Pain Management Nursing最新文献

{"title":"Strategies to Support Nursing Practice When Implementing and Using Range Orders.","authors":"Lauren Renner, Anne Smith, Ann Quinlan-Colwell, Debra J Drew","doi":"10.1016/j.pmn.2025.04.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmn.2025.04.015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of this Special Feature Article is to present factual information and guidance regarding the implementation and utilization of PRN range orders when administering analgesic medications to optimize patient safety.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>The American Society for Pain Management Nursing supports safe medication practices including the administration of PRN range orders. Neither the major regulatory agencies or most state boards of nursing limit or forbid their use. However, misinformation negatively influences organizational positions, resulting in nurses not using range orders.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Historical published information, as well as current guidelines and positions are presented. Salient considerations and guiding principles when implementing PRN range orders are discussed. Implementation suggestions along with examples are offered.</p><p><strong>Implications for nursing practice: </strong>Nurses have ethical and professional obligations to promote safe and effective pain management, optimize care and prevent harm for all patients. When caring for patients with pain administering medications through PRN range order enables nurses to provide safe, individualized analgesia.</p>","PeriodicalId":19959,"journal":{"name":"Pain Management Nursing","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144317617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical Function in Adults With Fibromyalgia: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Heather Lashley, Sarah R Caro, Sarah Holmes, Nicole Jennifer Klinedinst, Barbara Resnick","doi":"10.1016/j.pmn.2025.05.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmn.2025.05.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Fibromyalgia (FM) is a widespread chronic pain condition that impacts 10 million people in the United States and an estimated 3%-6% of the global population. Chronic pain leads to a marked decrease in one's quality of life, reduced productivity, chronic disease exacerbation, and psychiatric disorders. The negative impact of chronic pain on the physical and psychological health of individuals with FM can result in substantial restrictions that limit daily activities and overall physical function.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this scoping review was to synthesize applicable literature on physical function among adults living with FM, to elucidate gaps in the literature, and to recommend directions for future research related to physical function among those living with FM.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Joanna Briggs Institute scoping review methodology was used to identify and synthesize studies. The screening process was conducted using a Preferred Reporting Items for Scoping Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA-ScR) chart. The resulting 13 papers were comprehensively reviewed and demographic data was collated. Data was extracted and synthesized to form a matrix for comparison to more easily interpret major themes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Prior studies demonstrate that physical function scales are often subsumed into health-related quality of life or general function measures. The lack of a distinct measure of physical function made it difficult to compare and contrast research findings and to ensure all aspects of the concept were adequately measured. Multiple studies supported the relationship between resilience and functional adaptation among individuals with FM. Resilience was identified as a protective factor that promoted adaptation and reduced FM severity. Other factors noted to be associated with physical function included depression and multi-morbidity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The purpose of this study was to describe the meaning of physical function, identify ways to measure physical function, and explore factors associated with physical function among adults living with FM. This scoping review lays a foundation for the development of future research contributing to the advancement of the understanding of factors associated with physical function among adults living with FM.</p>","PeriodicalId":19959,"journal":{"name":"Pain Management Nursing","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144275585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perioperative Pain Threshold Trajectories and Influencing Factors Among Lung Cancer Patients.","authors":"Jinglin Zhu, Yanrong Zhou, Junhui Wang, Duo Zhang, Chun Cai, Ying Zeng, Xiaoyan Yu, Jing Liao, Yifan Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.pmn.2025.04.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmn.2025.04.007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Managing postoperative pain in lung cancer patients remains challenging. Pain threshold (PT), an objective indicator reflecting the body's sensitivity to pain, can be used to predict postoperative pain. This study aims to investigate the dynamic trajectory of perioperative pain threshold in lung cancer patients, hypothesizing that heterogeneity exists in the pain threshold trajectories.