Parkinsonism & related disorders最新文献

{"title":"Late-onset cerebellar ataxia associated with XRCC1: Expanding the phenotypic spectrum","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.parkreldis.2026.108184","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.parkreldis.2026.108184","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19970,"journal":{"name":"Parkinsonism & related disorders","volume":"144 ","pages":"Article 108184"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145904016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter to the editor: Acupuncture as a phenotype-specific adjunct for fear-of-falling in Parkinson's disease","authors":"Dandan Wang ,&nbsp;Ying Chen,&nbsp;Zhicun Han","doi":"10.1016/j.parkreldis.2026.108185","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.parkreldis.2026.108185","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Fear-of-falling (FoF) in Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex symptom with heterogeneous drivers. Recent work by Onder et al. (2026) delineated three distinct FoF phenotypes, highlighting anxiety as an independent predictor and emphasizing the need for personalized therapeutic strategies beyond conventional motor-focused approaches.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This perspective analyzes the pathophysiological rationale and existing preclinical and clinical evidence supporting acupuncture as a phenotype-specific adjunctive therapy. We evaluate evidence for its mechanisms (e.g., HPA axis modulation, dopaminergic pathway enhancement) and match these to the dominant drivers (anxiety, gait impairment, pervasive motor disability) identified in the FoF phenotypic framework.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Acupuncture demonstrates potential for modulating neurobiological substrates relevant to different FoF phenotypes. For the anxiety-dominant phenotype, it may alleviate symptoms via autonomic regulation. For motor-dominant phenotypes, it may improve postural stability and gait parameters, possibly through neuromodulation of motor circuits. Its favorable safety profile supports its feasibility as an adjunctive intervention.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The phenotypic model of FoF provides a critical framework for personalizing treatment. Acupuncture represents a promising, tailored adjunctive therapy targeting the specific neuropsychiatric and motor mechanisms underlying different FoF phenotypes. Future high-quality, phenotype-stratified clinical trials are warranted to evaluate its efficacy and integrate it into comprehensive PD management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19970,"journal":{"name":"Parkinsonism & related disorders","volume":"144 ","pages":"Article 108185"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145904017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"N-Acetylcysteine is associated with changes in functional connectivity in patients with Parkinson's disease","authors":"Daniel A. Monti ,&nbsp;George Zabrecky ,&nbsp;Daniel Kremens ,&nbsp;Tsao-Wei Liang ,&nbsp;Nancy A. Wintering ,&nbsp;Faezeh Vedaei ,&nbsp;Emily Navarreto ,&nbsp;Monisha Gupta ,&nbsp;Alicia Steinmetz ,&nbsp;Anthony J. Bazzan ,&nbsp;Feroze Mohammed ,&nbsp;Andrew B. Newberg","doi":"10.1016/j.parkreldis.2026.108216","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.parkreldis.2026.108216","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>This study assessed the changes in functional connectivity from resting functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) given N-Acetylcysteine (NAC), the prodrug to L-cysteine and a precursor to the natural biological antioxidant glutathione (GSH). The aim of this study was to determine whether NAC is associated with changes in functional connectivity, particularly in the basal ganglia, and improvements in Parkinson's symptoms.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Forty-four patients with PD were randomized to either weekly intravenous infusions of NAC (50 mg/kg) plus oral doses (500 mg twice per day) for six months plus standard of care, or standard of care only. Participants received pre and post brain imaging with resting Blood Oxygen Level Dependent (BOLD) MRI to measure functional connectivity between key brain regions involved with PD. These findings were compared to changes in PD symptoms as measured by the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There were significant differences in the NAC group compared to the control group in functional connectivity measures after NAC. Specifically, there was significantly different functional connectivity between basal ganglia structures and the precuneus, precentral gyrus, postcentral gyrus, and particularly the Rolandic operculum. Changes in the precuneus also correlated with changes in UPDRS scores.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The results suggest that NAC may positively affect brain functional connectivity in PD patients, with corresponding positive clinical effects. Larger scale studies are warranted.