Pain Management Nursing最新文献

{"title":"The Effect of Immersive Virtual Reality Application on Anxiety, Pain, and Parental Satisfaction in the Perioperative Process of Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Aykut Turgut, Arzu Özcan İlçe, Hülya Öztürk","doi":"10.1016/j.pmn.2024.06.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmn.2024.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To determine the effects of virtual reality (VR) interventions on pre- and postoperative anxiety, pain, and parental satisfaction in children.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A randomized controlled trial.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Children undergoing surgery for the first time and their families were randomly assigned to the control or VR group. The control group received conventional education regarding the perioperative process. The VR group watched a VR video illustrating the operating theater and explaining the perioperative process. The primary outcome of interest was preoperative anxiety, evaluated using the Children's State Anxiety Scale. Secondary outcomes of interest included postoperative pain ratings using the Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale and parental satisfaction scores using the PedsQL Health Care Satisfaction Scale.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analysis included 70 children and their families (control = 35, VR = 35). Demographic characteristics were similar between the groups. Children in the VR group had significantly lower preoperative anxiety scores (p < .001) and postoperative anxiety scores (p = .010) compared to the control group. Parental satisfaction scores were significantly higher in the VR group (p < .001). The VR group had lower postoperative pain scores, but this difference was not statistically significant (p > .05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Preoperative education using VR tours may reduce preoperative anxiety and increase parental satisfaction. However, the lack of baseline measurements limits our ability to definitively attribute these effects to the VR intervention. Despite this, VR is a promising nonpharmacological strategy for managing children's anxiety and increasing parental satisfaction.</p><p><strong>Clinical implications: </strong>Virtual reality interventions offer an effective nonpharmacological strategy for perioperatively managing children's anxiety and increasing parental satisfaction.</p>","PeriodicalId":19959,"journal":{"name":"Pain Management Nursing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141492983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nursing and Chaplain Partnership for Pain Management: A Survey of Nurses.","authors":"Karen J Brannon, Zachary P Felix, Katherine R Meyers, Heather M Stamey, Sarah K Spilman","doi":"10.1016/j.pmn.2024.05.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmn.2024.05.011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Pain is a universal experience for hospitalized patients, with physical, psychological, spiritual, and cognitive implications. As hospitals seek to identify nonpharmaceutical options for managing acute pain, the role of chaplains has been overlooked. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the perceptions of nurses regarding chaplain involvement in pain management.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A survey was distributed to nurses to determine if they would request spiritual care services in various patient and family scenarios. Respondents were dichotomized into two groups based on self-report of whether they would contact a chaplain for patients with uncontrolled pain. Differences between groups were calculated using chi-square tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 45 nurse respondents, 27 (60%) reported they would not contact a chaplain for patients with uncontrolled pain. Nurses who would consult the chaplain for pain management did not differ from nurses who would not consult the chaplain in terms of their own religious identification, knowledge of patient religious documentation in the medical record, or past experience with chaplain services.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Study findings suggest that nurses' perceptions of chaplain involvement in pain management must be addressed prior to implementing a new hospital pain management protocol.</p><p><strong>Clinical implications: </strong>When developing and implementing new pain protocols based on holistic care of patients, hospitals should ensure that nursing staff are educated on when and how to incorporate chaplains as part of a holistic approach to managing acute pain.</p>","PeriodicalId":19959,"journal":{"name":"Pain Management Nursing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141437304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Foot Reflexology on Stress, Fatigue, and Low Back Pain in Intensive Care Unit Nurses: A Randomized Controlled Trial","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.pmn.2024.05.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmn.2024.05.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p><span>This study, which uses a randomized controlled design, aimed to determine the effect of foot reflexology on stress, fatigue, and low back pain (LBP) in </span>intensive care unit (ICU) nurses.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p><span><span>The study was conducted with intensive care unit nurses at two hospitals in a city between September 2022 and April 2023. The study sample consisted of 42 nurses, 21 of whom had low back pain for at least 3 months and 21 of whom were controls. In the study, foot reflexology was applied to the intervention group for 20 minutes (10 minutes on each foot) once a week for 4 weeks. There was no intervention applied to the control group. Data were collected using the Personal Information Form, the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), the </span>Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), and the </span>Visual Analog Scale (VAS).