Pain Management Nursing最新文献

{"title":"Comparing Standardized Patient and Case-Based Pain Education in Nursing Students.","authors":"Necibe Dagcan Sahin, Senay Takmak, Burcu Nal, Ferzan Kalaycı Emek","doi":"10.1016/j.pmn.2026.03.022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmn.2026.03.022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Pain management is a crucial part of nursing care, and it is important for nursing students to learn pain assessment and management techniques to provide effective care. This study was conducted to examine the effects of standardized patient and case-based pain management programs on nursing students' pain attitudes, self-efficacy, beliefs, and clinical skills self-efficacy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was conducted as a single-blind randomized trial. Data were collected using a Student Information Form, the Nursing Students' Attitudes toward Pain Assessment Scale, the Pain Management Self-Efficacy Questionnaire, the Pain Beliefs Questionnaire, and the Short and Universal Learning Self-Efficacy Scale for Clinical Skills. The study was conducted in three stages: theoretical education, laboratory practice, and clinical practice.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the standardized patient group, a significant decrease in pain assessment attitude scores was observed at Time 1 compared to Time 0, but scores significantly increased following clinical practice (Time 2 and Time 3). Conversely, the case-based group showed a steady increase in attitude scores. Pain management self-efficacy scores significantly improved in both groups, with the standardized patient group achieving higher scores at Time 2 and Time 3 (p < .05). Both methods effectively enhanced pain beliefs, though the standardized patient group demonstrated higher organic belief scores.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Both programs are effective; however, the standardized patient method provides a stronger long-term impact on self-efficacy and belief levels, while case-based education is effective for rapid attitude improvement. Integrating both methods can provide a more comprehensive pain management education.</p><p><strong>Clinical implications: </strong>Integrating standardized patient and case-based pain management programs into nursing education can enhance students' attitudes, self-efficacy, and beliefs regarding pain, potentially leading to improved clinical decision-making and more effective patient care in real-world settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":19959,"journal":{"name":"Pain Management Nursing","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147699212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Virtual Reality-Based Relaxation Exercise on Postoperative Pain and Kinesiophobia.","authors":"Zeynep Menteş, Funda Çetinkaya","doi":"10.1016/j.pmn.2026.03.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmn.2026.03.017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the effects of virtual reality-based progressive relaxation exercises on postoperative pain and kinesiophobia in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA).</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>This randomized controlled experimental study was conducted at the Aksaray Training and Research Hospital, Orthopedics and Traumatology Clinic, between January and October 2024.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study sample consisted of 80 participants, with 40 individuals assigned to the experimental group and 40 to the control group. In both groups, a continuous passive motion (CPM) device was applied for three consecutive days following TKA surgery (postoperative days 1, 2, and 3). In the experimental group, in addition to the CPM device, participants engaged in virtual reality-based progressive relaxation exercises during the same period. Data were collected using a Patient Information Form, the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The demographic and clinical characteristics of participants in the experimental and control groups were similar across all control variables except for body mass index (p > .05). VAS scores in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group on all three postoperative days (p < .001). Similarly, Tampa Scale scores were significantly lower in the experimental group compared to the control group on each day of measurement (p < .001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Virtual reality-based progressive relaxation exercises applied during CPM therapy after TKA significantly reduce pain and kinesiophobia, with clinically meaningful benefits.</p><p><strong>Clinical implications: </strong>Integrating virtual reality-based relaxation exercises into CPM therapy may improve early postoperative rehabilitation by reducing pain-related movement fear and enhancing patient participation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19959,"journal":{"name":"Pain Management Nursing","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147699196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Muscle Biomechanical Properties, Pain, and Disability in Chronic Neck Pain: The Associations With Demographic Factors.","authors":"Berna Cagla Balkisli, Gamze Aydin, Derya Azim, Emine Atici","doi":"10.1016/j.pmn.2026.03.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmn.2026.03.014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Chronic neck pain (CNP), which ranks as the fourth leading cause of disability worldwide, negatively affects quality of life and impairs activities of daily living. This study aimed to examine the relationships between muscle biomechanical properties, pain, disability, and demographic factors in individuals with CNP.