Pain Management Nursing最新文献

{"title":"Decreased Opioid Utilization with Lidocaine Topical System 1.8% Compared to Lidocaine 5% Patch: A retrospective Claims Analysis","authors":"Jeffrey Bettinger PharmD ,&nbsp;Wendy Borgersen PhD, DNP","doi":"10.1016/j.pmn.2025.01.062","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmn.2025.01.062","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim/Design</h3><div>Using retrospective claims data from Optum's de-identified Normative Health Informatics database (5/2018 to 9/2023), we evaluated the impact of different lidocaine topical systems on the utilization of opioids in patients with neuropathic pain (post-herpetic neuralgia, diabetic peripheral neuropathy or lower back pain).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The final analysis included 6,014 patients taking opioids and either lidocaine topical system 1.8% or lidocaine patch 5% as index treatment. 51.9% of lidocaine topical system patients experienced either a decrease or discontinuation of opioid use in the post-prescription period compared to 45.5% of lidocaine patch patients (Chi-square test, p=0.021). Lidocaine topical system patients had a non-significant change in pre- versus post-prescription median Morphine Milligram Equivalents (MME) (3.1% increase, Wilcoxon signed rank test, p=0.146); while lidocaine patch patients experienced a significant increase in pre-versus post-prescription median MME (42.9% increase, Wilcoxon signed rank test, p&lt;0.001). Based on these data, lidocaine topical system usage may be associated with reduced opioid utilization compared with lidocaine patch.</div></div><div><h3>Nursing Implications</h3><div>Nurses are at the forefront of patient care and play an important role in helping patients to reduce opioid utilization. Thus, it is crucial for them to have the most up-to-date information on non-opioid treatment options that may optimize pain management and reduce unnecessary opioid usage.</div></div><div><h3>Implications for future research</h3><div>Further analysis of the data is needed to understand the patient subpopulations that are most impacted.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19959,"journal":{"name":"Pain Management Nursing","volume":"26 2","pages":"Page e228"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143715557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patient-Controlled Analgesia for Managing Pain in Adults Receiving Palliative Care: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Courtney M Hicks, Megan A Dyck, Lynn Martin, Dawn M Guthrie, Shannon L Stewart, John P Hirdes","doi":"10.1016/j.pmn.2025.02.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmn.2025.02.014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pain remains a significant concern in palliative care settings. Patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) is an opioid delivery system that allows patients to decide when to receive a personally titrated opioid dose. This method of opioid administration effectively and safely manages pain and allows autonomy over one's care.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To understand the extent of evidence regarding PCA for pain management among adults in palliative care settings.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Systematic searches of PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, and MEDLINE identified 421 articles published in English between 2009 and 2024. The following data was extracted from eligible articles: source, author, study purpose, location (country and care setting), sample, design and methodology, participant characteristics, and relevant results.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Five studies met inclusion criteria. Findings include information on the PCA devices, rationale for administration, efficacy, and safety, adverse events, and author-identified next steps. Overall, PCA use was found to be safe and effective, sometimes even preferable to other opioid administration regimens.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This review provides insights into optimizing pain management for cancer patients, especially in advanced stages of illness. Findings highlight the minimal literature available regarding PCA use in palliative care settings, particularly the complete absence across noncancer diagnoses.</p>","PeriodicalId":19959,"journal":{"name":"Pain Management Nursing","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143743749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of mHealth in Patients With Chronic Neck Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Xiaotong Xie, Hui Wang, Xue Gao, Hualiang Chen, Lingjun Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.pmn.2025.03.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmn.2025.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To assess the efficacy of mobile health-based interventions for alleviating symptoms of chronic neck pain in patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic search was conducted in databases, including the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP, Wanfang, Chinese Biomedical Databases, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library, for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) regarding support provided to patients with chronic neck pain using mobile health interventions from database inception to March 2024. Two researchers independently screened the literature and evaluated the quality using the Cochrane Handbook 5.1 risk of bias assessment tool. Statistical analyses were performed using RevMan 5.2, and the quality of evidence was assessed according to the GRADE criteria.