Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Clinical study on the combined use of cardiovascular agents and statins in the treatment of coronary heart disease.","authors":"Zhili Chen, Qianqian Zhang, Yue Zhang, Zhe Xu, Xiaozhe Yang","doi":"10.12669/pjms.42.9.16299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.42.9.16299","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the clinical efficacy of combining cardiovascular agents with statins in the treatment of coronary heart disease(CHD).</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>This was a retrospective study. A total of 110 patients diagnosed with CHD and treated at Shijiazhuang Eighth Hospital between January 2024 to December 2025 were enrolled and randomly divided into two groups (n=55 in each group). The control group received conventional therapy, including anticoagulation, coronary vasodilation, antiplatelet therapy, and treatments aimed at relieving myocardial ischemia. The treatment group received atorvastatin in addition to the conventional therapy administered to the control group. Clinical efficacy, lipid profiles, inflammatory markers, adverse reaction rates, and angina episodes were compared between the two groups following treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall response rate was 95% in the treatment group and 80% in the control group, with a statistically significant difference(p= 0.02). Post-treatment levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly lower in the treatment group than in the control group, while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were significantly higher (p= 0.00, respectively). Inflammatory markers, including interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, were also significantly reduced in the treatment group compared with the control group (p= 0.00). The adverse reaction rate was 13% in the treatment group and 15% in the control group, showing no statistically significant difference(p= 0.76).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The combination of cardiovascular agents with statins, particularly atorvastatin, demonstrates significant clinical benefits in the management of CHD. This regimen can effectively improve lipid metabolism, reduce systemic inflammation, and alleviate anginal symptoms, without increasing the risk of adverse events.</p>","PeriodicalId":19958,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"42 9","pages":"2422-2427"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13624433/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149113568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of Sequential Retraction of Maxillary Incisors on Anterior Gingival Biotypes.","authors":"Muhammad Ihtisham Munawar, Ambreen Afzal Ehsan, Hasnain Sakrani, Sadaf Siddiqui","doi":"10.12669/pjms.42.9.13330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.42.9.13330","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the effect of sequential retraction of maxillary incisors on the gingival biotypes.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>This cross-sectional was conducted in the Department of Orthodontics at Altamash Institute of Dental Medicine, Karachi. Duration of study was one year from June 2023 to July 2024. A total of 50 patients aged 18-30 years, diagnosed with Angle Class II Division 1 malocclusion and ANB > 4°, were included. Participants were categorized into two groups, thin (n=35) and thick (n=15) gingival biotypes. Gingival parameters were assessed before and after maxillary incisor retraction using a World Health Organization (WHO) probe also known as the Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN) probe. Quantitative data, the gingival height, probing depth, and gingival width, were assessed using the Shapiro-Wilk test. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS with level of significance set at p ≤ 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Average age of patients was 24.5 years, comprising 40% males and 60% females. Among them, 70% had a thin gingival biotype, and 30% had a thick biotype. Thin biotype patients had lower mean gingival thickness (0.88 mm) and width (3.2 mm) than thick biotype patients (1.25 mm and 3.5 mm, respectively). Probing depth and gingival recession were slightly higher in thin biotypes. THIn the thin biotype group, gingival thickness decreased by 0.06 mm, probing depth increased by 0.2 mm, gingival width reduced by 0.2 mm, and gingival recession rose by 0.2 mm. For the thick biotype, changes were less pronounced, with a decrease in gingival thickness by 0.03 mm, a slight increase in probing depth by 0.1 mm, a reduction in gingival width by 0.1 mm, and an increase in gingival recession by 0.1 mm. After sequential retraction of maxillary teeth patients with a thin biotype showed significant reductions in gingival thickness (p=0.03) and width (p=0.02) with an increase in probing depth (p=0.04) and gingival recession (p=0.01). In contrast, the thick biotype group demonstrated minimal and statistically insignificant changes in these parameters (p > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Patients with a thin biotype have increased risk of periodontal recession and reduction of gingival thickness while retraction of anterior teeth. Orthodontic treatments should consider appropriate measures to retract teeth keeping the biotype of gingiva in mind to preserve gingival health.</p>","PeriodicalId":19958,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"42 9","pages":"2324-2329"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13624467/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149113539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Skin concerns and treatment seeking trends among patients visiting aesthetic clinics in Lahore, Pakistan.","authors":"Muhammad Awais Arif, Shamsa Kanwal, Areesha Arif","doi":"10.12669/pjms.42.9.13943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.42.9.13943","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background & objective: </strong>The increasing demand for aesthetic services, combined with the lucrative nature of the aesthetic industry, has led many healthcare providers to enter this field. This led to the rapid expansion of aesthetic clinics worldwide. However, many of these establishments face early closures. The primary objective of this study was to identify the most prevalent skin concerns among patients visiting dermatology and aesthetic clinics. In addition, the study aims to analyze patients' treatment-seeking behavior and trends.