Pain Management Nursing最新文献

{"title":"Nurses' Perceptions of Their Professional Autonomy in Nonpharmacologic Pain Management: A Qualitative Study.","authors":"Gözde Özaras Öz, Müjgan Onarici","doi":"10.1016/j.pmn.2024.10.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmn.2024.10.011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The aim was to examine nurses' experiences and opinions regarding using their professional autonomy in nonpharmacologic pain management.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A qualitative descriptive approach was used in the study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study was conducted in the acute care services of a public hospital between December 10, 2022, and March 2023. It was completed with 29 nurses using the purposive sampling method. Data were collected using an ``Interview Guide'' consisting of semi-structured open-ended questions and analyzed using the content analysis method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four main categories emerged. (1) Individual qualities behind independent actions, (2) physician influence in professional autonomy, (3) establishing a positive therapeutic relationship in professional autonomy, and (4) recognizing barriers to professional autonomy. Nurses perceive that they enhance their professional autonomy in nonpharmacologic pain management by making independent decisions and selecting the nonpharmacologic intervention that will optimally benefit the patient. This is achieved by making the most beneficial nonpharmacologic application for the patient, having professional competencies, and realizing physician-nurse collaboration.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Nurses can improve their professional autonomy in nonpharmacologic pain management by gaining knowledge, skills, expertise, and leadership skills, participating in joint decision-making processes with physicians, and considering patient preferences and needs. Discussions regarding complete professional autonomy among nurses were limited by the patients' conditions, physicians' opinions, and management's decisions. Nurse managers can use their experience to offer additional details on care, protocols and practices.</p><p><strong>Clinical implications: </strong>Nurse managers can support nurses in their units and use their expertise to develop care, practices, and processes. At the organizational level, they can create a working environment in which nurses can better participate in multiprofessional working groups. Supportive management can have a significant positive impact on nurses' professional autonomy. It creates a work culture in the organization where there is an opportunity for shared decision-making and development of daily work without hierarchy and where employees feel trusted and valued.</p>","PeriodicalId":19959,"journal":{"name":"Pain Management Nursing","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142807605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Actively Waiting: Feasibility and Acceptability of a Virtual Self-Management Program Designed to Empower People With Chronic Pain Waiting for Interprofessional Care.","authors":"Rachael Bosma, Nida Mustafa, Emeralda Burke, Agnes Alsius, Etienne J Bisson, Lynn K Cooper, Tim V Salomons, Jacqueline Galica, Patricia A Poulin, Martha Wiggin, Tania Di Renna, Joshua A Rash, Rosemary A Wilson","doi":"10.1016/j.pmn.2024.10.020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmn.2024.10.020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic pain affects 1.9 billion people worldwide and wait times for interprofessional pain management programs can be extensive. The existing wait times provide an opportunity to introduce internet-based interventions that enhance self-management ability.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this study was to examine the feasibility, acceptability, engagement, and meaningfulness of an online program designed to enhance the readiness for change and self-management.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Participants (N = 61) waiting for interprofessional chronic pain care at two centers were assigned to engage in either a series of eight self-directed web-based modules or engage in the modules with the addition of four one-on-one sessions delivered by coaches trained in motivational interviewing techniques.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We collected participant demographics, feasibility and engagement metrics, and pre and post intervention questionnaires. A subset of participants from each group participated in an interview (n = 22).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The use of online modules was found to be feasible and acceptable for participants and engagement varied depending on individual preference and between modules. Participants noted that the content and approach were relevant and meaningful, influencing changes in thinking and behaviour around pain self-management. Exploratory analyses were performed and supported improvement in self-efficacy and chronic pain acceptance outcomes in both groups. Coaching did not augment improvements in any of our outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and clinical implications: </strong>The use of a self-directed web-based chronic pain and motivational empowerment program appears to be a promising option to support people waiting for specialist care and may influence readiness for interprofessional care.</p>","PeriodicalId":19959,"journal":{"name":"Pain Management Nursing","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142791808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Status and Challenges of Pain Assessment in Hospitalized Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Xiaofeng Xu, Hongxiu Chen, Jing Xu, Yue'er Zhang, Renrong Gong, Xiuying Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.pmn.2024.11.