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ten RCTs comprising 825 participants were included. A meta-analysis indicated that mobile health interventions were more effective than other physical therapies for reducing pain (short-term: SMD = -0.76, [95% CI -1.50, -0.02], p = .04; mid-term: SMD = -0.48, [95% CI -0.78, -0.18], p < .01), although there was no significant difference for improving neck disability status (short-term: MD = -6.74, [95% CI -13.65, 0.17], p = .06; mid-term: SMD = -2.26 [95% CI -6.71, 2.20], p = .32). Compared to minimal intervention, mobile health interventions were more effective in reducing pain (short-term: SMD = -1.16, [95% CI -1.70, -0.63], p < .001) and improving neck disability status (short-term: MD = -7.88, [95% CI -12.27, -3.13], p < .001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Mobile health-based interventions positively affected the predictive outcomes for patients with chronic neck pain, reduced pain levels, and improved neck disability. Further research is needed to demonstrate their benefits for reducing fear of pain and improving quality of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":19959,"journal":{"name":"Pain Management Nursing","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143731228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-Hospital Pain Reporting Among Total Knee Arthroplasty Patients with Anxiety Diagnoses.","authors":"Deanna D Rivas, Matthew J Solomito, Jennifer Hehl, Daniel Witmer, Regina O Kostyun","doi":"10.1016/j.pmn.2025.02.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmn.2025.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To determine the association between anxiety disorder diagnoses and in-patient opioid usage, pain perception, and discharge disposition post-total knee arthroplasty (TKA).</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Retrospective review of elective primary TKA.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients diagnosed with anxiety were assigned to the anxiety group, and those without a mental health diagnosis were assigned to the control group. Variables of interest included self-reported pain scores (at rest and with activity) collected immediately after surgery and at discharge, inpatient opioid usage, and discharge disposition.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 4,404 patients (492 in the anxiety group) were included in the analysis. There were differences between groups in median pain scores reported immediately postoperatively at rest (anxiety group: 2, interquartile range [IQR] 0-6, control group: 0, IQR 0-5, p = .003) and with activity (anxiety group: 4, IQR 0-6, control group: 3, IQR 0-60, p = .011), at discharge at rest (anxiety group: 3, IQR 2-5, control group: 3, IQR 1-4, p < .001), and with activity (anxiety group: 5, IQR 3-6, control group: 4, IQR 2-6, p < .001). In the anxiety group, 60% of patients had opioid usage greater than the median of 61 morphine milligram equivalents while in-patient compared with 48% of patients in the control group (p < .001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study provides evidence of the complex relationships between anxiety and in-hospital outcomes in patients undergoing primary TKA.</p>","PeriodicalId":19959,"journal":{"name":"Pain Management Nursing","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143674302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Healthy Diet Consumption Among Chronic Pain Populations: A Concept Analysis.","authors":"Fiona B A T Agbor, David E Vance, Chisom O Odii, Allison R Jones, Edwin N Aroke","doi":"10.1016/j.pmn.2025.02.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmn.2025.02.013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Given emerging evidence that healthy dietary interventions are effective long-term strategies for managing chronic pain, this review aimed to define, elucidate, and describe the concept of a healthy diet in the context of chronic pain populations.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>We used Walker and Avant's concept analysis method.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>PubMed, Embase, CINAHL Plus with full-text, and PsycINFO databases were searched to identify relevant peer-reviewed primary articles on diet and chronic pain, published from June 2013 to June 2024. Key search terms included \"diet\" AND \"chronic pain or pain.\"</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-eight primary articles met our eligibility criteria following full-text reviews. In chronic pain, healthy diet attributes (i.e., nutrient density, anti-inflammation, and anti-oxidation) caused by antecedents (i.e., diet and pain assessments) result in consequences like reduced pain intensity and improved quality of life. Therefore, a healthy diet in chronic pain consists of nutrient-dense foods (fruits, vegetables, healthy fats and low calories) that possess strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which are essential for optimizing health, alleviating pain, and enhancing overall quality of life.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A healthy diet is essential for pain relief and improving the quality of life in individuals with chronic pain.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>Healthcare providers should incorporate individualized culturally appropriate dietary preferences, food intolerance, and food allergy alternatives in dietary interventions. Also, there is a need for tailored dietary interventions for individuals living with chronic pain. Future studies should explore mechanisms through which diet affects pain outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19959,"journal":{"name":"Pain Management Nursing","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143639759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of External and Internal Focus of Attention Exercises in Chronic Low Back Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Şafak Kuzu, Anıl Özüdoğru, Figen Tuncay","doi":"10.1016/j.pmn.2025.02.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmn.2025.02.011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Balance, physical performance, and functional parameters are adversely affected in individuals with chronic low back pain (CLBP). The focus of attention can affect balance and performance. Our aim is to compare the effects of focus of attention instructions given to dynamic balance exercises on balance, physical performance, and functional status in individuals with CLBP.