Pain Management Nursing最新文献

{"title":"Choosing the Correct Clinical Inquiry Approach: Evidence-Based Practice, Quality Improvement, or Research","authors":"Jeffrey Boon PhD, RN, AGACNP-BC ,&nbsp;Michele Farrington BSN, RN, PMGT-BC","doi":"10.1016/j.pmn.2026.01.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmn.2026.01.019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The purpose of this session is to close the knowledge gap for attendees with regards to different types of clinical inquiry, including evidence-based practice (EBP), quality improvement (QI), and research. EBP, QI, and research all have a link to quality, safety, and improved pain management nursing practice, and each can change practice. However, it is crucial that the correct clinical inquiry approach be chosen for the different types of problems and questions addressed. Even with inclusion of topics related to EBP, QI, and research in nursing education and especially with the successful growth of EBP in pain management nursing practice, there remains some confusion on the differences among these approaches to clinical inquiry. This presentation differentiates the intent, methodologies, and use of each type of clinical inquiry. We present illustrative examples of each type throughout the presentation to demonstrate differences and similarities by outlining concepts of design, measurement, sampling, data collection, and data analysis. While there is an emphasis on the differences among clinical inquiry types, this presentation also describes the interactive roles between research as generating new knowledge, EBP as translating knowledge into practice, and QI as improving processes and outcomes in a specific healthcare context. As providers with specialized knowledge, pain management nurses are often called upon to contribute to or lead projects using the methods of EBP, QI, or research as clinical inquiry. This presentation aims to equip the pain management nurse with the knowledge needed to differentiate the purpose of each type of clinical inquiry, use an appropriate clinical inquiry approach for different problems, and recognize the type of literature from among these approaches that may be relevant to inform specific questions in pain management nursing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19959,"journal":{"name":"Pain Management Nursing","volume":"27 2","pages":"Page e225"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147570952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using CAPA to Improve Functional Pain Assessment in Pediatric Patients with Sickle Cell Disease","authors":"Erin Hooper MSN, APRN, CPNP-PC,&nbsp;Anne Labarge MSN, RN, PMGT-BC, PMHS, CPNP-PC","doi":"10.1016/j.pmn.2026.01.080","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmn.2026.01.080","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Pain is a common reason for hospitalization among pediatric patients with Sickle Cell Disease (SCD), yet significant variation exists in how pain is assessed. This contributes to suboptimal pain management, safety concerns, and decreased patient satisfaction. The purpose of this quality improvement project is to implement the Clinically Aligned Pain Assessment (CAPA) tool on an inpatient pediatric unit to improve functional pain assessment and enhance the quality and safety of pain management for patients with SCD.</div></div><div><h3>Summary/Synthesis of Evidence</h3><div>Pain in SCD is a complex, multi-dimensional experience affected by physiological, psychological, emotional, and functional factors. Traditional numeric pain scores often fail to capture the full impact of pain on the patient's life. The Pediatric Initiative on Methods, Measurement, and Pain Assessment in Clinical Trials (PedIMMPACT) outlines key domains for assessing pediatric pain, including pain intensity, treatment satisfaction, adverse events, emotional and physical functioning, and economic impact. CAPA is a structured, patient-centered tool that evaluates pain through a conversation focusing on functionality rather than numeric scales, aligning with these comprehensive assessment domains. Literature supports that functional pain assessment improves communication, enhances pain management, and reduces adverse outcomes such as opioid overuse.</div></div><div><h3>Method of Evaluation</h3><div>This project focuses on hospitalized pediatric SCD patients admitted to the hematology/oncology floor of St. Louis Children’s Hospital (SLCH). From April 1, 2025, to October 1, 2025, nursing staff will be trained on CAPA use and documentation protocols. Our aim is to increase the percentage of CAPA scores completed on eligible patients from 0% to 80% during this timeframe. Data will be collected via electronic health records to monitor CAPA documentation rates and correlated with patient satisfaction, pain control, and incidence of opioid-related adverse events.