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmn.2024.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Accurate pain assessment still faces many challenges, which impact the effectiveness of analgesic interventions. Understanding the current status of pain assessment implementation and its inhibiting and facilitating factors might help facilitate accurate pain assessment.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Purpose: &lt;/strong&gt;To investigate the nurses' current pain assessment practices for hospitalized patients and analyze the factors that facilitate or inhibit the standardization of pain assessment implementation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Design: &lt;/strong&gt;This study is a cross-sectional survey that includes a questionnaire survey and an on-site observation. The questionnaire survey was conducted in 78 public hospitals in 18 districts or counties of Sichuan Province, China, with 1,050 clinical registered nurses surveyed. The on-site observation was conducted in a university-affiliated tertiary hospital, separate from the public hospitals.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Method: &lt;/strong&gt;In the questionnaire survey, a structured self-administered \"Pain Nursing Practice Questionnaire\" was used to assess nurses' pain practice behaviors in four aspects: pain assessment, recording, intervention, and education. Additionally, in third-party on-site observations, observers evaluated nurses' pain assessment practices in clinical settings.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Results for the questionnaire survey showed that pain assessments were most frequently conducted once per day (53.4%), primarily triggered by patient reports of pain (93.0%) and following pain management interventions (93.0%). The Numerical Rating Scale was the most commonly used tool for patients who could report pain (86.7%), while the Checklist of Nonverbal Pain Indicators was most used for nonverbal patients (63.2%). Factors affecting accurate pain assessment included poor compliance with protocols (79.71%) and insufficient knowledge of pain assessment (65.43%). The average assessment time reported by nurses for speaking patients was 198 seconds. However, the average time nurses took to assess the pain of speaking patients was 98 seconds in on-site observations. The on-site observations showed an average assessment time of 124.9 seconds upon patient admission and 77.3 seconds for patients during hospitalization, with the difference being statistically significant (t = 2.123, p = .038). Additionally, 10.2% of nurses did not inquire about specific pain complaints, and 18.4% did not use pain assessment tools.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;The study reveals significant discrepancies in pain assessment practices among nurses. In the process of pain assessment practice, the assessment time is shorter, and the process is less standardized compared to self-reported results. The factors impeding standardized pain assessment included nurses' insufficient knowledge and poor protocol adherence. Therefore, enhanced training, more explicit guidelines, and robust institutional support are needed to standardize pain","PeriodicalId":19959,"journal":{"name":"Pain Management Nursing","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142792148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Psychometric Properties of the Chinese Version of the Pain Relief Motivation Scale in Patients With Neurogenic Chronic Pain.","authors":"Yunmei Ding, Yanyan Zhang, Shouwei Yue","doi":"10.1016/j.pmn.2024.11.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmn.2024.11.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Pain Relief Motivation Scale (PRMS) was administered to chronic pain sufferers and predicts their psychological well-being. However, the Chinese version of the PRMS has not undergone psychometric validation.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The PRMS will be psychometrically validated in patients with neuropathic pain-induced chronic pain from mainland China.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study involved 340 patients with neuropathic chronic pain from China. The measurability of the Chinese version of the PRMS was determined by the critical ratio between items, and reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The study also examined the validity of the construction and criterion validity of the Chinese PRMS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Chinese version of the PRMS had critical ratio (CR) values ranging from 4.044 to 15.977 (p < 0.05). The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the scale was 0.821, and the Cronbach's alpha coefficients for the subscales ranged from 0.663 to 0.961. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) showed that five variables accounted for 77.73% of the total variance. The results of the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) supported the framework for the assessment of the 21-item PRMS. The Chinese version of the PRMS was positively correlated with the General Self-Efficacy Scale in the correlation validity analyses (r = 0.458, p < .001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The Chinese version of the PRMS has powerful validity and reliability and can be used to assess the level of the motivation for pain alleviation in people with pain, serving as a reference for the development of intervention programs for healthcare providers.</p>","PeriodicalId":19959,"journal":{"name":"Pain Management Nursing","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142786381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hand and Foot Massage on Pain Management After Cesarean Section: A Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Yanshu Zhang, Xiaoling Qin, Qiaomeng Li, Juanjuan Ma, Lu Rao, Jie Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.pmn.2024.10.