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A randomized controlled trial.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Of 53 individuals with CLBP, 44 individuals who met the inclusion criteria were divided into two groups: the external focus group (EFG) and the internal focus group (IFG). Traditional physiotherapy methods and dynamic balance exercises were applied to both groups. External focus (EF) instructions were given to the EFG, and internal focus (IF) instructions were given to the IFG during the dynamic balance exercises. Participants before and after the treatment were evaluated for pain, functional level, balance, physical performance, and posture.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results of the study showed greater improvement in EFG on dynamic balance, fall risk, stability limits, physical performance, posture, spinal mobility, and postural endurance (p < .05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study showed that external focusing was more effective than internal focusing on balance, performance, and posture in individuals with CLBP.</p>","PeriodicalId":19959,"journal":{"name":"Pain Management Nursing","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143630873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction on Patients With Chronic Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Vincenzo Damico, Margherita Milani, Liana Murano","doi":"10.1016/j.pmn.2025.02.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmn.2025.02.010","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Chronic pain management includes treatment with the use of opioids, electrical stimulation and acupuncture. However, traditional understanding of chronic pain has recently been challenged in light of evidence supporting a key role of psycho-social factors and central sensitization in this population. Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR), focuses on increasing awareness and acceptance of moment-to-moment experiences including difficult emotions and physical discomfort.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;To examine the effects of a MBSR on chronic pain patients.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Design: &lt;/strong&gt;A two-arm, blinding randomized controlled clinical trial with repeated-measures design.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Setting: &lt;/strong&gt;One pain management clinic in a general hospital.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Participants: &lt;/strong&gt;Chronic pain patients (N = 149 patients).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;The patients were randomly allocated to either psychoeducation (intervention group) or usual care (control group) (N = 75 vs 74 patients per group). The randomization was minimized, taking into account the imbalance between the groups over a number of prognostic clinical and demographic factors. The intervention included an 8-week MBSR program (2 hours per week) in a group format and the MBSR program was performed 2 times (1-2 months after enrollment and 7-8 months after enrollment). Study outcomes included Chronic pain (pain intensity and pain interference) assessed with Brief Pain Inventory (primary outcomes), and other secondary outcomes (i.e., quality of life, adherence to the intervention, mindfulness and self-awareness and drug assumption). We examined the differences at baseline (clinical-demographic data collected at enrollment), at 6 (T&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;) and 13 months (T&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;) between the intervention and control groups by means of chi-square and independent samples t tests. Normally distributed measurement data were represented by means and standard deviations.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Participants in the intervention group revealed significantly greater reductions on impact of chronic pain in terms of pain intensity (worst pain in the last 24 hours, p &lt; .001; pain right now, p &lt; .001) and in terms of pain interference (interference with mood, p = .002; interference with normal work, p = .043; interference with relationship with other people, p = .036) at T&lt;sub&gt;1,&lt;/sub&gt; and in terms of pain intensity (worst pain in the last 24 hours, p &lt; .001; pain on average, p =. 013; pain right now, p &lt; .001) and in terms of pain interference (interference with mood, p &lt; .001; Interference with sleep, p &lt; .001) at T&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;. A significant difference emerged in the perceived quality of life, between two groups at T&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; (55.9 vs 58.7, t&lt;sub&gt;(133)&lt;/sub&gt; = - 2.053, p = .044).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;Our study added values on the benefits of patients-focused MBSR to treatment of chronic pain. Future research can evaluate its ","PeriodicalId":19959,"journal":{"name":"Pain Management Nursing","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143625359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Opioid-related Transitions for Chronic Pain Management: A Concept Analysis.","authors":"Lisa R Carnago, Tolu O Oyesanya, Paula Tanabe, Judith A Paice, Mitchell R Knisely","doi":"10.1016/j.pmn.2025.02.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmn.2025.02.012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>People who are prescribed opioids for pain management may undergo transitions of care. However, little is known about transitions of care that involve a prescribed opioid, which may have significant consequences for people with chronic pain. The purpose of this concept analysis was to define opioid-related transitions (OrTs) and characterize their attributes, antecedents, and consequences.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Rodger's evolutionary method for concept analysis was used to identify key attributes, antecedents, and consequences of OrTs. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in September 2024, resulting in the inclusion of 61 articles.