Parkinsonism & related disorders最新文献

{"title":"Clinical trial eligibility in PSP: Population representativeness and potential criteria adjustment based on PSP-NET findings","authors":"Filomena Abate ,&nbsp;Francesca Di Biasio ,&nbsp;Roberta Marchese ,&nbsp;Tiziana Benzi Markushi ,&nbsp;Andrea Ciammola ,&nbsp;Nicola Ticozzi ,&nbsp;Giovanna Calandra-Buonaura ,&nbsp;Ilaria Cani ,&nbsp;Luisa Sambati ,&nbsp;Giovanni Fabbrini ,&nbsp;Matteo Costanzo ,&nbsp;Andrea Soricelli ,&nbsp;Daniela Frosini ,&nbsp;Eleonora Del Prete ,&nbsp;Tommaso Schirinzi ,&nbsp;Alessandro Stefani ,&nbsp;Barbara Borroni ,&nbsp;Alessandro Padovani ,&nbsp;Paolo Barone ,&nbsp;Marina Picillo ,&nbsp;Laura De Togni","doi":"10.1016/j.parkreldis.2024.107226","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.parkreldis.2024.107226","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP) is a rare, heterogeneous neurodegenerative disease for which no treatment is currently available. In the context of clinical trials, the representativeness of the included patients is crucial for the generalizability of the results. Herein, we present results from a multicenter perspective study to identify the most restrictive criteria for patient selection and to assess the representativeness of eligible patients.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>we enrolled 221 PSP patients diagnosed according to the MDS clinical criteria. All patients were screened with a set of inclusion and exclusion criteria based on previous and ongoing clinical trials in PSP and underwent motor and cognitive evaluation with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment battery and the PSP rating scale, respectively. Then, clinical features of eligible and non-eligible patients were compared at baseline and after 15,93 ± 8,77 months follow up.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Eligible (28 patients, 12,6 %) patients were younger, showed shorter disease duration and lower severity but similar distribution of PSP phenotype and disease progression rates compared to non-eligible patients. The most restrictive non-modifiable criteria were independent gait, disease duration and cognitive status. Willingness to undergo lumbar puncture and treatment stability for previous 60 days represented potentially modifiable criteria.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Overall, PSP eligible for clinical trials are representative of the general PSP population. While motor and cognitive impairment represent the most important non-modifiable barriers to enter a clinical trial, other criteria as willingness to undergo lumbar puncture and treatment stability are potentially modifiable. Specific strategies are discussed to increase the number of eligible patients working on potentially modifiable criteria.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19970,"journal":{"name":"Parkinsonism & related disorders","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 107226"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142864960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of mild cognitive impairment in older patients with essential tremor","authors":"Miki Hashida ,&nbsp;Satoshi Maesawa ,&nbsp;Satomi Mizuno ,&nbsp;Sachiko Kato ,&nbsp;Yoshiki Ito ,&nbsp;Manabu Mutoh ,&nbsp;Takahiro Suzuki ,&nbsp;Tomotaka Ishizaki ,&nbsp;Takafumi Tanei ,&nbsp;Takashi Tsuboi ,&nbsp;Masashi Suzuki ,&nbsp;Daisuke Nakatsubo ,&nbsp;Takahiko Tsugawa ,&nbsp;Epifanio Bagarinao ,&nbsp;Toshihiko Wakabayashi ,&nbsp;Masahisa Katsuno ,&nbsp;Ryuta Saito","doi":"10.1016/j.parkreldis.2024.107228","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.parkreldis.2024.107228","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Recent studies have reported that essential tremor (ET) presents with not only motor symptoms but also cognitive dysfunction. However, detailed pathological mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we evaluate the characteristics of cognitive changes in older patients.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Eighty-five patients aged 65 years or older with ET but without dementia were evaluated for cognitive function using the Addenbrooke Cognitive Examination Revised (ACE-R). The patients were compared with healthy controls (HCs), and the characteristics of cognitive dysfunction were examined. Age at onset and correlations with tremor severity were also investigated. Moreover, we performed resting-state network (RSNs) analysis in a subset of these patients, and the functional connectivity (FC) within the networks was compared with age-matched controls.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Compared to HCs, older patients with ET showed a clear reduction in the total (<em>p</em> = 0.001), attention (<em>p</em> = 0.005), verbal fluency (<em>p</em> = 0.001), and memory (<em>p</em> = 0.001) ACE-R scores. Older-onset patients showed significant cognitive dysfunction compared with younger-onset patients. Verbal fluency correlated with tremor severity in the multiple regression analysis (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). RSNs showed an increase in FC in the frontal lobes within the language network in patients with ET compared to HCs (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05, FWE-corrected).