</div></div><div><h3>Results/Relevance to Pain Management</h3><div>As this project is currently ongoing, preliminary results indicate an increase in completed CAPA assessments, improving from 0% baseline to early adoption rates of over 50% within the first three months. Nurses report improved communication with patients, greater insight into functional limitations due to pain, and more tailored pain interventions. These findings support CAPA’s utility in delivering safer, more effective pain management for pediatric SCD patients.Future Implications for Nursing Practice: Integrating CAPA into routine nursing assessments promotes holistic, patient-centered care. Broader implementation of CAPA may standardize pain assessment practices across units and patient populations, leading to more consistent management strategies, enhanced nurse-patient communication, and improved clinical outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19959,"journal":{"name":"Pain Management Nursing","volume":"27 2","pages":"Page e246"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147570961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Group Yoga Therapy for People Living with Chronic Pain: Improving Vagal Efficiency with Yoga","authors":"Sara Hall MS, APRN, CNS, PMGT-BC","doi":"10.1016/j.pmn.2026.01.025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmn.2026.01.025","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health has shown yoga to be helpful for the most common types of chronic pain such as low back pain, fibromyalgia, headaches and neck pain. Improvement in chronic pain with yoga may be attributed to greater nervous system flexibility and vagal tone. Yoga is a practice that can lead to neuroplasticity and an improved balance between the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems.Despite growing evidence of the effectiveness of yoga for chronic pain, a gap exists in finding appropriate classes that are accessible for people living with chronic pain. This session will review the results of a midwestern healthcare system’s program of group yoga therapy paired with pain neuroscience education. Building on previous results shared in 2023, this session will reveal new results of our free, web-based program and improved in person group sessions as we have expanded our program within our healthcare system. Early results from the past 2 years show improvement in PESQ-10 scores at the completion of our 8-week program and after 3 months. Attendees will learn simple, effective yoga techniques and resources they can provide their patients to improve vagal efficiency. There is a growing body of research demonstrating the positive impact yoga has on improving pain, quality of life, and function. In addition, yoga provides more regulation between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems and reduces stress, while improving sleep. With the population aging, improved strength and balance are also important benefits yoga offers. Effective, evidence-based, accessible movement therapy programs that not only reduce pain, but improve function and overall wellbeing are needed as healthcare reimbursement is often lacking for these interventions.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health has shown yoga to be helpful for the most common types of chronic pain such as low back pain, fibromyalgia, headaches and neck pain. Improvement in chronic pain with yoga may be attributed to greater nervous system flexibility and vagal tone. Yoga is a practice that can lead to neuroplasticity and an improved balance between the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems.Despite growing evidence of the effectiveness of yoga for chronic pain, a gap exists in finding appropriate classes that are accessible for people living with chronic pain. This session will review the results of a midwestern healthcare system’s program of group yoga therapy paired with pain neuroscience education. Building on previous results shared in 2023, this session will reveal new results of our free, web-based program and improved in person group sessions as we have expanded our program within our healthcare system. Early results from the past 2 years show improvement in PESQ-10 scores at the completion of our 8-week program and after 3 months. Attendees will learn simple, effective yoga techniques","PeriodicalId":19959,"journal":{"name":"Pain Management Nursing","volume":"27 2","pages":"Pages e227-e228"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147571016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nurse-Led Chronic Pain Management in Rural Areas: A Pilot Study","authors":"Kelly Reeves MSN, RN","doi":"10.1016/j.pmn.2026.01.081","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmn.2026.01.081","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Rural populations experience disproportionately high rates of chronic pain and face significant barriers to accessing non-pharmacologic, evidence-based treatments. Collaborative care models have shown effectiveness in managing chronic conditions, including depression and pain, particularly when integrated into primary care setting. However, there is limited research on how these models can be adapted for rural populations using telehealth and nurse-led interventions.</div></div><div><h3>Purpose/AIM</h3><div>The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of a virtual Nurse Care Management (NCM) model. The model trained nurses to deliver care coordination, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), and referrals to tele-Enhance Fitness, an evidence-based exercise program, in preparation for a larger randomized controlled trial.