Pain Management Nursing最新文献

{"title":"Capabilities Toward Intravenous Patient-Controlled Analgesia: A Cross-Sectional Study of Registered Nurses Working in Two Tertiary Hospitals in China and Thailand.","authors":"Khomapak Maneewat, Noppadon Kaewamporn, Shiyan Ren, Sahas Bilalee, Wirat Wasinwong, Sasikaan Nimmanrat, Duangsuda Siripituphum, Sumamita Swusdinaruenart","doi":"10.1016/j.pmn.2024.06.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmn.2024.06.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>An increased interest has been observed in the wide use of intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (IV-PCA) to control acute postoperative pain in both China and Thailand. The safety and efficacy of IV-PCA in patient care requires competent and capable staff nurses. This study aimed to appraise the capabilities of Thai and Chinese registered nurses regarding IV-PCA as a guide to develop educational programs.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted with 203 Chinese and 270 Thai registered nurses. An anonymous self-report questionnaire addressing 6 domains of capabilities toward IV-PCA was used to collect the data. Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed to analyze the data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study found that the mean percentage scores (MPS) of the overall capability on IV-PCA of the Thai and Chinese nurse participants were 55.5 (mean [M] = 57.3, standard deviation [SD] = 4.9) and 62.6 (M = 58.7, SD = 13.0), respectively, which indicated very low and low levels. Barriers to the use and care of patients receiving IV-PCA after surgery according to the Thai and Chinese nurse participants included a lack of knowledge and systematic training regarding IV-PCA and a lack of first-hand experience in providing care for IV-PCA patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study results call for intensive and effective training and education concerning all domains for registered nurses involved with patients receiving IV-PCA.</p>","PeriodicalId":19959,"journal":{"name":"Pain Management Nursing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141617022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationships Between Function, Pain Severity and Psychological and Cognitive Levels in People With Chronic Neck Pain: Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Faruk Tanik, Derya Ozer Kaya","doi":"10.1016/j.pmn.2024.06.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmn.2024.06.008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the relationship between pain and functional levels with pain catastrophizing, rumination, decision-making, and critical thinking in people with chronic neck pain.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study included 62 patients with chronic neck pain who had presented to a physiotherapy center with pain complaints for at least 3 months. The visual analog scale for pain severity, the Neck Disability Index for functional level, the Pain Catastrophizing Scale, the Ruminative Thinking Scale, the Melbourne Decision-Making Scale I-II, and the Marmara Critical Thinking Inventory were used for assessments.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Activity pain, night pain, and disability were positively correlated with rumination (rho: 0.368, p = .003; rho: 0.423, p = <.001; rho = 0.334, p = .008). There was a positive correlation between night pain, disability, and pain catastrophizing (rho = 0.298, p = .019; rho = .434 p < .001). A negative correlation was observed between patients' pain severity and disability with critical thinking scores (rho = -0.393, p = .002; rho = -0.377 p = .003, rho = -0.428 p < .001, rho = -0.441 p < .001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study suggested that there were positive correlations between pain severity and disability with rumination and pain catastrophizing. Additionally, chronic neck pain was found to have negative correlations with critical thinking scores, indicating potential impacts on cognitive processes. These findings may provide insights into the complex interplay between chronic pain and psychological factors, which can inform the development of interventions to enhance chronic pain management.</p>","PeriodicalId":19959,"journal":{"name":"Pain Management Nursing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141604010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Combining Acupuncture and Physical Therapy for the Management of Patients With Frozen Shoulder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Bo Xu, Lei Zhang, Xudong Zhao, Shouhan Feng, Jinxia Li, Ye Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.pmn.2024.06.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmn.2024.06.009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Frozen shoulder, a debilitating condition causing pain and restricted joint mobility, often challenges conventional physical therapy methods. This study investigates the efficacy of combined acupuncture and physical therapy regimen, as opposed to physical therapy alone, for pain reduction and improvement of the clinical effective rate and the range of motion in patients with frozen shoulder.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Trial, and Web of Science databases was done for randomized controlled trials, quasi-experimental, and nonrandomized studies, reporting data of adult (>18 years) patients with frozen shoulder who received physical therapy with or without acupuncture. Outcomes of interest were pain, clinical effective rate, active and passive range of motion. Data were analyzed using STATA software, employing a random-effects model and standardized mean differences (SMD) and odds ratios (OR) for outcome measures.