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19970,"journal":{"name":"Parkinsonism & related disorders","volume":"144 ","pages":"Article 108216"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146079169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive and motor dual task costs reveal distinct gait impairment phenotypes in Parkinson's disease","authors":"Yu Wang ,&nbsp;Suyue Wang ,&nbsp;Jianing Mei ,&nbsp;Yang Zhou ,&nbsp;Yunzhe Tang ,&nbsp;Zijun Wei ,&nbsp;Qingliang Tao ,&nbsp;Xueyi Han ,&nbsp;Jiyuan Hu ,&nbsp;Yuhu Shi ,&nbsp;Yunyun Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.parkreldis.2026.108203","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.parkreldis.2026.108203","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The clinical phenotypes and determinants of heterogeneous dual task gait impairment in Parkinson's disease (PD) remain unclear. We aimed to identify subtypes of dual task gait impairment in PD by comparing cognitive and motor dual task costs (DTC) and to elucidate their independent clinical correlates.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This multicenter, cross-sectional study enrolled 268 PD patients. Participants underwent comprehensive clinical assessments and dual task Timed Up and Go (TUG) tests in the “OFF” state. K-means clustering was used to classify patients based on cognitive and motor DTC. Multiple linear regression models identified clinical predictors.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We identified three subtypes: “Dual Task Resilient” (n = 136), “Motor DTC Dominant” (MDD) (n = 84), and “Cognitive DTC Dominant” (CDD) (n = 48). A clinical dissociation was evident: the MDD subtype had worse motor function and mood, while the CDD subtype had poorer executive and global cognition. Regression confirmed that the Postural Instability and Gait Disorder (PIGD) score was the strongest predictor of motor DTC (β = 0.09, p = 0.002). Poorer Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) (β = −0.08, p = 0.002) and Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) (β = −0.08, p = 0.038) scores were the strongest predictors of cognitive DTC.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>PD patients exhibit three distinct, data-driven phenotypes of dual-task gait impairment based on cognitive and motor DTC. This novel framework clarifies the heterogeneity of this common deficit and offers new targets for individualized rehabilitation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19970,"journal":{"name":"Parkinsonism & related disorders","volume":"144 ","pages":"Article 108203"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146079164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Why “change in management” is a poor measure for DaT scan usefulness","authors":"Joseph H. Friedman","doi":"10.1016/j.parkreldis.2026.108222","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.parkreldis.2026.108222","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19970,"journal":{"name":"Parkinsonism & related disorders","volume":"144 ","pages":"Article 108222"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146119705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-omics study identifies diagnostic metabolic signatures of early Parkinson's disease associated with dysregulated glutathione and TCA cycle metabolism","authors":"Ning Wang ,&nbsp;Xian Li ,&nbsp;Bowen Li ,&nbsp;Xu-Ying Li ,&nbsp;Hong Lai ,&nbsp;Junge Zhu ,&nbsp;Tingyan Yao ,&nbsp;Qingxiu Zhu ,&nbsp;Guanghou Shui ,&nbsp;Sin Man Lam ,&nbsp;Chaodong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.parkreldis.2026.108230","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.parkreldis.2026.108230","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The development of non-invasive diagnostic tools for Parkinson's disease (PD) remains an unmet clinical need. Given the contribution by peripheral metabolism and environmental factors toward PD pathogenesis, comprehensive profiling of the plasma phenome could enable early disease detection. Accordingly, this study aimed to develop a non-invasive diagnostic panel for PD, to comprehensively characterize potential environmental triggers of PD pathogenesis, and to delineate the relationship between peripheral metabolism and disease progression.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We performed quantitative plasma phenome profiling – including metabolomics, lipidomics and bile acid analysis – in two independent cohorts of early PD (n = 226, median disease duration &lt;5 years) comprising predominantly treated and treatment-naive patients, respectively, and healthy controls (HCs; n = 122) to identify PD-associated metabolites. Longitudinal analyses were conducted in a patient subset over a two-year follow-up. Longitudinal analyses (2 years) and trans-omics integration were applied.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Trans-omics integration showed glutathione metabolism dysregulation, with reduced plasma γ-glutamyl peptides and elevated sphingomyelin linked to motor dysfunction; higher baseline γ-glutamyl peptides predicted worse motor prognosis in PD. Reduced sphingosine-1-phosphates (S1Ps) and lysophosphatidic acids (LPAs) were correlated with abated tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and motor deterioration. A three-metabolite panel (pyroglutamic acid, 2-methylbutyrylglycine, α-ketoisovaleric acid), selected via LASSO regression, robustly discriminated early PD from HCs, consistently outperforming clinical indices and lipid/bile acid panels (Discovery AUROC = 0.97 [0.96–0.99]; Validation AUROC = 0.83 [0.75–0.91]).