ACS Materials LettersPub Date : 2024-10-10eCollection Date: 2024-11-04DOI: 10.1021/acsmaterialslett.4c01777
Ana C C Dutra, James A Quirk, Ying Zhou, James A Dawson
{"title":"Influence of Surfaces on Ion Transport and Stability in Antiperovskite Solid Electrolytes at the Atomic Scale.","authors":"Ana C C Dutra, James A Quirk, Ying Zhou, James A Dawson","doi":"10.1021/acsmaterialslett.4c01777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmaterialslett.4c01777","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antiperovskites are generating considerable interest as potential solid electrolyte materials for solid-state batteries because of their promising ionic conductivity, wide electrochemical windows, stability, chemical diversity and tunability, and low cost. Despite this, there is a surprising lack of a systematic study of antiperovskite surfaces and their influence on the performance of these materials in energy storage applications. This is rectified here by providing a comprehensive density functional theory investigation of the surfaces of M<sub>3</sub>OX (M = Li or Na; X = Cl or Br) antiperovskites. Specifically, we focus on the stability, electronic structure, defect chemistry, and ion transport properties of stable antiperovskite surfaces and how these contribute to the overall performance and suitability of these materials as solid electrolytes. The findings presented here provide critical insights for the design of antiperovskite surfaces that are both stable and promote ion transport in solid-state batteries.</p>","PeriodicalId":19,"journal":{"name":"ACS Materials Letters","volume":"6 11","pages":"5039-5047"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11539102/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142602237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ACS Materials LettersPub Date : 2024-10-10DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.4c0206010.1021/acsenergylett.4c02060
Charles E. Schwarz, Ramanuja Srinivasan Saravanan, Nina M. Borodin, Yunsheng Liu, Eric D. Wachsman and Yifei Mo*,
{"title":"Polaron-Based Electronic Conduction in Mixed Ionic-Electronic Conducting Lithium Garnets","authors":"Charles E. Schwarz, Ramanuja Srinivasan Saravanan, Nina M. Borodin, Yunsheng Liu, Eric D. Wachsman and Yifei Mo*, ","doi":"10.1021/acsenergylett.4c0206010.1021/acsenergylett.4c02060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.4c02060https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.4c02060","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Recent research has demonstrated that doped lithium garnet compositions with mixed ionic–electronic conducting (MIEC) properties can significantly enhance the performance of solid-state batteries with lithium metal anodes. However, the mechanisms that enable electronic conduction in these garnets are not well understood. In this study, we conduct first-principles calculations to investigate the polaron-based mechanism of electronic conduction in these MIEC garnets. We model polaron trapping on multivalent cation dopants in the lithium garnet structure and estimate the energy barriers for site-to-site polaron migration. By analyzing defect formation energies and cation charge transitions, we elucidate why certain cations and cation combinations greatly enhance the electronic conductivity in lithium garnets. Our computations lead to suggestions for new cation dopants and new strategies to further improve MIEC garnets in high-performance solid-state batteries. The study can serve as a general framework to guide the further development of novel MIEC materials for energy technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19,"journal":{"name":"ACS Materials Letters","volume":"9 11","pages":"5334–5340 5334–5340"},"PeriodicalIF":19.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142608030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ACS Materials LettersPub Date : 2024-10-10DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.4c0187610.1021/acsenergylett.4c01876
Luca Gregori, Daniele Meggiolaro and Filippo De Angelis*,
{"title":"Quantifying the Effect of Interfacial Dipoles on the Energy Level Alignment of Metal-Halide Perovskites","authors":"Luca Gregori, Daniele Meggiolaro and Filippo De Angelis*, ","doi":"10.1021/acsenergylett.4c0187610.1021/acsenergylett.4c01876","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.4c01876https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.4c01876","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Surface passivation with suitable organic molecules has emerged as an effective strategy to reduce surface defects and improve the device efficiency. Adsorption of organic molecules on a metal-halide perovskite (MHP) surface, however, implies electrostatic and charge transfer interactions, which may alter the energy levels of the perovskite underneath. Here, we elucidate the effects of differently functionalized anilines, a prototypical passivating molecule, on the electronic levels of methylammonium lead iodide by DFT calculations. While the nature of the surface-passivating molecules undoubtedly affects the dipole moment, we argue that the adsorption geometry and the extent of surface coverage play equally important roles in influencing the energy level alignment of the perovskite interface with charge extraction layers.</p>","PeriodicalId":19,"journal":{"name":"ACS Materials Letters","volume":"9 11","pages":"5329–5333 5329–5333"},"PeriodicalIF":19.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142608029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ACS Materials LettersPub Date : 2024-10-10DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.4c0194110.1021/acsenergylett.4c01941