</div></div><div><h3>Methods and Design</h3><div>This 6-month pilot program enrolled rural primary care patients aged 18 and older from Washington and North Carolina who had chronic pain and a PEG score of ≥4. Participants were recruited through provider referrals and electronic health record (EHR) queries. The intervention included virtual care coordination, CBT, and tele-Enhance Fitness. Primary Outcome: Pain interference and intensity (PEG). Secondary Outcomes: Pain catastrophizing (PCS-6), depression (PHQ-8), anxiety (GAD-7), and physical functioning (PROMIS)</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Out of 558 individuals contacted, 164 were screened, 43 were eligible, and 31 enrolled (with 2 withdrawals, final N=29). The average participant age was 56.1 years (SD=11.2); 65% were female and 86% identified as White. PEG scores improved significantly (mean change: -0.9; 95% CI: -1.7 to -0.1; Cohen’s d=0.50). PCS-6 scores also improved (-3.2; 95% CI: -5.4 to -1.0). Improvements in PHQ-8, GAD-7, and PROMIS scores were observed but did not reach statistical significance.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion/Implications for Nursing Profession</h3><div>The virtual NCM program demonstrates promise in improving pain outcomes among rural populations. By equipping nurses with training in CBT, care coordination, and telehealth delivery, the model expands access to evidence-based pain care and reinforces the evolving role of nurses in addressing behavioral health needs. This pilot ubnderscores the potential of nursing-led interventions to mitigate workforce shortages and enhance care delivery in rural settings.Implications for future research: The findings support the need for a larger, hybrid type 1 effectiveness-implementation trial comparing the NCM model to usual care. Future research should explore long-term outcomes, scalability, and cost-effectiveness of nurse-led telehealth interventions in diverse rural populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19959,"journal":{"name":"Pain Management Nursing","volume":"27 2","pages":"Pages e246-e247"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147570738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low Back Pain Again? A One-Stop Clinical Toolkit for Quick, Quality Care","authors":"Megan Filoramo RN, MSN, APN-C, MSN, APRN-BC, PGMT-BC, AP-PMN, IHWNC-BC","doi":"10.1016/j.pmn.2026.01.044","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmn.2026.01.044","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Low back pain is a significant global health concern, affecting approximately 619 million adults and standing as the leading cause of disability worldwide. Given its prevalence, nurses in all roles care for patients experiencing back pain. Effective care begins with a detailed and thorough clinical history. Clinicians must gather information about the onset, duration, and location of the pain, assess for dermatomal distribution, and be vigilant for red flags such as bowel or bladder dysfunction, history of cancer, or signs of infection. A focused physical exam should include motor strength testing, reflex scoring, and provocative maneuvers like the straight leg raise and slump test to help differentiate mechanical from radicular pain. The differential diagnosis for LBP includes common conditions such as facet joint dysfunction, spinal stenosis, disc herniation, and sacroiliac joint issues. Less common causes include abdominal aortic aneurysms and spinal metastases. Advanced imaging should be reserved for patients who have failed conservative treatment or present with red flag signs. Basic interpretation of lumbar MRI will be reviewed.The first-line treatments include non-invasive modalities such as NSAIDs, topical agents, and physical therapy. In cases where pharmacologic treatment is needed, duloxetine and gabapentinoids offer effective, non-opioid options for chronic and neuropathic pain. Interventional treatments such as epidural steroid injections, medial branch blocks, radiofrequency ablation, and spinal cord stimulation may be appropriate and patient selection criteria is explored. The evaluation and validation of treatment strategies for LBP are grounded in current literature, clinical trials, evidence-based guidelines, and clinical outcomes tools such as the Brief Pain Inventory. These tools, along with neurologic and physical assessments, help ensure accuracy in diagnosis and monitor treatment effectiveness. In terms of clinical outcomes, managing expectations and following a tiered treatment model lead to more effective pain management. While NSAIDs are useful, they pose risks for gastrointestinal and cardiac complications, making safer alternatives like topical and neuropathic agents valuable options. For many patients, conservative treatment leads to recovery, even in the case of a herniated disc. Functional goals, patient education, and documentation are more relevant than imaging alone. Moreover, addressing sleep disturbances, stress, and behavioral health factors has been shown to improve long-term outcomes and recovery rates.Looking forward, the role of nursing in the management of LBP will continue to grow. Nurses are dedicated patient educators and can help guide non-pharmacologic and interventional therapies. Continued education in neuromodulation techniques, insurance navigation, and