</p></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><p>Based on the change in the mean scores of the scale in the intervention and control groups over time, a statistically significant decrease was found between the pre-test (before foot reflexology) and post-test mean scores of the LBP-VAS (from 6.33 to 2.24, respectively) and the Fatigue Severity Scale (from 4.81 to 3.60, respectively) in the intervention group. Although there was no statistically significant difference between the perceived stress scale pre-test and post-test scores, it was found that there was a decrease in favor of the intervention group.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Foot reflexology appears to offer promise as an effective method for ICU nurses to reduce lower back pain and fatigue.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19959,"journal":{"name":"Pain Management Nursing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141427350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Biopsychosocial Stress Markers in Women With Fibromyalgia","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.pmn.2024.05.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmn.2024.05.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Identification of fibromyalgia has been a challenge for healthcare professionals due to the lack of a clinical biomarker. A well-supported integrative hypothesis holds that this condition is a chronic pain problem partly caused by long-term dysregulation of stress response. Therefore, stress assessment from a biopsychosocial perspective may be a useful approach to recognizing fibromyalgia.</p></div><div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>A cross-sectional case-control study was conducted to explore stress markers from a multidimensional perspective, including heart rate variability (as a biomarker of stress) as well as psychological distress and social stress.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Forty-seven women with fibromyalgia were recruited from support groups and another 47 were recruited as matched pain-free controls. Comparison and discriminant function analyses were performed.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The data support the goodness of biopsychosocial stress markers in women with fibromyalgia, resulting in the identification of between 70% and 74.5% of fibromyalgia cases (sensitivity) and 85%-87% pain-free controls (specificity), with medium-high levels of fit (λ = 0.58 and λ = 0.59; <em>p</em> &lt; .00). Women with fibromyalgia were characterized by high levels of psychological distress, social stress (disorder levels), and autonomic dysregulation. Although distress and social stress had a greater weight in discriminant functions, dysregulation in terms of low parasympathetic activity and high sympathetic activity at rest was also relevant.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>A biopsychosocial approach to stress with an objective biomarker such as heart rate variability may be a useful tool to identify and manage FM.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19959,"journal":{"name":"Pain Management Nursing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S152490422400167X/pdfft?md5=ecbee58439ac229806ff351526354733&pid=1-s2.0-S152490422400167X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141306466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Using Virtual Reality Technology on Pain and Hemodynamic Variables in Patients Receiving Hand Laceration Repair in an Emergency Department: A Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Masomeh Gharanli, Atye Babaii, Bahman Aghaie, Mohammad Abbasinia","doi":"10.1016/j.pmn.2024.05.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmn.2024.05.007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pain and altered hemodynamic variables are among the most common complications in patients undergoing hand laceration repair in an Emergency Department.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the effects of using virtual reality (VR) technology on pain and hemodynamic variables in patients receiving hand laceration repair in an Emergency Department.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This nonblinded randomized clinical trial included 160 patients undergoing laceration repair to their hands under local anesthetics from November 2020 to May 2021. The participants were randomly allocated to the experimental and control groups. Patients in the control group received routine care (such as ambient noise reduction, providing explanations about the surgery, and Lidocaine injection before the surgery). In the experimental group, a video containing natural landscapes and sounds was played using a semi-immersive VR headset during the surgery. Pain level and hemodynamic variables were measured immediately before and after the intervention. The pain was measured using the Critical Care Pain Observation Tool and Visual Analog Scale.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Immediately after the intervention, systolic blood pressure (BP), respiration rate, and pain intensity were significantly lower in the intervention group compared with the control group (p < .05). There were no significant differences between the intervention and control groups regarding diastolic BP, mean BP, SPO2, heart rate, and muscular tension (p > .05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Semi-immersive VR is effective in managing pain and hemodynamic variables during hand laceration repair. The nurses could use the semi-immersive VR to better control of pain and hemodynamic variables during hand laceration repair.</p>","PeriodicalId":19959,"journal":{"name":"Pain Management Nursing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141296519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pain Prevalence and Pain Management in Nursing Home Residents With Cognitive Impairment. Results From Five Multicenter Cross-Sectional Surveys in Germany Between 2014 and 2018","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.pmn.2024.05.