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmn.2024.10.017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pain following a cesarean section is a significantly stressful experience, impeding women's fast recovery. Interventions such as hand and foot massage have been employed for pain management after cesarean sections, but their effectiveness remains undetermined.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To comprehensively explore the effects of hand and foot massage on improving pain management after a cesarean section.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CINAHL, and China National Knowledge Internet (CNKI) for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published from database inception to March 1, 2023 (updated to August 31, 2024), in English or Chinese. The meta-analysis was conducted in Review Manager 5.4, in which the embedded Cochrane risk-of-bias tool was employed to evaluate the quality of eligible studies. The results were pain and anxiety assessments following cesarean sections. Subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis with a fixed-effects model and random-effects models were used to justify the pooled standard mean differences (SMDs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seven RCTs involving 581 women after a cesarean section were included. The meta-analysis revealed that hand and foot massage could significantly reduce pain right after (SMD = -3.55, 95% CI [-3.90, -3.19], p < .001); 60 minutes (SMD = -2.44, 95% CI [-2.82, -2,06], p < .001); and 90 minutes (SMD = -1.10, 95% CI [-1.42, -0.78], p < .001) after cesarean section. Anxiety was also immediately improved when foot and hand massage was performed the first day after the cesarean section (SMD = -0.58, 95% CI [-0.95, -0.20], p = .003).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This meta-analysis indicated that hand and foot massage are beneficial for pain and anxiety management among women following a cesarean section. Appropriate implementation in clinical practice was suggested at an early stage.</p>","PeriodicalId":19959,"journal":{"name":"Pain Management Nursing","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142786330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dyadic Comparison of Pain and Stress in Alzheimer's Disease and Caregivers.","authors":"Alison R Anderson, Juliana Souza-Talarico, Ishika Mahajan, Todd B Monroe, Alai Tan, Amy R Mackos, Jodi L Ford, Kathy D Wright, Tanya Gure, Karen M Rose, Karen O Moss","doi":"10.1016/j.pmn.2024.10.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmn.2024.10.010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Millions of people live with dementia worldwide, relying heavily on family caregivers. Pain is common in both people living with Alzheimer's disease (PLWAD) and their caregivers, contributing to stress and burden. To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine the relationship between pain, stress, hair cortisol, and mental health in PLWAD and their caregivers and how these factors are linked to caregiver burden.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This exploratory pilot study included five PLWAD-caregiver dyads. Participants completed questionnaires on pain, mental health, and demographics. Hair samples were collected for cortisol analysis. Pearson correlation coefficients (r) were used to assess relationships between various factors of PLWAD and their caregivers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Contrary to expectations, pain and mental health measures for PLWAD displayed a trend toward negative correlation with their hair cortisol levels. Conversely, caregiver pain and mental health measures had a trend toward positive correlation with their hair cortisol levels. There was also a trend that higher pain in PLWAD was associated with higher caregiver burden.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This exploratory pilot study showed associational trends suggesting a complex relationship between pain, mental health, and stress in PLWAD-caregiver dyads. This preliminary work will inform future studies that can help advance targeted, tailored interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":19959,"journal":{"name":"Pain Management Nursing","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142780432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Capabilities Toward Intravenous Patient-Controlled Analgesia: A Cross-Sectional Study of Registered Nurses Working in Two Tertiary Hospitals in China and Thailand.","authors":"Khomapak Maneewat, Noppadon Kaewamporn, Shiyan Ren, Sahas Bilalee, Wirat Wasinwong, Sasikaan Nimmanrat, Duangsuda Siripituphum, Sumamita Swusdinaruenart","doi":"10.1016/j.pmn.2024.06.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmn.2024.06.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>An increased interest has been observed in the wide use of intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (IV-PCA) to control acute postoperative pain in both China and Thailand. The safety and efficacy of IV-PCA in patient care requires competent and capable staff nurses. This study aimed to appraise the capabilities of Thai and Chinese registered nurses regarding IV-PCA as a guide to develop educational programs.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted with 203 Chinese and 270 Thai registered nurses. An anonymous self-report questionnaire addressing 6 domains of capabilities toward IV-PCA was used to collect the data. Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed to analyze the data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study found that the mean percentage scores (MPS) of the overall capability on IV-PCA of the Thai and Chinese nurse participants were 55.5 (mean [M] = 57.3, standard deviation [SD] = 4.9) and 62.6 (M = 58.7, SD = 13.0), respectively, which indicated very low and low levels. Barriers to the use and care of patients receiving IV-PCA after surgery according to the Thai and Chinese nurse participants included a lack of knowledge and systematic training regarding IV-PCA and a lack of first-hand experience in providing care for IV-PCA patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study results call for intensive and effective training and education concerning all domains for registered nurses involved with patients receiving IV-PCA.</p>","PeriodicalId":19959,"journal":{"name":"Pain Management Nursing","volume":" ","pages":"e465-e471"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141617022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Using Virtual Reality Technology on Pain and Hemodynamic Variables in Patients Receiving Hand Laceration Repair in an Emergency Department: A Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Masomeh Gharanli, Atye Babaii, Bahman Aghaie, Mohammad Abbasinia","doi":"10.1016/j.pmn.2024.05.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmn.2024.05.007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pain and altered hemodynamic variables are among the most common complications in patients undergoing hand laceration repair in an Emergency Department.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the effects of using virtual reality (VR) technology on pain and hemodynamic variables in patients receiving hand laceration repair in an Emergency Department.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This nonblinded randomized clinical trial included 160 patients undergoing laceration repair to their hands under local anesthetics from November 2020 to May 2021. The participants were randomly allocated to the experimental and control groups. Patients in the control group received routine care (such as ambient noise reduction, providing explanations about the surgery, and Lidocaine injection before the surgery). In the experimental group, a video containing natural landscapes and sounds was played using a semi-immersive VR headset during the surgery. Pain level and hemodynamic variables were measured immediately before and after the intervention. The pain was measured using the Critical Care Pain Observation Tool and Visual Analog Scale.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Immediately after the intervention, systolic blood pressure (BP), respiration rate, and pain intensity were significantly lower in the intervention group compared with the control group (p < .05). There were no significant differences between the intervention and control groups regarding diastolic BP, mean BP, SPO2, heart rate, and muscular tension (p > .05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Semi-immersive VR is effective in managing pain and hemodynamic variables during hand laceration repair. The nurses could use the semi-immersive VR to better control of pain and hemodynamic variables during hand laceration repair.</p>","PeriodicalId":19959,"journal":{"name":"Pain Management Nursing","volume":" ","pages":"e445-e451"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141296519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nursing and Chaplain Partnership for Pain Management: A Survey of Nurses.","authors":"Karen J Brannon, Zachary P Felix, Katherine R Meyers, Heather M Stamey, Sarah K Spilman","doi":"10.1016/j.pmn.2024.05.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmn.2024.05.011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Pain is a universal experience for hospitalized patients, with physical, psychological, spiritual, and cognitive implications. As hospitals seek to identify nonpharmaceutical options for managing acute pain, the role of chaplains has been overlooked. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the perceptions of nurses regarding chaplain involvement in pain management.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A survey was distributed to nurses to determine if they would request spiritual care services in various patient and family scenarios. Respondents were dichotomized into two groups based on self-report of whether they would contact a chaplain for patients with uncontrolled pain. Differences between groups were calculated using chi-square tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 45 nurse respondents, 27 (60%) reported they would not contact a chaplain for patients with uncontrolled pain. Nurses who would consult the chaplain for pain management did not differ from nurses who would not consult the chaplain in terms of their own religious identification, knowledge of patient religious documentation in the medical record, or past experience with chaplain services.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Study findings suggest that nurses' perceptions of chaplain involvement in pain management must be addressed prior to implementing a new hospital pain management protocol.</p><p><strong>Clinical implications: </strong>When developing and implementing new pain protocols based on holistic care of patients, hospitals should ensure that nursing staff are educated on when and how to incorporate chaplains as part of a holistic approach to managing acute pain.</p>","PeriodicalId":19959,"journal":{"name":"Pain Management Nursing","volume":" ","pages":"622-627"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141437304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maintaining Continuous Support of the Jean Guveyan Scholarship Fund for Pain Management Education.","authors":"Ann M Schreier","doi":"10.1016/j.pmn.2024.10.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmn.2024.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19959,"journal":{"name":"Pain Management Nursing","volume":" ","pages":"549-550"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142558464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}