the behavioral components of chronic pain will empower nurses caring for patients suffering with low back pain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19959,"journal":{"name":"Pain Management Nursing","volume":"27 2","pages":"Page e234"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147570729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chapter Without Walls","authors":"Michele Farrington BSN, RN, PMGT-BC ,&nbsp;Debra Drew MS, ACNS-BC, PMGT-BC ,&nbsp;Angela Pratt MSN, RN, PPCNP-BC, CPN, PMGT-BC ,&nbsp;Anne Smith MSN, RN, PMGT-BC ,&nbsp;Michelle Lavelle-Henry MSN, APRN, CNP, ACHPN, PGMT-BC","doi":"10.1016/j.pmn.2026.01.056","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmn.2026.01.056","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The purpose of this session is to describe the evolution of the Midwest Chapter of the American Society for Pain Management Nursing (ASPMN), formerly the Upper Midwest Chapter of ASPMN. The chapter began in 1997 with seven members from Minnesota and expanded to include members from Iowa in October 2009 following conversations at an annual ASPMN conference. Chapter growth has continued over the years with the chapter openly welcoming ASPMN members from additional states. Current members are from Iowa, Minnesota, and Tennessee, but members can be from any state, including more recently Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota. “Virtual” chapter meetings began with a limited number of call-in phone lines and no ability to see each other but has continued to evolve to a well-known present-day videoconferencing platform with camera and microphone ability for an unlimited number of attendees via computer, laptop, or mobile device. The willingness of members across state lines joining virtual meetings in this way has increased exponentially over time as the format is similar to how most people stayed connected both professionally and personally during the height of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. In addition, a local chapter that crossed state lines enabled ASPMN members, from states without a chapter, to feel like they were part of the ASPMN community year-round versus only during the annual conference. The frequency of the chapter meetings has ranged from monthly to every other month to quarterly and is determined based on chapter member needs and requests. Finally, the chapter has successfully held numerous educational offerings, both in-person and virtually, in multiple locations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19959,"journal":{"name":"Pain Management Nursing","volume":"27 2","pages":"Pages e237-e238"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147570798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nonmedical Use of Buprenorphine Products for Analgesia Compared to Other Opioid Medications in Adults Evaluated for Substance Use with the Addiction Severity Index-Multimedia Version (ASI-MV)","authors":"Jody Green PhD, FAACT,&nbsp;Kaitlin Hartlage MPH,&nbsp;Taryn Dailey-Govoni MPH,&nbsp;Suzanne Vosburg PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.pmn.2026.01.061","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmn.2026.01.061","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Buprenorphine is approved in the US for analgesia as an intravenous/intramuscular injection, a transdermal patch (BTP), and a buccal film (BBF). Buprenorphine is a Schedule III (CIII) substance, with moderate to low potential for physical and psychological dependence. Opioids often prescribed for analgesia are Schedule II (CII) with a high potential for abuse and severe psychological or physical dependence. Few studies have compared real-world nonmedical use (NMU) between Buprenorphine analgesics and CII opioid medications; none with BBF.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Buprenorphine is approved in the US for analgesia as an intravenous/intramuscular injection, a transdermal patch (BTP), and a buccal film (BBF). Buprenorphine is a Schedule III (CIII) substance, with moderate to low potential for physical and psychological dependence. Opioids often prescribed for analgesia are Schedule II (CII) with a high potential for abuse and severe psychological or physical dependence. Few studies have compared real-world nonmedical use (NMU) between Buprenorphine analgesics and CII opioid medications; none with BBF.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Purpose&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;To compare rates of NMU among four groups: (1) BBF, (2) BTP, (3) CII immediate-release opioid formulations (CII-IR; solid oral dosages of IR formulations containing hydrocodone, oxycodone, hydromorphone, oxymorphone, tapentadol), and (4) CII extended-release opioid formulations (CII-ER; solid oral dosages of ER formulations containing hydrocodone, oxycodone, hydromorphone, oxymorphone, tapentadol) using real-world data from adults evaluated for substance use with the Addiction Severity Index – Multimedia Version (ASI-MV), a validated clinical intake assessment.