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Older patients with ET showed obvious cognitive dysfunction compared to HCs, indicating that cognitive dysfunction varies by age of onset and correlates with tremor severity. The results of the RSNs analysis suggest that the pathological mechanism of cognitive dysfunction in ET patients involves network changes similar to those in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19970,"journal":{"name":"Parkinsonism & related disorders","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 107228"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142824422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short-term cognitive practice effects in Parkinson's disease: More than meets the eye","authors":"Kevin Duff ,&nbsp;Julia V. Vehar ,&nbsp;Daniel Weintraub","doi":"10.1016/j.parkreldis.2024.107245","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.parkreldis.2024.107245","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Although practice effects (PE) on repeated cognitive testing have received growing interest in Alzheimer's disease, they have been understudied in Parkinson's disease (PD). The current paper examined PE across one week in a sample of patients with PD via traditional methods and regression-based change scores, as well as if these change scores relate to clinical variables in PD.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Thirty-five patients with PD were administered a brief cognitive battery twice across approximately one week. Using both simple-difference and standardized regression-based change scores, a series of one-sample and independent <em>t-</em>tests were calculated to assess for PE across the test battery. Pearson correlations examined both types of change scores and measures of mood and severity of motor symptoms.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Whereas traditional analyses (i.e., simple difference scores and dependent <em>t</em>-tests) did not reveal any changes on test scores over this interval, regression-based change scores did identify that these individuals showed significantly smaller-than-expected PE on three of the seven cognitive scores. Furthermore, when these regression-based change scores were trichotomized (decline/stable/improve), four of the seven tests showed significantly more decline than expected in this sample. Finally, these regression-based change scores significantly correlated with motor measures, with smaller PE being associated with worse motor functioning.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Although these results are preliminary and need to be replicated in larger and more diverse samples, smaller-than-expected PE are seen in PD and they may signal more advanced disease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19970,"journal":{"name":"Parkinsonism & related disorders","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 107245"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142872782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Speech-in-noise hearing impairment is associated with increased risk of Parkinson's: A UK biobank analysis","authors":"Megan Rose Readman ,&nbsp;Yang Wang ,&nbsp;Fang Wan ,&nbsp;Ian Fairman ,&nbsp;Sally A. Linkenauger ,&nbsp;Trevor J. Crawford ,&nbsp;Christopher J. Plack","doi":"10.1016/j.parkreldis.2024.107219","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.parkreldis.2024.107219","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Hearing impairment is implicated as a risk factor for Parkinson's disease (Parkinson's) incidence, with evidence suggesting that clinically diagnosed hearing loss increases Parkinson's risk 1.5–1.6 fold over 2–5 years follow up. However, the evidence is not unanimous with additional studies observing that self-reported hearing capabilities do not significantly influence Parkinson's incidence. Thus, additional cohort analyses that draw on alternative auditory measures are required to further corroborate the link between Parkinson's and hearing impairment.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To determine whether hearing impairment, estimated using a speech-in-noise test (the Digit Triplet Test, DTT), is a risk factor for Parkinson's incidence.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This was a pre-registered prospective cohort study using data from the UK Biobank. Data pertaining to 159,395 individuals, who underwent DTT testing and were free from Parkinson's at the point of assessment, were analysed. A Cox Proportional Hazard model, controlling for age, sex and educational attainment was conducted.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>During a median follow up of 14.24 years, 810 cases of probable Parkinson's were observed. The risk of incident Parkinson's increased with baseline hearing impairment [hazard ratio: 1.57 (95%CI: 1.018, 2.435; <em>P</em> = .041)], indicating 57 % increase in risk for every 10 dB increase in speech-reception threshold (SRT). However, when hearing impairment was categorised in accordance with UK Biobank SRT norms neither ‘Insufficient’ nor ‘Poor’ hearing significantly influenced Parkinson's risk compared to ‘Normal’ hearing.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The congruence of these findings with prior research further supports the existence of a relationship between hearing impairment and Parkinson's incidence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19970,"journal":{"name":"Parkinsonism & related disorders","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 107219"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142966290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regression-based thresholds to detect clinical changes in verbal fluency after STN-DBS in Parkinson's disease","authors":"Francesca Mameli ,&nbsp;Edoardo Nicolò Aiello ,&nbsp;Fabiana Ruggiero ,&nbsp;Eleonora Zirone ,&nbsp;Linda Borellini ,&nbsp;Filippo Cogiamanian ,&nbsp;Angelica Marfoli ,&nbsp;Federica Solca ,&nbsp;Barbara Poletti ,&nbsp;Nicola Ticozzi ,&nbsp;Sergio Barbieri ,&nbsp;Alberto Priori ,&nbsp;Roberta Ferrucci","doi":"10.1016/j.parkreldis.2025.107300","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.parkreldis.2025.107300","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) improves motor functions in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) but may cause a decline in specific cognitive domains including executive processes and language.