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>As defined, OrTs occur when opioids are prescribed for chronic pain management and involve an opioid medication transition and/or transition in care settings and/or practitioners. These transitions encompass patient-clinician and clinician-clinician interactions that ideally incorporate opioid-specific information, clear communication, shared decision-making, collective responsibility, weighing the risks and benefits, and knowledge exchange during the processes of opioid prescribing, management, and monitoring. During OrTs, patients and clinicians identified a need for support with care coordination. Notably, team-based involvement in OrTs is present, but guidance for operationalizing patient and clinician support efforts is needed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This concept analysis contributes to the conceptual clarity of OrTs by identifying core attributes, antecedents, and consequences. By defining and examining OrTs broadly and including chronic pain, both patient experiences and clinician approaches to managing pain during transitions of care are highlighted. Research is needed on patient and clinician experiences related to managing chronic pain with opioids and the role of nurse-led interventions during OrTs.</p>","PeriodicalId":19959,"journal":{"name":"Pain Management Nursing","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143625597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Virtual Reality Accompanied by Music on Women's Perceived Pain, Postpartum Comfort During Episiotomy Repair: A Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Mine Gökduman Keleş, Sündüz Özlem Altinkaya","doi":"10.1016/j.pmn.2025.02.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmn.2025.02.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To determine the effect of virtual reality glasses accompanied by music during episiotomy repair on women's perceived pain, vital signs, and postnatal comfort.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This randomized controlled experimental study utilized the \"VAS pain score\" and \"Postpartum Comfort Scale\" to collect data. All participants received 5 mL of lidocaine during episiotomy repair. Women in the experimental group listened to the tune of Acemashiran and watched a natural landscape with virtual reality glasses (VRG) while undergoing episiotomy repair, whereas those in the control group did not undergo any intervention during the procedure. p < .05 was considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that the episiotomy repair time was perceived as shorter in the experimental group than in the control group. VAS pain scores were significantly lower in the experimental group (during: 5, after: 2) than in the control group (during: 7, after: 4). There were no significant differences in vital sign measurements among participants before, during, and after episiotomy repair. The experimental group exhibited higher postpartum comfort scale scores (E: 4.20 ± 0.36/ C 3.99 ± 0.55).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study concluded that combining VRG application with music resulted in a perceived reduction in episiotomy repair time. The visual and auditory stimuli contributed to pain management during and after episiotomy repair. Additionally, virtual glasses may reduce the need for pharmacological medication due to this reduction in pain during episiotomy repair.</p><p><strong>Key practice points: </strong>This study provides evidence for the effectiveness of non-pharmacologic interventions for episiotomy repair, patients and facilitates support for future clinical trials and work.</p><p><strong>Clinical trials number: </strong>NCT05134376.</p>","PeriodicalId":19959,"journal":{"name":"Pain Management Nursing","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143625600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mirror Therapy in Unilateral Amputee Patients With Phantom Limb Pain.","authors":"Ana M Díaz-González, Adelaida Zabalegui, Luis A Moreno-Cuartas, Vicente Riambau-Alonso","doi":"10.1016/j.pmn.2024.12.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmn.2024.12.015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Up to 90% of amputee patients have phantom limb pain (PLP), which is difficult to treat. The aim of this study was to assess the medium and long-term efficacy of mirror therapy (MT) in unilateral amputee adults with PLP.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We carried out an uncontrolled prospective longitudinal study. Twelve consecutive adult subjects with upper or lower limb amputation and PLP were selected. Weekly sessions of nurse-guided, in-person MT training lasting 1.5 h were implemented for six months. In parallel, self-administered home sessions were added 20 min per day, five days per week for 12 months. At baseline, and at three, six, and 12 months the following variables were analyzed: subjects' clinical characteristics, pain intensity (visual analog scale), disability (Oswestry Disability Index), Quality of Life (QoL SF-36), impression of patient's global improvement (Patient Global Impression scale, PGI-I), and hours of MT in consultation and at home.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Statistically significant differences in mean pain intensity scores were found (p < .001) between baseline, and measurements at three, six, and 12 months. Mean disability scores showed statistically significant improvement (p < .001) at at three months. QoL, and mean baseline scores in Physical Function (p < .002) and Body Pain (p < .001) dimensions improved significantly. Patient global impression scores were statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings support the efficacy the medium and long term, of MT, in unilateral amputee adults, with PLP, through 12-month follow-up.</p>","PeriodicalId":19959,"journal":{"name":"Pain Management Nursing","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143616760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}