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Cross-sectional study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty-one participants (mean age 29.63 ± 12.46 years; 78% female) were included. Muscle properties of the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid (SCM) were assessed using myotonometry, while pain intensity (NRS), multidimensional pain impact (PEG), and disability (Neck Disability Index [NDI], Bournemouth Neck Pain Questionnaire [BNPQ]) were recorded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant positive correlations were found between age and trapezius/SCM tone, stiffness, and decrement values (r = 0.312-.811, p < .05 to <.001), ranging from weak to very strong. Additionally, SCM decrement showed a moderate correlation with BMI (r = 0.439, p = .004). Pain measures demonstrated strong associations with disability: NRS correlated with NDI (r = 0.448, p = .003) and BNPQ (r = 0.481, p = .001), while PEG showed stronger correlations with NDI (r = 0.637, p < .001) and BNPQ (r = 0.615, p < .001). Regression analyses showed that pain measures were significantly associated with disability, with PEG explaining a greater proportion variance (NDI R²=.406, BNPQ R²=.378) compared to NRS (NDI R²=.219, BNPQ R²=.213). No direct associations were found between muscle biomechanical properties and pain.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and clinical implications: </strong>These findings indicate that muscle biomechanical properties are associated with demographic factors such as age and BMI, whereas pain-particularly when assessed using multidimensional instruments-is more strongly associated with disability in individuals with CNP.</p>","PeriodicalId":19959,"journal":{"name":"Pain Management Nursing","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147675860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Child-Mother Fear and Anxiety During Skin Prick Test: Sociodemographic Correlates.","authors":"Funda Gürbüz, Emine Geçkil, Şükrü Nail Güner","doi":"10.1016/j.pmn.2026.03.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmn.2026.03.009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to assess fear and anxiety levels associated with skin prick testing (SPT), a minimally invasive procedure, in children and their mothers, and to examine the associations between these psychological responses and sociodemographic variables.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>This study employed a descriptive, cross-sectional design.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The sample comprised 165 children aged 5-10 years and their mothers attending a pediatric allergy and immunology outpatient clinic. Following ethical approval and informed consent, data were collected through face-to-face interviews. Instruments included a demographic questionnaire, the Children's Anxiety Meter-State (CAM-S), the Child Fear Scale (CFS), and the Beck Anxiety Inventory.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Child anxiety and fear decreased with increasing child age, while maternal anxiety increased as child age decreased (p < .05). Higher anxiety levels were observed in children residing in urban areas and those with pets (p < .05). Child fear was higher among children of mothers with higher education, employed mothers, and those living in urban settings (p < .05). Maternal anxiety was higher among mothers with higher education, urban residence, and pet ownership, but lower among mothers of children with a history of allergy (p < .05). Maternal anxiety was positively correlated with both child anxiety and fear (p < .05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Sociodemographic factors, including maternal education, urban residence, and pet ownership, are significantly associated with anxiety levels in both children and their mothers during SPT.</p><p><strong>Clinical implications: </strong>These findings highlight the importance of assessing both child and maternal anxiety in a dyadic context. Tailored, family-centered nursing interventions targeting high-risk groups may help reduce procedural anxiety during pediatric allergy testing.</p>","PeriodicalId":19959,"journal":{"name":"Pain Management Nursing","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147675913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Preoperative Psychological Well-Being on Postoperative Pain and Physiological Parameters in Women Undergoing Mastectomy.","authors":"Çağla Toprak, Yeliz Yildirim Varişoğlu, Şükran Öztürk, Hüseyin Emre Ulukaya, Kamuran Zeynep Sevim","doi":"10.1016/j.pmn.2026.03.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmn.2026.03.011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of preoperative psychological well-being on postoperative pain and physiological parameters in women undergoing mastectomy for breast cancer.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted at the General Surgery Clinic of a Training and Research Hospital in Istanbul between July 2024 and April 2025. A total of 69 women who underwent mastectomy participated in the study. Data were collected using a demographic information form, psychological well-being scale, visual analog scale for pain, and a physiological parameter form including pulse rate, blood pressure, body temperature, and respiratory rate.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Women who underwent bilateral mastectomy reported significantly lower psychological well-being and higher postoperative pain levels compared to those who underwent unilateral mastectomy (p < .05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In conclusion, this study shows that preoperative psychological well-being is related to postoperative pain levels and physiological parameters. Psychological assessment and support should be integrated into preoperative nursing care, particularly for patients undergoing bilateral mastectomy.</p>","PeriodicalId":19959,"journal":{"name":"Pain Management Nursing","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147675933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comorbid Conditions of Ehlers-Danlos Syndromes and Vulvodynia: A Latent Class Analysis.","authors":"Jennifer E Glayzer, Bethany C Bray, William H Kobak, Caleb M Trujillo, Crystal L Patil, Hongjin Li, Clair A Francomano, Judith M Schlaeger","doi":"10.1016/j.pmn.2026.03.