Rak Hyeon Choi, Jungjeong So, Younghun Kim, Dongwhan Lee* and Hye Ryung Byon*,
{"title":"Li+ Conduction of Soft-Base Anion-Immobilized Covalent Organic Frameworks for All-Solid-State Lithium–Metal Batteries","authors":"Rak Hyeon Choi, Jungjeong So, Younghun Kim, Dongwhan Lee* and Hye Ryung Byon*, ","doi":"10.1021/acsenergylett.4c0194110.1021/acsenergylett.4c01941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.4c01941https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.4c01941","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Organic solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) offer improved safety and flexibility, but they face challenges with low ionic conductivity at room temperature. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) present a promising solution by preventing segmental motion and facilitating Li<sup>+</sup> ion transfer through nanoporous channels with regularly aligned anionic groups. In particular, dissociating Li<sup>+</sup> ions from these immobilized anionic groups is crucial for increasing Li<sup>+</sup> ion conductivity. However, the design of COFs with electron-delocalized and soft bases, such as fluorinated sulfonimides anionic groups, for easier Li<sup>+</sup> dissociation has been hindered by the challenging synthesis of these building blocks. Here, we successfully synthesized sulfonyl(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (TFSI<sup>–</sup>)-functionalized COFs and demonstrated a remarkable Li<sup>+</sup> ion conductivity of 7.65 × 10<sup>–5</sup> S cm<sup>–1</sup> at 25 °C, which surpasses all known organic SSEs. This single Li<sup>+</sup> ion conductor achieved over 200 times cyclability in Li and LiFePO<sub>4</sub> cells, representing a substantial step toward developing better organic SSEs.</p>","PeriodicalId":19,"journal":{"name":"ACS Materials Letters","volume":"9 11","pages":"5341–5348 5341–5348"},"PeriodicalIF":19.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142608031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ACS Materials LettersPub Date : 2024-10-09DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.4c0187810.1021/acsenergylett.4c01878
Yue Zheng, Lei Hu, Wenru Li, Tianpeng Huang, Jun Ma*, Shanmu Dong* and Guanglei Cui*,
{"title":"In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy Advancing Cathodal Dynamic Visualization in All-Solid-State Battery","authors":"Yue Zheng, Lei Hu, Wenru Li, Tianpeng Huang, Jun Ma*, Shanmu Dong* and Guanglei Cui*, ","doi":"10.1021/acsenergylett.4c0187810.1021/acsenergylett.4c01878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.4c01878https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.4c01878","url":null,"abstract":"<p >All-solid-state battery (ASSB) technology is one of the most promising approaches to energy storage due to its great safety and energy density. However, the detrimental effects of cathodal structure/morphology/composition/conductivity evolution on electrochemical performance significantly restrict the development of ASSBs. To elaborately investigate these cathodal dynamic evolution processes and deterioration mechanisms of ASSBs, <i>in situ</i> transmission electron microscopy (TEM) technology has been extensively introduced into the ASSB research. This paper discusses the latest important scientific discoveries toward cathodal dynamic evolution in multitype ASSBs through <i>in situ</i> TEM and highlights key challenges for <i>in situ</i> TEM to analyze ASSB cathodes with a higher spatial resolution. Lastly, insights for future directions of <i>in situ</i> TEM monitoring multiscale electro-chemo-mechanical evolution of ASSBs are prospectively provided. This Review will deepen the fundamental understanding of cathodal dynamic mechanisms and open new opportunities for the optimization and development of <i>in situ</i> TEM in ASSBs.</p>","PeriodicalId":19,"journal":{"name":"ACS Materials Letters","volume":"9 11","pages":"5296–5309 5296–5309"},"PeriodicalIF":19.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142609441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ACS Materials LettersPub Date : 2024-10-09eCollection Date: 2024-11-04DOI: 10.1021/acsmaterialslett.4c01455
Ajay Piriya Vijaya Kumar Saroja, Yupei Han, Charlie A F Nason, Gopinathan Sankar, Pan He, Yi Lu, Henry R Tinker, Andrew Stewart, Veronica Celorrio, Min Zhou, Jiayan Luo, Yang Xu