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our findings demonstrate the clinical utility of plasma metabolites as robust, medication-independent biomarkers for early PD diagnosis, and delineate disease-associated metabolic deficits as potential targets for nutritional/metabolic intervention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19970,"journal":{"name":"Parkinsonism & related disorders","volume":"144 ","pages":"Article 108230"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146125682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Compartment-specific correlation of pathological α-synuclein in prodromal Parkinson's disease","authors":"Sinah Röttgen ,&nbsp;Michael Sommerauer ,&nbsp;Shijun Yan ,&nbsp;Carolin Hungerland ,&nbsp;Gereon R. Fink ,&nbsp;Anja Ophey ,&nbsp;Michael T. Barbe ,&nbsp;Laura Müller ,&nbsp;Gültekin Tamgüney ,&nbsp;George K. Tofaris","doi":"10.1016/j.parkreldis.2026.108178","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.parkreldis.2026.108178","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Neuronal α-synuclein dyshomeostasis and aggregation are essential features of early Parkinson's disease, as seen in isolated REM sleep behavior disorder (iRBD). The link between these pathologies across body compartments remains unclear. Our aim was to assess correlations between α-synuclein aggregates in stool and urine with α-synuclein content in neuronally derived L1CAM extracellular vesicles (L1EVs) from serum in iRBD.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a cross-sectional study, analyzing concurrent biobank samples from 46 individuals with iRBD to quantify α-synuclein aggregates in stool and urine with surface-based fluorescence intensity distribution analysis (sFIDA) and α-synuclein content in L1EVs using electrochemiluminescence.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Corrected for age and sex, α-synuclein concentrations in L1EVs significantly correlated with stool aggregate concentration. No significant correlation was observed between α-synuclein concentration in L1EVs and urine, nor between urine and stool aggregates.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The correlation of serum and stool α-synuclein suggests shared or linked pathology across these compartments, whereas the urinary compartment may be pathophysiologically distinct in prodromal Parkinson's Disease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19970,"journal":{"name":"Parkinsonism & related disorders","volume":"144 ","pages":"Article 108178"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145928756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term outcomes associated with istradefylline versus catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitors in patients with Parkinson's disease: a nationwide real-world cohort study","authors":"Chengsheng Ju ,&nbsp;Kiyoshi Kubota ,&nbsp;Xi Xiong ,&nbsp;Tsugumichi Sato ,&nbsp;Camille Carroll ,&nbsp;Anette Schrag ,&nbsp;Li Wei ,&nbsp;Thomas Foltynie","doi":"10.1016/j.parkreldis.2026.108211","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.parkreldis.2026.108211","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Istradefylline, a selective adenosine A_2A receptor antagonist, is approved as an adjunct to levodopa in Parkinson's disease, but its long-term effects on clinically meaningful outcomes are unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>We aimed to compare the association of istradefylline versus catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitors with mortality, treatment escalation, and disease progression in levodopa-treated Parkinson's disease.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a nationwide cohort study emulating a target trial using the DeSC claims database in Japan. Patients aged ≥50 years with levodopa-treated Parkinson's disease between 2014 and 2023 were included. Strategies were initiation of istradefylline versus COMT inhibitors. Primary outcomes were all-cause mortality, levodopa-equivalent daily dose (LEDD) escalation to ≥1100 mg, and dementia or psychosis. Secondary outcomes were fractures, cardiovascular events, pneumonia, and depression. Intention-to-treat and per-protocol effects were estimated using Cox models with propensity score–based overlap weighting.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We identified 3190 istradefylline and 7986 COMT inhibitor initiators. In intention-to-treat analysis, istradefylline was associated with lower risks of mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 0.91; 95 % CI 0.84–0.99) and LEDD escalation (HR 0.83; 95 % CI 0.73–0.94). Associations were stronger in per-protocol analysis (mortality: HR 0.84, 95 % CI 0.72–0.97; LEDD escalation: HR 0.71, 95 % CI 0.59–0.84). Istradefylline was linked to higher fracture risk (intention-to-treat HR 1.13, 95 % CI 1.02–1.25; per protocol HR 1.23, 95 % CI 1.07–1.41). No differences were observed for dementia, psychosis, or other outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Istradefylline was associated with reduced mortality and treatment escalation but increased fracture risk compared with COMT inhibitors, supporting further evaluation of adenosine A_2A antagonists.