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmn.2026.03.005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Having an Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) or hypermobility spectrum disorder (HSD) may increase the likelihood of vulvodynia six-fold. Studying vulvodynia in EDS/HSD may help identify causes of vulvodynia and potential treatments. Currently there are no consistently effective treatment methods for vulvodynia. We aim to identify comorbid condition patterns and how they affect a participant's likelihood of screening positive for vulvodynia.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Online survey.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A secondary analysis was conducted using latent class analysis on data from females aged ≥18 years with EDS or HSD (N = 1,016) who were screened for vulvodynia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Five comorbid condition patterns of 9 indicators were identified. Among the patterns 2 overarching comorbid condition phenotypes were present, 1) non-musculoskeletal phenotype (n = 185) comprised of mast cell activation disorder, gastrointestinal conditions, and dysautonomia; and 2) pain phenotype (n = 442) comprised of chronic pain and pelvic instability; 201 participants endorsed both phenotypes. The non-musculoskeletal phenotype incurred the smallest likelihood of screening positive, followed by the pain phenotype. Endorsed both phenotypes resulted in significantly greater likelihood of screening vulvodynia positive (p < 0.05) compared to one phenotype.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Phenotypes may constitute 1) different pathways for developing vulvodynia and/or 2) different subtypes of vulvodynia and/or EDS. We hypothesize that as a person accumulates comorbid conditions, their allostatic load increases, and once a personal allostatic load threshold is crossed, vulvodynia may develop.</p><p><strong>Clinical implications: </strong>Different pathways for developing vulvodynia may explain why there is no consistently effective treatment for vulvodynia. Phenotypes may be able to be used to develop personalized treatment methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":19959,"journal":{"name":"Pain Management Nursing","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147675865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Influencing Nurses' Willingness to Provide Pain Relief: A Factorial Vignette Study.","authors":"Anat Swilim, Semyon Melnikov","doi":"10.1016/j.pmn.2026.03.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmn.2026.03.012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To examine how nurses' willingness to provide pain relief is influenced by patients' self-reported pain intensity, observable pain behavior, and sex when evaluating hypothetical clinical scenarios.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A cross-sectional study using a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial vignette-based design.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Overall, 127 registered nurses completed eight randomized clinical vignettes describing patients differing in sex (male/female), self-reported pain intensity (moderate/high), and visible pain behavior (present/absent). After each vignette, the nurses rated their willingness to administer over-the-counter analgesics on a 0%-100% scale. A mixed-design ANOVA was used to analyse the main and interaction effects, with nurse sex, pain-management training, and workplace setting included as between-subjects variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nurses reported a higher willingness to provide analgesics in vignettes depicting high (vs. moderate) self-reported pain intensity and when pain behavior was present. The main effect of patient sex was not statistically significant. A significant self-reported pain intensity × pain behavior interaction indicated that pain behavior had a stronger influence when the self-reported pain intensity was moderate. Between-nurse analyses showed that nurse sex, training, and workplace setting were associated with small variations in willingness ratings, whereas patient sex did not meaningfully shift the overall patterns of response.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Within the vignette context, nurses' willingness ratings were primarily associated with patients' self-reported pain intensity, with observable pain behavior exerting additional influence at moderate pain levels. These findings describe judgment tendencies under standardized hypothetical scenarios and should not be interpreted as direct indicators of clinical behavior.</p><p><strong>Clinical implications: </strong>Understanding how nurses weight patient cues in hypothetical decision-making may help identify potential cognitive biases and inform educational discussions about pain assessment. Although these results do not represent actual treatment behavior, reflecting on such judgment patterns may support more consistent and evidence-informed pain-management practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":19959,"journal":{"name":"Pain Management Nursing","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147654751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrative Review of Simulation-Based Pain Management Education in Undergraduate Nursing Programs.","authors":"Elizabeth Byma","doi":"10.1016/j.pmn.2026.03.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmn.2026.03.010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pain management education continues to be inadequate. Utilizing simulation may be useful to improve pain management education in undergraduate nursing programs. The purpose of this integrative review was to explore the current state of the literature regarding the use of simulation-based education to teach pain management in undergraduate nursing.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An integrative review was performed as outlined by the Whittemore and Knafl integrative review method utilizing The Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Web of Science, Psychology and Behavioral Collection, and PubMed. The following search terms were used: Pain management AND nursing education AND (simulation training or simulation education or simulation learning) NOT nurse practitioner.