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was conducted on 325 patients who underwent lung cancer surgery in the thoracic surgery department of a tertiary hospital between April 2024 and June 2024 in Wuhan, China. The patients' pain thresholds were investigated on the day of admission, one day postoperatively, and three days postoperatively. The Group-Based Trajectory Model (GBTM) was used to identify the trajectories and categories of pain threshold changes. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was employed to investigate the factors influencing the different trajectories.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four distinct trajectories of pain thresholds were identified: high pain threshold smoothly decline group, medium-high pain threshold elastically decline group, medium pain threshold smoothly decline group, and low pain threshold smoothly decline group. Gender, alcohol consumption, diabetes comorbidity, and psychological scales (GAD-7, SRSS, PCS) were found to influence the categories of pain threshold trajectories (p < .05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Healthcare providers should develop a personalized pain management guidance plan for patients belonging to different trajectory categories, to elevate the pain threshold levels of lung cancer patients and promote their postoperative recovery, thus improving their quality of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":19959,"journal":{"name":"Pain Management Nursing","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144249145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nurses' Cancer Pain Management Competence Scale: Turkish Validity and Reliability Study.","authors":"Gülcan Bahcecioglu-Turan, Nisa Yavuzer-Bayrak, Seda Başak, Elanur Yılmaz-Karabulutlu","doi":"10.1016/j.pmn.2025.05.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmn.2025.05.005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>The aim of this study was to adapt the Nurses' Cancer Pain Management Competency Scale into Turkish and to examine the validity and reliability of the scale.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This methodological study was conducted with 244 nurses who were working in Turkey between July 2023 and May 2024. Data were collected online by using \"Personal Information Form\" and \"Nurses' Cancer Pain Management Competency Scale (NCPMCS).\" In the analysis of the data, Cronbach's alpha, Kaiser Meyer Olkin (KMO) and Barlet's sphericity test, fit indices, Average variance extracted (AVE) and Composite reliability (CR) were assessed. Maximum shared squared variance (MSV) and Average shared squared variance (ASV) were evaluated for divergent validity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The factor loadings of the scale items were found to vary between 0.740 and 0.970. The fit indices of the scale were found as follows: X² = 170.38, df = 69 (p < .05), X²/df = 2.49, RMSEA = 0.078, CFI = 0.97, RMR = 0.027, SRMR = 0.043 and TLI = 0.96. The Cronbach's alpha values of the scale sub-dimensions ranged between 0.888 and 0.931 and the overall Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.828. The validity of the Turkish version of Nurses' Cancer Pain Management Competency Scale was established without any changes in the original scale form.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>\"Nurses\" Cancer Pain Management Competency Scale\" Turkish form is a valid and reliable measurement tool to evaluate the competencies of nurses in cancer pain management and to be used in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":19959,"journal":{"name":"Pain Management Nursing","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144249144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Bundled Care: Optimizing Pain Management Outcomes in Acute Care.","authors":"Mary Kelly, Denise Danna, Marsha Bennett, Karen Rice, Helen Calmes, Paige Fisher, Mary Dioise Ramos","doi":"10.1016/j.pmn.2025.05.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmn.2025.05.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Despite therapeutic advances, inadequate pain management in hospitalized patients often leads to chronic pain and opioid dependency. Nonpharmacologic strategies offer potential benefits, especially when integrated into a bundled care approach that enhances pain management and patient engagement. This research aimed to test the effect of a standardized bundle of evidence-based pain care strategies on medical-surgical patients' perceived pain quality outcomes.</p><p><strong>Design & methods: </strong>This study employed a 2-group, quasi-experimental design to assess the impact of a unit-based intervention, PAIN-X Therapy, on pain care quality outcomes compared to usual pain care.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 365 participants included in the study to determine the effects of pain care strategies. The Intervention group reported higher acetaminophen use (p = .0465), lower marijuana use (p = .0002), and greater use of alternative therapies (p = .0505). Those receiving comprehensive pain care reported better pain relief (OR=1.73, p < .05) and coping ability (OR=1.61, p < .05). Positive outcomes were observed for participants fully adhering to the therapy bundle.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Full PAIN-X Therapy improves patients' perceptions of pain care quality based on subsample analyses, emphasizing the need for further research to expand and refine these findings.