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmn.2024.05.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><span>Pain management depends on continuous pain assessment and a pain concept. In particular, pain assessment and treatment are major challenges for nursing home residents (NHR) with </span>cognitive impairment (CI). Many caregivers often lack the knowledge to recognize and appropriately treat pain in this vulnerable group. Little is known about the proportion of NHR who are fundamentally dependent on external assessment for pain due to CI.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>The aim of the study was to determine pain prevalence and management among NHR with and without CI. A second objective was to determine the proportion of NHR who are dependent on external assessment for pain.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Information on pain was collected from 3,437 NHR in multicenter cross-sectional surveys in 51 German nursing homes between 2014 and 2018. The presence of current pain in one-to-one interviews was determined as well as dependencies on third-party information, number of daily pain recordings, and administration of medication for pain. The analysis included a contingency table and log regression analyses.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Pain prevalence was 24.9% among NHR with severe CI and 40.4% among NHR without CI. Overall, 19.8% of all NHRs relied on a third-party assessment of pain. Significantly, NHR with severe CI were less likely to be classified as having pain (OR 0.51), to be assessed for pain several times a day (OR 0.53) or to receive pain medication (OR 0.55) compared with NHR without CI. No influence on pain management was shown for the type of pain assessment.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The study provides evidence of significant deficits in pain management among NHR with moderate and severe CI in nursing homes in Germany. NHR with moderate and severe CI are significantly less likely to be observed for pain or classified as pain sufferers and receive significantly less pain medication than NHR without CI. Intensive training of staff on pain management of NHR with severe CI is recommended.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19959,"journal":{"name":"Pain Management Nursing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141296520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronic Pain Resilience Across Clinical Populations: A Concept Analysis","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.pmn.2024.03.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmn.2024.03.019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Chronic pain resilience is a concept that is frequently used in research but lacks theoretical clarity. Understanding chronic pain resilience is germane to developing interventions to improve it and the overall quality of life among individuals with chronic pain.</p></div><div><h3>Aims</h3><p>To uncover and clarify the unique characteristics of the concept of chronic pain resilience.</p></div><div><h3>Design</h3><p>A concept analysis using Rodgers’ evolutionary method.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Full-text articles published after 2000 in English were used to inform the concept analysis. Scopus, PubMed, PsychINFO, Embase, and CINAHL Plus with Full Text were utilized for literature searches. Rodgers’ evolutionary approach was used to clarify the attributes, antecedents, and consequences.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The search yielded 31 articles that were used in the analysis. The key attributes of chronic pain resilience included engagement in meaningful activities despite pain, maintaining positive psychological homeostasis<span>, buffering against negative mental outcomes, seeking support, and self-empowerment. After considering surrogate terms, antecedents, attributes, and consequences, chronic pain resilience may be defined as the development of the capacity to successfully adapt to chronic pain. This adaptation results in a move toward optimal social, physical, mental, and behavioral functioning by balancing negative and positive psychosocial factors, despite the additional challenges brought about by living with chronic pain.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":19959,"journal":{"name":"Pain Management Nursing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141288404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do Spiritual Well-Being and Pain Intensity Predict Physical or Mental Components of Health-Related Quality-of-Life Scale in Patients With Multiple Myeloma?","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.pmn.2024.05.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmn.2024.05.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Multiple myeloma<span><span><span> is a complex disease and supportive care is important for improving quality of life. Management of disease treatment symptoms, </span>bone disease<span>, renal dysfunction, infection, anemia, pain, and </span></span>coagulation disorder are specific issues. Spirituality, or spiritual well-being, is one of the most fundamental and essential concepts for coping with the difficulties and stress caused by cancer.</span></p></div><div><h3>Aims</h3><p>This study explores whether spiritual well-being, pain, and other demographic factors predict the physical and mental components of quality of life in MM subjects.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p><span>This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted with 92 multiple myeloma patients registered with the Cancer Warriors Association in Turkey. The data were collected using the Personal Information Form, The Functional Assessment of </span>Chronic Illness<span> Therapy-Spiritual Well-Being Scale-12, the Numeric Rating Scale for Pain, and the Short Form-12 Health-Related Quality of Life Scale.