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The search identified 10 studies for this integrative review after initially examining a total of 82 studies from 2015 to 2025. One was a scoping review, and another a general literature review. Out of eight interventional studies, three were carried out in the United States. Five were carried out internationally: Australia, Taiwan, and Jordan. Simulation modalities included traditional in-person simulation with mannequins and standardized patients, computer and audio-visual recorded simulations, computer-based branching path simulation, and virtual reality simulations. Overall, the simulation interventions were reported to be helpful and engaging. Interventions exploring the multi-dimensional nature of pain, pain assessment and measurement, management of pain, and clinical conditions are needed in simulation for undergraduate nursing education.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Results indicated that most of the reviewed research addressed pain management strategies, with a few also addressing the multi-dimensional nature of pain, pain assessment and measurement, and clinical conditions affecting the pain experience. It is suggested that future research compares different pain simulation modalities as well as uses randomized controlled designs to strengthen the body of literature about this topic.</p>","PeriodicalId":19959,"journal":{"name":"Pain Management Nursing","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147654753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Older Adult and Caregiver Pain Experience During Hospital-to-Home Transitions.","authors":"Samantha Webb, Barbara St Marie, Barbara Rakel, Daniel Liebzeit","doi":"10.1016/j.pmn.2026.03.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmn.2026.03.013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Pain is cited as the most common reason that older adults seek medical care and is one of the leading causes of disability in the United States. The objective of this study is to describe older adults and their unpaid/family caregivers' experience and perspective of pain during hospital-to-home transitions.</p><p><strong>Design and methods: </strong>This study was a secondary analysis of interview data from a grounded theory study using content analysis. Pain emerged as an important aspect of a hospital-to-home transition, with all but five of the original older adult and caregiver participants spontaneously mentioning pain and it's role before, during, and/or after hospitalization.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-six of the 41 older adults and caregivers were included in this analysis. Four categories (perception, impact, management, and interactions) emerged regarding older adults' and caregivers' experience of pain during their hospital-to-home transition. Older adults and caregivers discussed how pain affects themselves and each other.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and clinical implications: </strong>Our findings add new evidence supporting the importance of recognizing and managing pain throughout an older adult hospital-to-home transition, especially in how it may impact their ability to function at home. Pain impacted participants admitted for both medical and surgical reasons and affected both the caregivers and the older adults physically and psychologically.</p>","PeriodicalId":19959,"journal":{"name":"Pain Management Nursing","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147646160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feasibility of Gamified Web-Based Pain Neuroscience Education for Chronic Low Back Pain.","authors":"Fran Valenzuela-Pascual, Jordi Virgili-Gomà, Fidel Molina-Luque, Jorge Soler-González, Francisco Corbi, Francesc Rubí-Carnacea, Carolina Climent-Sanz, Joan Blanco-Blanco, Emilio Puentedura","doi":"10.1016/j.pmn.2026.03.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmn.2026.03.015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To develop a web-based pain neuroscience education intervention based on patients' beliefs and evaluate its feasibility, engagement, and preliminary clinical effects in chronic low back pain.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Up to 90% of patients with low back pain have not received a clear explanation for the source of their pain. Web-based educational interventions offer a promising avenue to improve knowledge and self-management behaviors in chronic pain populations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a mixed-method exploratory sequential study designed as a pilot feasibility trial. Following a qualitative phase (n = 16) to inform content development, a randomized controlled trial was conducted with 48 patients in primary care. The 15-day intervention group (n = 26) accessed a gamified website, while the control group (n = 22) followed conventional care. Primary outcomes were feasibility (recruitment/retention) and user engagement metrics. Secondary clinical outcomes included pain intensity, fear-avoidance beliefs, kinesiophobia, and disability.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study demonstrated high feasibility with a 92% retention rate. Engagement analysis revealed heterogeneous usage patterns, consistent with a self-directed learning design. Regarding clinical outcomes, the intervention significantly prevented the deterioration of disability observed in the control group (MD -4.1; p = .023). No significant between-group differences were observed for pain intensity, although the experimental group showed significant within-group reductions in fear-avoidance beliefs and kinesiophobia.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A gamified web-based pain neuroscience education intervention is feasible and acceptable for patients in primary care. While a 15-day dose was insufficient to reduce pain intensity, the intervention effectively prevented functional deterioration. Future definitive trials should implement longer durations (>4 weeks) to optimize clinical efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":19959,"journal":{"name":"Pain Management Nursing","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147645984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}