</p><p><strong>Clinical implications: </strong>Implementing comprehensive pain care bundles enhances patient outcomes and fosters collaboration across healthcare teams, optimizing the delivery of evidece-based pain relief strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19959,"journal":{"name":"Pain Management Nursing","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144234779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross-Cultural Reliability of Chinese and Dutch PAIC15 Pain Observations in Stroke and Dementia.","authors":"Marlies Feenstra, Xuemei Lin, Yuyu Zhang, Sytse Zuidema, Miriam Kunz, Songdi Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.pmn.2025.05.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmn.2025.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Observational pain assessment tools provide important information for healthcare staff in patients who have difficulty expressing themselves. Nonverbal pain expressions are influenced by cultures and may affect the accurate assessment of pain in raters and patients from different cultural backgrounds. It is unknown if observational pain assessment tools that have been developed in Western cultures can be applied reliably in non-Western cultures and whether pain can be measured reliably across cultures. The purpose of the current study was therefore to assess the interrater reliability of Chinese and Dutch raters using the 15-item Pain Assessment in Impaired Cognition (PAIC15) scale in Chinese older patients.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Cross-sectional study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using the PAIC15, pain was assessed in Chinese patients with dementia or stroke by Dutch and Chinese assessors. Interrater reliability was calculated using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Cohen's kappa. Item scores between Dutch and Chinese raters were inspected.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 45 patients (N = 25 Alzheimer's disease; N = 20 stroke patients) were observed using the PAIC15. We found good reliability scores when Chinese raters observed the patients, with ICC (95% CI) of the Chinese PAIC15 of 0.915 (0.825; 0.953). Cohen's kappa (95% CI) was 0.687 (0.474; 0.900). Intercultural reliability of all raters was moderate, 0.734 (95% CI: 0.636; 0.823).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results of the current study suggest that the interrater reliability of the PAIC15 is stable across Western and Chinese cultures. Despite these promising findings, additional future research into cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric testing is needed to ensure valid observational pain assessment across cultures.</p>","PeriodicalId":19959,"journal":{"name":"Pain Management Nursing","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144226198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Buprenorphine Is Associated With Lower Home Opioid Use and Acute Care Utilization in Sickle Cell Disease.","authors":"Charleen Jacobs-McFarlane, Angela Liu, Brittany McCrary, Sarah McCuskee, Mikayla Gordon Wexler, Elizabeth Stidham, Bin Zhang, Jeffrey Glassberg, Susanna Curtis","doi":"10.1016/j.pmn.2025.04.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmn.2025.04.012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited genetic disorder affecting an estimated 100,000 people in the United States. The hallmark of SCD is acute and chronic pain, which leads to increased healthcare utilization. Pain in SCD is treated with full opioid agonists with variable effectiveness. There is growing evidence supporting buprenorphine in adults with SCD for pain.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The objective of this study was to describe the health outcomes of buprenorphine use in adults with SCD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was a single-center, retrospective cohort study of all individuals with SCD and chronic pain treated with buprenorphine between November 2020 and January 2024. Descriptive statistics and paired t-tests were used to compare health outcomes before and after treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirteen inductions were completed, six using telemedicine, two with a diagnosis of opioid use disorder, one individual (7.7%) failed induction and did not continue buprenorphine. Median duration of follow-up was 103 days (range 21-1,497 days). Buprenorphine use was associated with lower annualized rates of emergency department visits (7.2 vs 5.9, -1.3, p < .001), hospital admissions (8.5 vs 5.6, -2.9, p < .001), and treatment center visits (3.0 vs 2.2, -0.9, p < .001), and lower rates of home opioid use (189.3 vs 35.6 morphine milligram equivalent, -153.7, p < .001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Buprenorphine induction was successful using telemedicine and for those with opioid use disorder. Buprenorphine was associated with lower opioid use and healthcare utilization in patients with SCD and chronic pain.</p>","PeriodicalId":19959,"journal":{"name":"Pain Management Nursing","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144187600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Peristomal Dermatitis-Related Pain: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Larissa Silva Santana, Maristela Lopes Gonçalves Nunes, Vera Lucia Conceição de Gouveia Santos","doi":"10.1016/j.pmn.2025.04.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmn.2025.04.014","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Purpose: &lt;/strong&gt;Peristomal skin complications affect a significant proportion of individuals living with urinary or fecal stomas, with peristomal dermatitis being the most common. Dermatological changes such as erosion, pruritus and pain are critical symptoms impacting the patients' quality of life. The purpose of this manuscript is to analyze the prevalence of peristomal dermatitis-related pain and the associated factors in patients treated in specialized outpatient clinics.