{"title":"Cationic and Anionic Dual Redox Activity of MoS<sub>2</sub> for Electrochemical Potassium Storage.","authors":"Ajay Piriya Vijaya Kumar Saroja, Yupei Han, Charlie A F Nason, Gopinathan Sankar, Pan He, Yi Lu, Henry R Tinker, Andrew Stewart, Veronica Celorrio, Min Zhou, Jiayan Luo, Yang Xu","doi":"10.1021/acsmaterialslett.4c01455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmaterialslett.4c01455","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>MoS<sub>2</sub> is regarded as one of the most promising potassium-ion battery (PIB) anodes. Despite the great progress to enhance its electrochemical performance, understanding of the electrochemical mechanism to store K-ions in MoS<sub>2</sub> remains unclear. This work reports that the K storage process in MoS<sub>2</sub> follows a complex reaction pathway involving the conversion reactions of Mo and S, showing both cationic redox activity of Mo and anionic redox activity of S. The presence of dual redox activity, characterized in-depth through synchrotron X-ray absorption, X-ray photoelectron, Raman, and UV-vis spectroscopies, reveals that the irreversible Mo oxidation during the depotassiation process directs the reaction pathway toward S oxidation, which leads to the occurrence of K-S electrochemistry in the (de)potassiation process. Moreover, the dual reaction pathway can be adjusted by controlling the discharge depth at different cycling stages of MoS<sub>2</sub>, realizing a long-term stable cycle life of MoS<sub>2</sub> as a PIB anode.</p>","PeriodicalId":19,"journal":{"name":"ACS Materials Letters","volume":"6 11","pages":"5031-5038"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11539095/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142602234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ACS Materials LettersPub Date : 2024-10-09DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.4c0209810.1021/acsenergylett.4c02098
Chwenhaw Liao, Runmin Tao, Guoliang Wang, Weiyuan Duan, Jueming Bing, Christopher G. Bailey, Tik Lun Leung, Zhuofeng Li, Chiung-Han Chen, Laura Granados Caro, Zeljko Pastuovic, Stefania Peracchi, Ryan Drury, Alan Xu, Ceri Brenner, Dane R. McCamey, Hieu T. Nguyen, Andreas Lambertz, Chu-Chen Chueh, Kaining Ding, David R. McKenzie, Jianghui Zheng*, Md Arafat Mahmud* and Anita W. Y. Ho-Baillie*,
{"title":"Gas Quenched Alternating Cations in the Interlayer Space Quasi-2D (GA)(MA)5Pb5I16 Perovskite for Radiation Tolerant Single Junction and Stable Monolithic Quasi-2D Perovskite-Silicon Tandem Solar Cells","authors":"Chwenhaw Liao, Runmin Tao, Guoliang Wang, Weiyuan Duan, Jueming Bing, Christopher G. Bailey, Tik Lun Leung, Zhuofeng Li, Chiung-Han Chen, Laura Granados Caro, Zeljko Pastuovic, Stefania Peracchi, Ryan Drury, Alan Xu, Ceri Brenner, Dane R. McCamey, Hieu T. Nguyen, Andreas Lambertz, Chu-Chen Chueh, Kaining Ding, David R. McKenzie, Jianghui Zheng*, Md Arafat Mahmud* and Anita W. Y. Ho-Baillie*, ","doi":"10.1021/acsenergylett.4c0209810.1021/acsenergylett.4c02098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.4c02098https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.4c02098","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Here, we report gas-quenched quasi-2D (GA)(MA)<sub>5</sub>Pb<sub>5</sub>I<sub>16</sub> perovskites for single junction solar cells and monolithic-silicon tandem solar cells. This is the first time quasi-2D (GA)(MA)<sub>5</sub>Pb<sub>5</sub>I<sub>16</sub> perovskite cells have been tested with proton beams, showing excellent tolerance. A representative tandem cell also passed the IEC 61215 Thermal Cycling Test (−40 °C ↔ 85 °C) twice, retaining 95.0% of its initial PCE after 400 cycles.</p>","PeriodicalId":19,"journal":{"name":"ACS Materials Letters","volume":"9 11","pages":"5310–5318 5310–5318"},"PeriodicalIF":19.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142609439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ACS Materials LettersPub Date : 2024-10-09DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.4c0248010.1021/acsenergylett.4c02480
Byoungchul Kwon, Alexandra Schraiber and Judith A. Jeevarajan*,
{"title":"Evaluating Fire and Smoke Risks with Lithium-Ion Cells, Modules, and Batteries","authors":"Byoungchul Kwon, Alexandra Schraiber and Judith A. Jeevarajan*, ","doi":"10.1021/acsenergylett.4c0248010.1021/acsenergylett.4c02480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.4c02480https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.4c02480","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The study included characterization of the components of fire and smoke during thermal runaway for NMC and LFP cells, modules, and batteries and to determine if the size and volume of fire and smoke released scaleup linearly when one goes from the cell to module and then to a battery configuration for the same cathode chemistry. Thermal runaway tests were conducted in ambient as well as inert environments to characterize gas release with and without combustion. During thermal runaway, the test articles exhibited fire, smoke, or both. Gas analysis exhibited hydrocarbons as well as hydrogen and carbon dioxide that could accumulate above the lower flammability limit (LFL) of the gas mixture if released into an enclosure. The nature of fire and volume of smoke released do not always scale linearly with an increasing number of cells, showing that testing in the relevant configuration and environment is imperative. A good understanding of gases released into a certain enclosed space will help with safer vent and deflagration designs and provide a warning to first responders and firefighters of the expected nature of gases.