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 13 studies were included. The combined approach significantly reduced pain (SMD = -0.891) with considerable heterogeneity (I² = 85.3%) and improved clinical effective rates (OR = 3.693, I² = 0%). Significant improvements were also observed in active and passive range of motion, with varying degrees of heterogeneity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The combination of acupuncture and physical therapy is more effective than physical therapy alone in managing pain, improving clinical effective rates, and enhancing range of motion in patients with frozen shoulder. These findings suggest that incorporating acupuncture into standard rehabilitation protocols could enhance patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19959,"journal":{"name":"Pain Management Nursing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141590979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Virtual Reality on Pain and Anxiety During Children's Circumcision: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Su-Ru Chen, Noyuri Yamaji, Chia-Hui Wang, Chieh-Hsin Pan, Yu-Lin Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.pmn.2024.06.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmn.2024.06.007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Circumcision-a common pediatric procedure-can cause significant pain and anxiety. Virtual reality has been proposed as a nonpharmacological intervention to alleviate these negative experiences.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the effects of virtual reality interventions on pain and anxiety in children undergoing circumcision.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study comprehensively searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library for articles published from database inception to October 2, 2023. Randomized controlled trials that investigated the effects of virtual reality interventions on pain and anxiety during circumcision in children were included. The Cochrane risk-of-bias tool was used to appraise the included studies. The primary outcomes were pain and anxiety scores.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three randomized controlled trials and four data sets involving a total of 224 children were included in our meta-analysis. Virtual reality interventions significantly reduced children's pain and anxiety scores.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Virtual reality interventions are promising nonpharmacological strategies for alleviating children's pain and anxiety during circumcision. Pediatric healthcare professionals use virtual reality interventions to create a child-friendly and healthy healthcare environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":19959,"journal":{"name":"Pain Management Nursing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141590978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soothing and Distress Behaviors of Infants, Parents, and Clinicians During Childhood Vaccinations","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.pmn.2024.05.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmn.2024.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>The purpose of this study was to describe the behaviors of infants who were born preterm, their parents, and clinicians during 2-, 6-, 12-, and 18-month vaccinations.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Vaccination sessions were video recorded for 3-5 minutes. The proportion of 5-second intervals in which distress and soothing behavior by infants, parents, and clinicians was coded using the Measure of Adult and Infant Soothing and Distress. Coding consisted of three phases: baseline/anticipatory (60 seconds prior to first needle), procedure (first needle to removal of final needle), and recovery (up to 180 seconds after removal of final needle).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 64 infants were included. Distress behavior by infants during the baseline phase ranged from 13% (12-month vaccinations) to 29% (2-month). There was limited anticipatory soothing behavior from parents (10% [12-month] to 50% [2-month]) and clinicians (6% [12-month] to 17% [2-month]). Distress behavior in infants during the procedure ranged from 43% (18-month) to 96% (2-month). There was limited soothing behavior during the procedure from parents (10% [12-month] to 81% [12-month]) and clinicians (13% [12-month] to 71% [2-month]). Few infants received additional pain-reducing interventions, including skin-to-skin contact, 24% oral sucrose, and topical anesthetic.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>Despite infant distress, there was limited anticipatory behavior from parents and clinicians. Two-month-old infants displayed the most distress across all time points yet received the least amount of treatment and proximal parent and clinician behavior. Additional implementation efforts are required to increase awareness and practice uptake among parents and clinicians to ensure infants receive equitable and effective pain management.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19959,"journal":{"name":"Pain Management Nursing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1524904224001632/pdfft?md5=06acbcb291ff33f52b13a4b61ee90f59&pid=1-s2.0-S1524904224001632-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141590980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Iranian Nurses' Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Complementary Therapies for Pain Management.","authors":"Mohammad-Amin Nasiri, Mohsen Adib-Hajbaghery, Fatemeh Derakhshan","doi":"10.1016/j.pmn.2024.06.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmn.2024.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Complementary therapies (CTs) are being increasingly used by people with health issues and recommended by their health care providers. Although there are numerous studies available that address nurses' knowledge and attitudes regarding pain management, there are few that include the use of CTs by nurses in Iran. Therefore, this study was conducted in selected areas of Iran to assess nurses' knowledge, attitudes, and current practice regarding the use of CTs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted on a random sample of 850 nurses from various regions of Iran between 2020 and 2022. A questionnaire was used that consisted of seven items addressing demographic characteristics, 15 items to assess knowledge, 25 items to address attitude and 22 items to address the practice of CTs in the area of pain relief. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The participants' mean age was 33.26 ± 7.24 years. Most nurses (89.9%) had not received formal education on CTs. However, 78.6% of nurses reported personal use of CTs, and 62.3% reported using or recommending it to their patients at least once. Regarding the knowledge of CTs, nurses scored 5.81 on a 15 points scale indicating a considerable gap in their knowledge of CTs. Regarding attitudes toward the specific therapies, nurses believed that massage is highly (46.4%) or moderately (31.6%) effective in pain relief. Regarding effectiveness, nurses ranked the following as the top four CTs: music therapy, humor, hydrotherapy, and use of cold / heat.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The nurses in this study scored low on knowledge of CTs, meaning that they knew little about CTs. However, they showed a favorable attitude toward CTs and a majority of them had a history of personal use, and recommending some types of CTs to their patients for pain relief. Therefore, it is crucial for nurse managers to provide opportunities to acquire knowledge of CTs. Moreover, nurse educators should advocate for updating nursing curricula to include CTs as an essential component of pain management education.</p>","PeriodicalId":19959,"journal":{"name":"Pain Management Nursing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141545153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of a Preoperative Patient-Controlled Analgesia Education Program Using Smart Learning in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Patients.","authors":"HwiKyung Kim, Hanna Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.pmn.2024.06.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmn.2024.06.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy develop severe postoperative pain, and this acute pain often becomes chronic.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study determines the effects of preoperative education on patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) through smart learning in patients using PCA after undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomies.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>We conducted a quasi-experimental study with a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>A total of 60 adult patients aged 20-65 years, admitted for laparoscopic cholecystectomy at a hospital in Korea, participated in a smart learning training program.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The concept of smart learning, which integrates learning content and solutions with the fourth industrial revolution using mobile devices such as smartphones and media tablets was applied in this study. This smart learning training program comprised three phases: (1) prebriefing, where patients accessed PCA knowledge via a program created by researchers and accessible using a mobile web device (e.g., smartphone or an iPad), with training covering pain characteristics, PCA effects, precautions, and usage methods; (2) simulation, where patients learned using PCA with a machine; (3) debriefing, where patients reviewed their knowledge and skills.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Comparing the pain between the experimental and control groups, the pain decreased significantly in both the experimental (Z = -4.40, p < .001) and control groups (Z = -4.41, p < .001), with no significant difference between groups (Z = -1.00, p = .319). Preoperative knowledge significantly increased in both the experimental (Z = -4.74, p < .001) and control groups (Z = -3.55, p < .001), with a significant difference between groups (Z = -6.05, p < .001). Total satisfaction with pain control was higher in the experimental group than in the control group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A structured educational program on PCA use is an effective nursing intervention. PCA educational programs using smart learning could help patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy understand postoperative pain, promote efficient PCA use, and enhance their satisfaction with pain control.</p>","PeriodicalId":19959,"journal":{"name":"Pain Management Nursing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141538356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Different Education Methods Before Invasive Urodynamics on Patients’ Anxiety, Pain, Readiness and Satisfaction Levels: Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.pmn.2024.05.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmn.2024.05.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Urodynamic<span> testing is an invasive procedure<span> that causes pain and anxiety. Patient education is an evidence-based nursing intervention that relieves pain and anxiety and increases patient satisfaction.</span></span></p></div><div><h3>Aims</h3><p>This study was carried out to compare the effects of different education methods utilized before a urodynamic testing procedure on patients’ pain, anxiety, readiness for the procedure, and satisfaction.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p><span>The study is a randomized controlled clinical trial. Participants (</span><em>n</em><span> = 80) were randomly assigned to four groups. While patients in the control group were provided with routine clinical information, patients in the intervention group were given education with brochures, videos, and brochure-supported videos. The research data were collected by using a Data Collection Form with items about participants’ descriptive characteristics, the Visual Analog Scale, and the State Anxiety Inventory.