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Design: &lt;/strong&gt;This is a secondary, epidemiological, observational, cross-sectional, and correlational study, with data extracted from a previously published primary study.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Data collection instruments included sociodemographic and clinical data forms, the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) for assessing the intensity of pain, and the DET® Score for evaluating the severity of peristomal dermatitis. Regression analyses were done to determine the factors associated with the presence of peristomal dermatitis-related pain. Both the primary and secondary studies were approved by a Research Ethics Committee.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;One hundred and nine adults with intestinal and urinary stomas and peristomal skin complications were enrolled in the study. Most participants were males (59/54.1%), with colostomies (58/53.2%). The most common complication was moisture-associated peristomal dermatitis (79/72.5%). The prevalence of peristomal dermatitis-related pain was 33.9% (37/109). The DET® Score was the only variable associated with the presence of \"pain at the consultation\" (0.6346; p &lt; .001) and the \"worst pain during the week\" (0.535; p &lt; .001), indicating that each point on the DET® Score increased consultation pain by 0.6 and the worst pain during the week by 0.5.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;The study demonstrated that peristomal dermatitis-related pain was present in over one-third of the sample, increasing with the severity of the lesion. Then, care efforts must be taken by health professionals, mainly nurses, in preventing peristomal dermatitis, and consequently, pain and suffering.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Clinical implications: &lt;/strong&gt;The study highlights the importance of a comprehensive patient assessment beyond the immediate clinical presentation of the peristomal skin lesion, including the quantitative and qualitative assessment of nonvisible signs and symptoms such as pain, itching, and burning. Stomatherapists and nonspecialized nurses can use this information to develop individualized care plans that incorporate pain management strategies during and after the change of the collection device. In addition, the association between peristomal skin damage and pain severity emphasizes the need for nurses and patients to monitor skin conditions with preventative measures as part of a pain prevention strategy. This approach can improve peristomal dermatitis - related pain outcomes and increase patients' quality o","PeriodicalId":19959,"journal":{"name":"Pain Management Nursing","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144174445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to \"Online Learning to Improve Nurses' Knowledge, Attitudes, and Self-Efficacy about Managing Postoperative Pain in Older Adults\" [Pain Management Nursing 25/3(2024), 249-257].","authors":"Phichpraorn Youngcharoen, Chayada Piyakhachornrot","doi":"10.1016/j.pmn.2025.05.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmn.2025.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19959,"journal":{"name":"Pain Management Nursing","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144161248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Evolution of Informational Needs of People With Complex Regional Pain Syndrome.","authors":"Colleen Johnston-Devin, Sancia West, Florin Oprescu, Katrina Lane-Krebs, Michelle Cleary","doi":"10.1016/j.pmn.2025.04.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmn.2025.04.010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To identify the information needs of people with a new or existing diagnosis of complex regional pain syndrome.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A qualitative descriptive approach was taken.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Nineteen interviews were conducted with people diagnosed with complex regional pain syndrome. The interviews were focused on issues related to seeking information. Data analysis followed the reflexive thematic analysis framework as identified by Braun and Clarke.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Analysis of the interview transcripts revealed four overarching themes-information needs and information-seeking actions at the time of diagnosis, information needs and information-seeking actions in the present, problems seeking or receiving information, and recommendations from lived experience.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The information needs of those diagnosed with complex regional pain syndrome evolve from understanding the condition to seeking management strategies specific to personal circumstances as individuals start to understand and manage the condition. People seek support from healthcare professionals and others who have lived with the condition. Access to current, credible information and acknowledgment of their pain reality by healthcare professionals are important considerations for individuals with complex regional pain syndrome.</p>","PeriodicalId":19959,"journal":{"name":"Pain Management Nursing","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144142513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}