</span></p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p><span><span><span>The mean age of the patients was 54.4 ± 10.7 years. It was found that the mean total pain score in the previous week was 3.9 ± 2.6, while the mean total The Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Spiritual Well-Being Scale-12 score was 28.1 ± 9.8. Their mean Short Form-12 total physical component score was 39.1 ± 25.4; whereas the Short Form-12 total mental component score was 45.5 ± 24.8. According to this model, 56.7% of the physical component score was explained by </span>vertebroplasty, The Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Spiritual Well-Being Scale-12 total score and subscale of peace and the pain intensity experienced in the previous week. According to </span>multiple linear regression analysis, bone-sparing therapy and FACIT-Sp-12-Total and subscale peace significantly predicted the Mental component score (</span><em>p</em> &lt; .05).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Cancer pain remains undertreated, and patients with myeloma are no exception. Pain and spiritual well-being scores were significant predictors of physical and mental component scores of quality of life in this group of patients. According to this result, pain-reducing practices should be implemented to improve the quality of life in MM patients and the spiritual needs of the patients should be met.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19959,"journal":{"name":"Pain Management Nursing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141248338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Problem of Pain in Lupus: Epidemiological Profiles of Patients Attending Multidisciplinary Pain Clinics","authors":"Tiffany E. Jiang MS ,&nbsp;Alissa P. Pascual ,&nbsp;Nathan Le ,&nbsp;Thy B. Nguyen MS ,&nbsp;Sean Mackey MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Beth D. Darnall PhD ,&nbsp;Julia F. Simard ScD ,&nbsp;Titilola Falasinnu PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.pmn.2024.02.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmn.2024.02.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) bear a significant burden of pain. We aimed to identify factors that distinguish patients with SLE referred to comprehensive pain clinics and those who are not. Characterizing this patient population will identify unmet needs in SLE management and inform efforts to improve pain care in rheumatology.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Among patients with SLE with ≥2 rheumatology clinic visits in a large hospital system from 1998 to 2023 (<em>n</em> = 1319), we examined factors that distinguished those who had at least one visit to multidisciplinary pain clinics (<em>n</em> = 77, 5.8%) from those who did not have any visits (<em>n</em> = 1242, 94.2%) with a focus on biopsychosocial and socioeconomic characteristics. We extracted demographic data and ICD-9/ICD-10 codes from the EHR.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Patients with SLE attending the pain clinics exhibited characteristics including average older age (mean age ± SD: 54.1 ± 17.9 vs. 48.4 ± 19.9), a higher likelihood of relying on public health insurance (50.7% vs. 34.2%), and a greater representation of Black patients (9.1% vs. 4.4%) compared to SLE patients not seen in pain clinics. Nearly all patients seen at the pain clinics presented with at least one chronic overlapping pain condition (96.1% vs. 58.6%), demonstrated a higher likelihood of having a mental health diagnosis (76.7% vs. 42.4%), and exhibited a greater number of comorbidities (mean ± SD: 6.0 ± 3.0 vs. 2.9 ± 2.6) compared to those not attending the pain clinic.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>We found notable sociodemographic and clinical differences between these patient populations. Patients presenting with multiple comorbidities might benefit from further pain screening and referral to pain clinics to provide comprehensive care, and earlier referral could mitigate the development and progression of multimorbidities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19959,"journal":{"name":"Pain Management Nursing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140143996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ASPMN Position Statement: Authorized Agent Controlled Analgesia","authors":"Michelle Czarnecki MSN, RN, PMGT-BC, CPNP-PC, AP-PMN ,&nbsp;Maureen F. Cooney DNP, RN, FNP-BC, PMGT-BC, ACHPN, AP-PMN ,&nbsp;Elsa Wuhrman DNP, RN, PMGT-BC, FNP-BC, ACNP-BC","doi":"10.1016/j.pmn.2024.03.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmn.2024.03.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The American Society for Pain Management Nursing (ASPMN) has reviewed and updated its position statement on the use of authorized agent controlled analgesia (AACA) for patients who are unable to independently utilize a self-dosing analgesic infusion pump, commonly known as patient-controlled analgesia (PCA). ASPMN continues to support the use of AACA to provide timely and effective pain management while promoting equitable care for vulnerable patient populations who are unable to use PCA. ASPMN does not support the use of “PCA by Proxy” in which <em>unauthorized</em> individuals activate PCA for a patient. This position statement includes an updated review of the evidence related to AACA. Clinical practice recommendations for authorized agents, nurses, prescribers, and organizations are provided with an emphasis on the importance of appropriate authorized agent selection, education, diligent patient assessment and medication management.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19959,"journal":{"name":"Pain Management Nursing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140849869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}