</p>","PeriodicalId":19,"journal":{"name":"ACS Materials Letters","volume":"9 11","pages":"5319–5328 5319–5328"},"PeriodicalIF":19.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acsenergylett.4c02480","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142609440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ACS Materials LettersPub Date : 2024-10-08eCollection Date: 2024-11-04DOI: 10.1021/acsmaterialslett.4c01899
Martina Rimmele, Zhuoran Qiao, Filip Aniés, Adam V Marsh, Aren Yazmaciyan, George Harrison, Shadi Fatayer, Nicola Gasparini, Martin Heeney
{"title":"Energy Level Tuning in Conjugated Donor Polymers by Chalcogen Exchange for Low Dark Current Organic Photodetectors.","authors":"Martina Rimmele, Zhuoran Qiao, Filip Aniés, Adam V Marsh, Aren Yazmaciyan, George Harrison, Shadi Fatayer, Nicola Gasparini, Martin Heeney","doi":"10.1021/acsmaterialslett.4c01899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmaterialslett.4c01899","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The performance of organic photodetectors (OPDs) using conjugated polymer donors and molecular acceptors has improved rapidly, but many polymers are difficult to upscale due to their complex structures. This study examines two low-complexity thiophene copolymers with substituted benzooxadiazole (<b>FO6-BO-T</b>) or benzothiadiazole (<b>FO6-T</b>). Substituting sulfur with oxygen in <b>FO6-BO-T</b> increased its ionization energy without affecting the optical gap. When blended with the nonfullerene acceptor IDSe, <b>FO6-BO-T</b> showed a significantly lower dark current density (2.06·10<sup>-9</sup> A cm<sup>-2</sup> at -2 V) compared to <b>FO6-T</b>. Grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) measurements demonstrated that pristine <b>FO6-BO-T</b> exhibited a more ordered morphology than <b>FO6-T</b>. However, blending resulted in a significant disruption to the ordered domains in both cases, with a loss of orientational order, suggesting that <b>FO6-BO-T</b>'s improved performance is largely related to its increased ionization energy. This study demonstrates the potential of chalcogen atom engineering to enhance the performance of the OPD in scalable polymers.</p>","PeriodicalId":19,"journal":{"name":"ACS Materials Letters","volume":"6 11","pages":"5006-5015"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11539101/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142602236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ACS Materials LettersPub Date : 2024-10-08DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.4c0187510.1021/acsenergylett.4c01875
Omar E. Solis, Miriam Mínguez-Avellán, Pablo F. Betancur, Raúl I. Sánchez- Alarcón, Isabelle Rodriguez, Juan P. Martínez-Pastor, Teresa S. Ripolles*, Rafael Abargues* and Pablo P. Boix*,
{"title":"Adjusting the Crystallization of Tin Perovskites through Thiophene Additives for Improved Photovoltaic Stability","authors":"Omar E. Solis, Miriam Mínguez-Avellán, Pablo F. Betancur, Raúl I. Sánchez- Alarcón, Isabelle Rodriguez, Juan P. Martínez-Pastor, Teresa S. Ripolles*, Rafael Abargues* and Pablo P. Boix*, ","doi":"10.1021/acsenergylett.4c0187510.1021/acsenergylett.4c01875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.4c01875https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.4c01875","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Tin-based perovskites (Sn-PVK) are promising lead-free alternatives for efficient photovoltaic technology, but they face challenges related to bulk and surface defects due to suboptimal crystallization and Sn<sup>2+</sup> oxidation. Introducing thiophene-2-ethylammonium halides (TEAX, where X = I, Br, Cl) improves FASnI<sub>3</sub> crystallization and reduces Sn<sup>4+</sup> formation. This is achieved by adjusting the crystallization dynamics through the formation of a complex between S and Sn during the preparation of the precursor solution, which also inhibits Sn<sup>2+</sup> oxidation in the resulting films. In solar cells, these additives boost power conversion efficiency (PCE) from 6.6% (without additives) to 9.4% (using TEABr), with further enhancement to 12% by adjusting selective contacts. The addition of TEAX also increases the Sn<sup>2+</sup> content, outperforming control. Devices with TEABr maintained over 95% of their initial PCE after 2000 h in N<sub>2</sub> under continuous operation with 1 sun simulated illumination.</p>","PeriodicalId":19,"journal":{"name":"ACS Materials Letters","volume":"9 11","pages":"5288–5295 5288–5295"},"PeriodicalIF":19.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acsenergylett.4c01875","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142609460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}