</span></p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>It was determined that pain expectation before urodynamics and the severity of pain during urodynamics were lower in intervention groups than in the control group. Pain expectation before urodynamics was lower in the brochure-supported video education group than in the brochure education group. Anxiety levels were lower and satisfaction levels were higher in the video education and brochure-supported video education groups than in the control and brochure education groups.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Of the methods utilized, it was determined that the most effective one was brochure-supported video education as it affected all parameters positively.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19959,"journal":{"name":"Pain Management Nursing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141538357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infiltrative Treatment of Morton's Neuroma: A Systematic Review.","authors":"María Oliva Millán-Silva, Pedro V Munuera-Martínez, Priscila Távara-Vidalón","doi":"10.1016/j.pmn.2024.06.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmn.2024.06.005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Morton's neuroma (MN) is one of the most frequent neurological pathologies in feet, affecting approximately 4% of the general population. The treatment of MN can be surgical, conservative, and infiltrative, with different substances used in the injections for MN, as steroids, sclerosing solutions, and others. This review aims to evaluate the efficacy of current infiltrative therapy for Morton's neuroma and, additionally, to define adverse effects of this therapy.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A literature search was performed in PubMed, Embase, CINHAL, Epistemonikos, Web of Science (WOS), SPORTSDiscus and Cochrane Library. This search involved the application of all types of infiltrative treatment applicable to MN. The search was limited to original data describing clinical outcomes and pain using the Visual Analogue pain Scale (VAS) or the Johnson Satisfaction Scale, between February and June 2023.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twelve manuscripts were selected (six randomized controlled trials and six longitudinal observational studies) involving 1,438 patients. Capsaicin was reported to produce a VAS score reduction of 51.8%. Corticosteroids also reported a high level of efficacy. Alcohol and Hyaluronic Acid injections are well tolerated, but the effects of their application need further research. There were no serious adverse events.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Corticosteroids, sclerosant injections, hyaluronic acid and capsaicin have been shown to be effective in reducing the pain related to MN.</p>","PeriodicalId":19959,"journal":{"name":"Pain Management Nursing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141492981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Video Streaming With Virtual Reality Glasses on on Pain Anxiety and Satisfaction Applied in Peripheral Intravenous Catheter Process.","authors":"Sevil Güler, Seda Şahan, Selçuk Öztürk","doi":"10.1016/j.pmn.2024.05.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmn.2024.05.009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Peripheral intravenous catheter (PIC) implementation is among the most frequent and highly invasive nursing initiatives. PIC leads to anxiety with procedural pain, causing individuals to reject these procedures or negatively affecting the process's success.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The study was conducted to determine the effect of virtual reality glasses (VRG) on pain, anxiety, and patient satisfaction during the peripheral intravenous catheter (PIC) process in adults.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>An experimental study.</p><p><strong>Settings: </strong>An emergency department of a university hospital.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Individuals who were admitted to the emergency unit of the university hospital were recruited between the data collection dates. Data from individuals' \"Patient Information Form,\" \"Visual Pain Scale,\" \"Visual Anxiety Scale,\" and \"Visual Satisfaction Scale\" were collected. \"VR-Box 3D Glasses\" was used as virtual reality glasses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In our study, when the pain point averages with VAS were compared during the PIC process, the pain score average of the patients in the control group was 5.78 ± 1.23 visual anxiety scale 5.89 ± 1.23 and patient satisfaction scale 3.86 ± 2.48, The visual pain score average of patients in the VRG group is 4.12 ± 2.16, visual anxiety scale 3.14 ± 1.76 and visual patient satisfaction scale 7.64 ± 3.26. In short, it has been detected that the pain, anxiety, and patient satisfaction score averages of patients in the VRG group are statistically significant compared to the pain score averages of patients in the control group (p < .005). Our study unearthed a statistically significant relationship at an average level of negative direction between PIC post-treatment pain, anxiety, and patient satisfaction (r = - 0.476).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Utilization of VRG has been detected to reduce pain and anxiety felt during the PIC process in adult patients and increase process satisfaction. VRG, a non-pharmacological, non-invasive, inexpensive, and feasible nursing initiative, may be recommended for use in pain and anxiety control in patients undergoing PIC treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":19959,"journal":{"name":"Pain Management Nursing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141492984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}