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>This retrospective observational study was conducted in two branches of an aesthetic and dermatology clinic in Lahore, Pakistan, from June 2019 to December 2023, covering 6,189 patients. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 21, focusing on identifying patients' presenting complaints and demographic trends.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study revealed that almost half of the patients (45%) visited clinics related to pigmentation concerns, while acne-related concerns accounted for 27% of patient visits. Notably, only 4.5% of patients directly sought aesthetic services, including fillers and botulinum toxin injections. Pigmentation was the most frequently reported skin concern (45.2%), followed by scars (13.8%) and acne (12.8%). The majority patients were females (69%) aged 15-34 years and primarily presented with pigmentation and hirsutism, while males (31%) primarily sought treatments for acne, acne scars, and hair loss.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings of this study offer valuable insight into patient trends and treatment-seeking behavior within aesthetic practice. Unlike government or tertiary care hospital-based studies, this study uniquely reflects skin concerns in private dermatology and aesthetic clinics. We hypothesize that specialized dermatological qualifications may contribute to the success of private aesthetic practice; however, this hypothesis was not directly tested in the present study and warrants further investigation in future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":19958,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"42 9","pages":"2312-2317"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13624437/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149113543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glycaemic trends, trajectories and control during TB treatment and its association with TB treatment outcome among patients with TB-diabetes multimorbidity.","authors":"Maham Zahid, Mahmoud Danaee, Saima Aleem, Saima Afaq","doi":"10.12669/pjms.42.9.19455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.42.9.19455","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to examine longitudinal glycaemic patterns, including trends, trajectories, and control during TB treatment, and their association with treatment outcomes in patients with Tuberculosis (TB) diabetes multimorbidity.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>Analytical cross-sectional study was conducted, involving secondary analysis of an implementation study conducted at 13 Tuberculosis clinics in KPK and Punjab from June 2022 to June 2025. Random blood glucose (RBG) and glycated haemoglobin were measured at baseline, three months, and six months. Glycaemic trends, trajectories, and control status were reviewed, TB treatment outcomes were assessed at six months and associations were assessed using complete case and imputed datasets.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 251 participants, the mean age was 52.0±12.7 years and 60.6% (152/251) were males. Overall, 74.5% (187/251) achieved successful while 64 (25.5%) experienced unsuccessful TB treatment outcomes. TB treatment outcomes showed no significant association with RBG and HbA1c trends or trajectories in the complete case analysis (n=202) However, imputed dataset showed that the occurrence of unsuccessful outcome was higher as compared to successful outcome among those with uncontrolled RBG (96.9% vs 74.3%, p<0.001) and uncontrolled HbA1c (96.6% vs 67.9%, p<0.001), respectively. Binary logistic regression showed higher odds of experiencing unsuccessful outcome as compared to successful outcome due to uncontrolled RBG (OR=6.9; 95%CI: 1.8-27.7) and HbA1c (OR=9.0; 95%CI: 2.3-36.0).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Longitudinal glycaemic patterns showed that most patients with TB-diabetes multimorbidity had uncontrolled glycaemia during treatment, which may affect TB outcomes. Larger studies are needed to better understand these relationships.</p>","PeriodicalId":19958,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"42 9","pages":"2595-2602"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13624460/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149113448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Ethnic Herbal Medicine to Unani Traditions: Medicinal Plant Knowledge across Southwestern China and Northern Pakistan.","authors":"Gao Jian, Xu Ziheng, Qu Qiumei","doi":"10.12669/pjms.42.9.20097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.42.9.20097","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ethnic herbal medicine originated from the medical knowledge accumulated by ethnic groups in their struggle against disease and harsh environments; the history of each ethnic group's development through long-term coexistence and competition with nature is, in itself, a history of medicine. In northern Pakistan, herbal plants thrive and are readily available, and medicinal plants exhibit an exceptionally rich biodiversity. Yunnan's unique natural environment and biodiversity have fostered a wealth of ethnic medicine and cultural resources, making it a treasure trove of global medicine and culture. There is significant potential for cooperation between Yunnan's border ethnic regions and northern Pakistan in areas such as pharmaceutical research and development, joint construction of pharmaceutical plants, training of medical professionals, and the exchange of medicinal plant cultivation techniques. This topic was chosen to explore the similarities and cultural significance of traditional medicinal plant knowledge between the ethnic herbal medicine systems of Southwestern China and the Unani medical traditions of Northern Pakistan.