</div><div>The aim of this study was to derive standardized regression-based (SRB) reliable change indices (RCIs) in an Italian cohort of Parkinson's patients undergoing STN-DBS to detect clinically meaningful variations in verbal fluency (VF) one year after surgery define.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Before (T0) and 12 months after (T1) surgery, 36 PD patients who underwent bilateral STN-DBS were evaluated with the Alternate Verbal Fluency Battery (AVFB), including phonemic (PVF), semantic (SVF) and alternate VF tests (AVF) and a composite shifting index (CSI). At T0, motor status was assessed using the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale-III (UPDRS-III) and L-dopa equivalent daily dose was recorded.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Group-level declines were limited to PVF and SVF scores. Applications of these RCIs revealed idiosyncratic patterns of longitudinal trends that differed from those at the group level. Indeed, when looking at individual performances, no clustered pattern of decline or improvement could be visibly detected. The UPDRS-III predicted T1 AVF and CSI scores.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our study provides Italian practitioners and researchers with SRB-RCIs to detect meaningful differences in the VF performance of PD patients undergoing STN-DBS one year after surgery. Variables associated with postoperative cognitive changes can be used in future studies to develop multivariable predictive models to support clinical decision making and patient counselling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19970,"journal":{"name":"Parkinsonism & related disorders","volume":"132 ","pages":"Article 107300"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143099992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between functional alterations and specific transcriptional expression patterns in craniocervical dystonia","authors":"Gang Liu ,&nbsp;Jiana Zhang ,&nbsp;Haoran Zhang ,&nbsp;Qinxiu Cheng ,&nbsp;Xiaodong Zhang ,&nbsp;Jun Liu ,&nbsp;Yuhan Luo ,&nbsp;Linchang Zhong ,&nbsp;Zhengkun Yang ,&nbsp;Yue Zhang ,&nbsp;Zilin Ou ,&nbsp;Zhicong Yan ,&nbsp;Weixi Zhang ,&nbsp;Kangqiang Peng ,&nbsp;Huiming Liu ,&nbsp;Jinping Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.parkreldis.2025.107315","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.parkreldis.2025.107315","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Craniocervical dystonia (CCD) is a large-scale network disorder that involves functional changes in multiple brain regions. However, the association between these functional changes and the underlying molecular mechanisms has not been explored.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>We aimed to characterize the molecular changes associated with the imaging-defined functional architecture of the brain in CCD.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data were obtained from 146 patients with CCD and 137 healthy controls (HCs). Differences in the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF), fractional ALFF (fALFF), and regional homogeneity (ReHo) were compared between groups. Transcriptomic data were obtained from the Allen Human Brain Atlas to identify the gene expression patterns underlying the affected functional architecture in CCD using partial least squares regression.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Compared to HCs, patients with CCD showed common functional alterations, mainly in the left middle occipital gyrus, right middle occipital gyrus, right calcarine, right precentral gyrus, and left postcentral gyrus. These functional alteration patterns were positively associated with 1763 genes (including five risk genes for dystonia) enriched for synaptic signaling, regulation of trans-synaptic signaling, and neuronal systems, while they were negatively associated with 2318 genes (including eight risk genes for dystonia), which were enriched for monoatomic cation transport, DNA damage response and neurodevelopment.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our study reveals a genetic pathological mechanism explaining CCD-related brain functional changes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19970,"journal":{"name":"Parkinsonism & related disorders","volume":"133 ","pages":"Article 107315"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143349540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Balance exercise interventions in Parkinson's disease: A systematic mapping review of components, progression, and intensity.","authors":"Andreas Wallin, Erika Franzén, Jakob Studsgaard, Mikkel Baltzer Hansen, Sverker Johansson, John Kodal Brincks","doi":"10.1016/j.parkreldis.2025.107310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2025.107310","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Rehabilitation in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) often includes balance training, but knowledge about optimal training content remains limited.