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;To compare rates of NMU among four groups: (1) BBF, (2) BTP, (3) CII immediate-release opioid formulations (CII-IR; solid oral dosages of IR formulations containing hydrocodone, oxycodone, hydromorphone, oxymorphone, tapentadol), and (4) CII extended-release opioid formulations (CII-ER; solid oral dosages of ER formulations containing hydrocodone, oxycodone, hydromorphone, oxymorphone, tapentadol) using real-world data from adults evaluated for substance use with the Addiction Severity Index – Multimedia Version (ASI-MV), a validated clinical intake assessment.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;A cross-sectional surveillance study comparing demographics, drug severity measures and rates of NMU reported among ASI-MV assessments completed from January 2010-31 December 2023. NMU is any past 30-day use of medication other than prescribed or without one’s own prescription and includes misuse (use for therapeutic benefit but in ways other than prescribed) and abuse (use for psychotropic effect or to get high). Non-overlapping confidence intervals (95%) determined statistically significant differences.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;A cross-sectional surveillance study comparing demographics, drug severity measures and rates of NMU reported among ASI-MV a","PeriodicalId":19959,"journal":{"name":"Pain Management Nursing","volume":"27 2","pages":"Pages e239-e240"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147570806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Magic of a Multidisciplinary Approach to Effective Management of Persistent Pediatric Pain","authors":"Chansey Pullen BSN, RN,&nbsp;Lauren Kenny MSN, APRN, CPNP-PC","doi":"10.1016/j.pmn.2026.01.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmn.2026.01.020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pediatric chronic pain is a complex, multifaceted condition that requires a comprehensive treatment plan to address multiple factors across biomedical, psychosocial, and biomechanical domains. As such, a multidisciplinary approach is essential and significantly more effective in overcoming the limitations than single-modality treatments. An integrated, patient-centered, holistic method combines coordinated care from diverse healthcare professionals, complementary therapies, and tailored lifestyle adjustments, ultimately leading to greater pain relief, improved functioning, and enhanced quality of life. A review of available literature, including systematic reviews and meta-analyses, indicates that interdisciplinary interventions lead to substantial improvements in pain intensity, functional disability, anxiety, depression, and school attendance in pediatric patients with chronic pain. Available evidence suggests that interdisciplinary pain programs yield short-term improvements in pain, emotional and physical function, and daily activities, even in specialized sub-patient populations. These programs include physical therapy, occupational therapy, psychological counseling, and regular medical follow-up, emphasizing a biopsychosocial model of care. Enhanced quality of life and daily functioning have been observed, with improvements maintained or further enhanced at follow-up. In a pediatric healthcare system, the multidisciplinary approach includes collaboration between physicians, nursing, physical therapy, massage therapy, clinical therapy, social work, child life, and yoga therapy. In addition to medication and interventional pain management, there are a variety of complementary therapies, including aromatherapy, acupuncture, virtual reality, biofeedback, and hypnosis. Treatment plans are designed with the individual patient and family in mind and include tailored lifestyle modifications to address sleep hygiene, physical activity, diet, and self-regulation skills. The effectiveness of interventions is evaluated using a combination of self-report measures and clinical assessments. Tools used to measure outcomes include the Functional Disability Inventory and standardized questionnaires for anxiety, depression, and pain catastrophizing, such as the PHQ-9 and the Pain Catastrophizing Scale. These evaluations are conducted at several intervals, including baseline, post-intervention, and follow-up, to assess immediate and long-term outcomes. Future implications for the nursing profession related to implementation of a multidisciplinary approach to pediatric pain management include improved pain assessment and management, the importance of effective inter-professional collaboration, ongoing education and training, adherence to systematic protocols, and promotion of patient and family engagement. These elements collectively contribute to an overall improved pain management experience and outcomes for pediatric patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19959,"journal":{"name":"Pain Management Nursing","volume":"27 2","pages":"Page e226"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147570953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovating Pain Care: Trauma-Informed Nursing Practices in Outpatient Ketamine Treatment","authors":"Heather Carlisle PhD, DNP, PMHNP-BC, FNP-BC, AGACNP-BC","doi":"10.1016/j.pmn.2026.01.083","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmn.2026.01.083","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose and Problem Statement</h3><div>Chronic pain frequently coexists with trauma-related conditions (particularly medical trauma), and many patients referred for outpatient ketamine treatment for chronic pain have complex psychiatric and emotional histories. Ketamine's dissociative effects can evoke fear, vulnerability, or emotional dysregulation. Trauma survivors may feel unsafe or emotionally exposed without appropriate preparation and support. Nurses play a key role in creating a therapeutic environment that reduces re-traumatization and promotes healing. This clinical practice protocol, developed in an outpatient ketamine clinic, outlines a trauma-informed nursing framework designed to promote emotional safety, patient agency, and therapeutic rapport throughout the ketamine treatment process.