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19970,"journal":{"name":"Parkinsonism & related disorders","volume":"144 ","pages":"Article 108211"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146119582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Positron emission tomography imaging of the cholinergic system in parkinsonian tremor","authors":"Miriam Højholt Terkelsen ,&nbsp;Andreas Myhre Baun ,&nbsp;Morten Gersel Stokholm ,&nbsp;Erik Hvid Danielsen ,&nbsp;Mette Møller ,&nbsp;Rikke Naan Valdemarsen ,&nbsp;Arne Møller ,&nbsp;David J. Brooks ,&nbsp;Eduardo Tolosa ,&nbsp;Nicola Pavese","doi":"10.1016/j.parkreldis.2026.108212","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.parkreldis.2026.108212","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>It is believed that anticholinergics alleviate tremor and rigidity in Parkinson's (PD) by counteracting a relative cholinergic overactivity in motor regions, but this remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate possible cholinergic alterations in tremor dominant (TD) PD that may back use of anticholinergics.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Twelve PD patients [six with TD and six with non-tremor dominant (nTD) phenotype] and six healthy controls (HC) underwent cholinergic positron emission tomography with [¹¹C]-donepezil. Participants were assessed with the Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We found no increases of [¹¹C]-donepezil binding in cortical or subcortical areas of either PD group compared with HC. Compared with HC, [¹¹C]-donepezil binding was significantly decreased in the thalamus of nTD patients (p = 0.0463) but not in TD patients. This was confirmed by voxel-wise analyses that found further significant decreases in hippocampus, caudate, parahippocampus, cerebellar vermis, and lower part of mesencephalon of nTD PD patients compared with HC (p = 0.000). However, no significant differences in [¹¹C]-donepezil binding were found in the direct comparison between TD and nTD PD patients.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our study provides evidence that TD PD patients might have relatively preserved cholinergic function in tremor-associated regions. However, anticholinergics should be used with caution when treating parkinsonian tremor due to their side effect profile.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19970,"journal":{"name":"Parkinsonism & related disorders","volume":"144 ","pages":"Article 108212"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146125714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diverse paths of phenotypic evolution in functional movement disorders: A longitudinal perspective","authors":"Daniel S. Marín-Medina ,&nbsp;Gala Lopez ,&nbsp;Malco Rossi ,&nbsp;Marcelo Merello","doi":"10.1016/j.parkreldis.2025.108059","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.parkreldis.2025.108059","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Functional Movement Disorders (FMD) exhibit a variable course over time. Understanding FMD phenotype trajectories may improve knowledge of its natural history and prognosis.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Retrospective study of FMD patients seen at a tertiary movement disorders clinic (2011–2024). Motor symptoms before the first consultation T(-1), FMD phenotype at first consultation T(0), and FMD phenotype at last consultation T(1), were considered. We compared the clinical and demographic characteristics of patients who modified the phenotype from T(0)<strong>→</strong>T(1) versus those who did not.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 112 patients (81.2 % female, mean age at onset 46.0 ± 18.8 years), the most common FMD phenotypes were mixed, tremor, and dystonia, with a median time from onset to T(0) of 15 (8–48) months, and follow-up of 21.7 (7.9–54.8) months.</div><div>Motor symptoms at T(-1) were mainly tremor and gait disorders. One-third of patients had changed the motor symptoms from T(-1)→T(0), mostly to mixed forms. From T(0)→T(1), 13.2 % of patients displayed a change in the phenotype, mainly from dystonia, tremor, and parkinsonism to mixed FMD.</div><div>Family dysfunction, variability within the same phenotype, change in location, and worse patient-reported status were more frequent in patients with phenotype modification. Logistic multivariable analysis showed that functional dystonia at T(0), adjusted for within-phenotype movement variability, predicted phenotype modification.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>FMD patients often showed changes in phenotype over time, tending toward more mixed forms. Certain clinical features may help predict these changes, emphasizing the importance of continued follow-up.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19970,"journal":{"name":"Parkinsonism & related disorders","volume":"144 ","pages":"Article 108059"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145138421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}