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To describe the design, content, delivery, and reporting of balance training for individuals with PD, and furthermore, to map the systematic use and reporting of methods monitoring intensity in balance training interventions for individuals with PD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Six databases were searched. Interventions with at least 50 % of exercises challenging balance control were included. Balance training types (exergaming, multi-modal, sensory-motor integrated, and task-oriented) were categorized based on specific balance exercise components: motor (limits of stability, anticipatory motor strategies, reactive motor strategies, and control of dynamics), sensory (vestibular, visual, and somatosensory systems), and cognitive (dual-tasking in motor or cognitive activities). Training Frequency, Intensity, Time, Type, Volume, and Progression (FITT-VP principles) were extracted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 114 studies (interventions n = 126) with 5335 participants (mean age: 67.5 years; mean PD duration: 6.8 years) were included. The highest mean number of balance components was found in the multi-modal (5.8), followed by sensory-motor (5.6), task-oriented (4.2), and exergaming (4.0). Intensity strategies were reported in 93 % of the exergaming interventions, which was superior to the other training types (multi-modal (18 %), sensory-motor (17 %), and task-oriented (6 %)).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Multi-modal and sensory-motor interventions had a greater focus on challenging balance components compared to other types of training, while exergaming interventions demonstrated superior reporting of intensity strategies. Future research is encouraged to prioritize implementing intensity strategies and aim to incorporate a broader range of balance components within balance training exercises.</p>","PeriodicalId":19970,"journal":{"name":"Parkinsonism & related disorders","volume":" ","pages":"107310"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143364662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the causal relationships between lipid traits and dementia with lewy bodies: A mendelian randomization study.","authors":"Canwen Zhang, Xiaoshuang Liu, Juan Wang, Guoqing Zhou, Biao Geng, Ming Hu, Qin Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.parkreldis.2025.107312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2025.107312","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Disruptions in lipid metabolism have been implicated in various neurodegenerative diseases. However, the specific role of lipid species in the pathogenesis of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) remains poorly understood. This study aims to investigate potential causal relationships between lipid traits and DLB risk using Mendelian randomization (MR).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We employed MR analysis to assess causal associations between 179 lipid traits and DLB, utilizing data from comprehensive genome-wide association studies (GWAS). The lipid-related GWAS included 7174 participants, and the DLB-related GWAS included 2981 DLB cases and 4391 healthy controls.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Genetic predispositions to increased levels of phosphatidylinositol (PI) (18:1_20:4) were associated with an elevated risk of DLB. Conversely, genetic predispositions to increased levels of specific phosphatidylcholine (PC) species, including PC (O-18:1_20:4), PC (O-16:0_20:4) and PC (O-18:0_20:4), were found to be protective against DLB. Sensitivity analyses revealed no evidence of heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy among the selected instrumental variables.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our MR study identifies specific lipid species potentially causally linked to DLB risk. Elevated levels of PI (18:1_20:4) were associated with increased DLB risk, while higher levels of certain PC species were found to be protective. These findings offer new insights into the lipid-related mechanisms underlying DLB pathogenesis and highlight potential therapeutic targets.</p>","PeriodicalId":19970,"journal":{"name":"Parkinsonism & related disorders","volume":" ","pages":"107312"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143256022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ECHS 1 mutation: Expanding the genotype of adulthood onset cervico-brachial dystonia with sensorineural hearing loss","authors":"Saranya B. Gomathy DM ,&nbsp;Animesh Das DM ,&nbsp;Jasmine Parihar DM ,&nbsp;Rajesh Kumar Singh DM ,&nbsp;Deepti Vibha DM ,&nbsp;Manjari Tripathi DM","doi":"10.1016/j.parkreldis.2025.107303","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.parkreldis.2025.107303","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19970,"journal":{"name":"Parkinsonism & related disorders","volume":"132 ","pages":"Article 107303"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143099995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Botulinum neurotoxin and immunomodulation for treatment of hemimasticatory spasms associated with hemifacial atrophy and morphea","authors":"Farsana Mustafa ,&nbsp;Kanukuntla Sai Krishna ,&nbsp;Divya M. Radhakrishnan ,&nbsp;Binod K. Khaitan ,&nbsp;Sudheer Arava ,&nbsp;Sumanta Das ,&nbsp;Divyani Garg ,&nbsp;Ayush Agarwal ,&nbsp;Awadh Kishor Pandit ,&nbsp;Achal Kumar Srivastava","doi":"10.1016/j.parkreldis.2025.107304","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.parkreldis.2025.107304","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19970,"journal":{"name":"Parkinsonism & related disorders","volume":"132 ","pages":"Article 107304"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143387916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}