</div></div><div><h3>Summary/Synthesis of Evidence</h3><div>Recent literature underscores the importance of trauma-informed approaches in both mental health and interventional pain settings. Core principles–safety, trust, empowerment, choice, and collaboration–are shown to improve engagement and reduce distress. Studies also demonstrate high prevalence of trauma histories among chronic pain patients. While formal trauma-informed ketamine protocols are still emerging, experiential reports and early practice models suggest that structured environmental and interpersonal interventions may significantly improve emotional outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Method of Evaluation/Validation of Evidence</h3><div>This nursing protocol was developed through a synthesis of recent peer-reviewed literature, established trauma-informed care guidelines, and experiential knowledge from pain and psychiatric care practice. Specific interventions–such as offering patients choice in sensory environment, using non-clinical language, providing grounding tools pre-treatment, and remaining present throughout the session–were identified through published frameworks and emerging ketamine practice models. These strategies reflect best-practice alignment and feasibility for implementation in outpatient settings. Patient feedback has been consistently positive, with many describing the experience as \"safe,\" \"comforting,\" and \"held.”</div></div><div><h3>Relevance to Pain Management Nursing</h3><div>As ketamine therapy becomes more widely adopted for chronic pain, pain management nurses are uniquely positioned to shape the therapeutic space. Trauma-informed nursing interventions–rooted in respect, presence, and patient agency–can mitigate emotional discomfort, foster safety, and improve adherence. This poster offers a practical roadmap for nurses seeking to elevate the quality of care for a highly vulnerable patient population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19959,"journal":{"name":"Pain Management Nursing","volume":"27 2","pages":"Page e247"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147570964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Progressive Muscle Relaxation on Pain and Sleep: Randomized Controlled Study","authors":"Gamze Bolattürk MSN, RN ,&nbsp;Emine Kol PhD, RN","doi":"10.1016/j.pmn.2025.08.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmn.2025.08.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) on postoperative pain level and sleep quality in patients undergoing open heart surgery.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>A single center, two-group, single-blind randomized controlled trial.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study comprised 60 patients who were admitted to the cardiovascular surgery department and undergoing open heart surgery between January 2023 and April 2024. Patients were randomized into 30 in the experimental group and 30 in the control group. Data were collected using Patient Identification Form, Short-form of McGill’s Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ) and Richard-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire (RCSQ). PMR were applied twice a day, morning and evening, on the post-operative days 1st, 2nd, and 3rd days to experimental group. Before and after PMR, the patients' pain level and sleep quality were evaluated. The control group received usual care and treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In the experimental group, pain level decreased significantly from 9.36 points on the 1st day to 1.50 points on the 3rd day in the post-operative service (p &lt; .001). In the control group, pain level decreased only to 6.13 points on the 3rd day. It was determined that sleep quality gradually increased in the experimental group and reached 545.83 points on the 3rd day in the post-operative service. In the control group, it increased only to 330.16 points. A significant difference was found pain level and sleep quality in all measurements between the experimental and control groups.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In this study, it was suggested that progressive muscle relaxation reduces pain and improves sleep quality in patients undergoing open heart surgery. It is recommended that nurses include progressive muscle relaxation in postoperative pain control and sleep management in usual care.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19959,"journal":{"name":"Pain Management Nursing","volume":"27 2","pages":"Pages 163-171"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145016023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}