months under refrigerated storage. In vitro safety evaluations confirmed a non-irritant profile and low acute toxicity.Compared with other reported topical CCB preparations, this AMD-loaded ME provides superior physicochemical stability, reproducible permeation, and dermal compatibility. These results establish a translational platform for future GMP-scale validation and clinical assessment in AF management.</p>","PeriodicalId":20004,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Development and Technology","volume":" ","pages":"1506-1524"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145541743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ivermectin-based therapeutics: modern dosage forms and drug delivery innovations.","authors":"Meryem Kocas, Tansel Comoglu","doi":"10.1080/10837450.2025.2579558","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10837450.2025.2579558","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ivermectin (IVM), a broad-spectrum antiparasitic agent that has been extensively used in both human and veterinary medicine for decades. Conventional formulations of IVM are challenged by poor aqueous solubility, low bioavailability, and limited tissue targeting, which can limit its therapeutic potential, despite its clinical success. The investigation of novel dosage forms and drug delivery technologies has been facilitated by recent advancements in pharmaceutical sciences, with the objective of improving the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles of IVM. Innovative systems, including lipid-based drug delivery systems, nanoparticles, polymeric carriers, solid lipid nanoparticles, and nanostructured lipid carriers, have demonstrated significant potential in terms of their ability to enhance solubility, facilitate controlled and targeted drug release, and reduce systemic toxicity. Additionally, these advanced systems open new possibilities for repurposing IVM in therapeutic areas beyond parasitic infections, including antiviral and anticancer applications. This review highlights the current progress and future prospects of modern dosage forms designed to optimize IVM delivery and broaden its clinical utility. Thereby providing an in-depth and critical evaluation of advanced IVM dosage forms, with a particular emphasis on their design rationale, pharmacokinetic enhancements, and capacity to address the limitations associated with conventional formulations.</p>","PeriodicalId":20004,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Development and Technology","volume":" ","pages":"1306-1319"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145370419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}