</p>","PeriodicalId":19958,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"42 9","pages":"2469-2473"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13624432/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149113451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An exploration of the concept and practice of patient-centered care in medical education in Pakistan.","authors":"Afifa Tabassum, Usman Mahboob, Syeda Kauser Ali","doi":"10.12669/pjms.42.9.13838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.42.9.13838","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To explore current understanding of patient centered care (PCC), its teaching and assessment practices and perceived factors influencing PCC learning in undergraduate and postgraduate medical education within a traditional cultural context.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>An exploratory qualitative descriptive study was conducted from January to September 2024 in public sector hospitals in different provinces of Pakistan. Data was collected through focus group discussions with interns and residents of medicine, surgery and pediatrics selected through purposive sampling. Actor Network Theory informed data analysis and thematic analysis done using Braun and Clarke method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Six focus groups were held with 33 participants in total. Four main themes and 14 subthemes emerged from analysis: Comprehending Patient-Centered Care, Teaching and Learning Practices, Influencing Factors, and Practice Implications. The central point highlighted was treating the patient as a whole, involving them in their care and giving consideration to personal values and preferences. Some PCC skills identified were technical expertise, communication skills, professionalism and understanding patient's culture. Current teaching practices were theoretical with limited practical training with insufficient assessment. Curriculum, Faculty, Service, Personal and Patient-related factors were recognized as influencing factors.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides insights into learners' perspectives and current teaching and assessment of patient-centered care within Pakistani context. The study highlights that to achieve the goal of trained workforce, changes in teaching and assessment practices, curriculum design and policy development at both institutional and national level are required while taking into account the sociocultural context. Addressing these factors could enhance preparation of future healthcare professionals to deliver holistic, patient-centered care.</p>","PeriodicalId":19958,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"42 9","pages":"2344-2351"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13624483/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149113459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of a Novel homozygous Splice-Site Deletion in <i>KCTD7</i> Gene Associated with Progressive Myoclonic Epilepsy.","authors":"Shatha Alharazy, Peter Natesan Pushparaj, Rose Jelani, Fehmida Bibi, Osama Yousef Muthaffar, Muhammad Imran Naseer","doi":"10.12669/pjms.42.9.16091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.42.9.16091","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To study the Progressive myoclonic epilepsies (PME) that is genetic disorders resulting from mutations in different genes, all characterized by the early onset of myoclonic seizures, and cognitive decline. The Potassium Channel Tetramerization Domain Containing seven (<i>KCTD7)</i> gene encodes for the BRC (broad complex), ttk (tramtrack), and bab/pox virus, and zinc finger domain, containing KCTD7 protein.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>The study was done in the Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine and Research (CEGMR). The affected patient, a three-year-old Saudi female born to consanguineous parents, she underwent laboratory tests, EEG assessments, and Whole-Exome Sequencing (WES).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our results showed a novel five base pair deletion that was detected in homozygous state in the <i>KCTD7</i> gene. Both the unaffected parents showed heterozygous mutation of the <i>KCTD7</i> gene. Segregation analysis via Sanger sequencing supported the existence of the homozygous splice donor variant in NM_153033.4:c.493+2_493+6delTGA of <i>KCTD7</i> gene in the patient.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The mutation is not reported in the literature yet; the particular phenotype that was observed in our patient is comparable to the ones that are described in the <i>KCTD7</i> related pathologies, combined with segregation analysis indicating both parents carried the variant heterogeneously present is a strong indication that the identified mutation consists of probably pathogenic mutation. This finding will further increase our insight of the genetic basis of PMEs and role of <i>KCTD7</i> gene mutations in Saudi population.</p>","PeriodicalId":19958,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"42 9","pages":"2336-2343"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13624457/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149113478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interlocking intramedullary nailing versus compression plating in the treatment of humeral fractures: Analysis of shoulder functional recovery, complication rates, and risk factors for reoperation.","authors":"Dingtao Li, Zhanshan Zhang, Qiang Wang","doi":"10.12669/pjms.42.9.14108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.42.9.14108","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To explore the effects and reoperation risks of interlocking intramedullary nailing(IMN) versus compression plating for the treatment of humeral fractures.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>This was a retrospective study. Sixty patients with humeral fractures admitted to Baoding Forensic Hospital between November 2022 to November 2024 were enrolled as the study subjects. Information about surgical parameters (duration of operation [DoO], intraoperative blood loss[IBL]), postoperative shoulder function recovery, complications rates, and risk factors for reoperation were collected. Patients were divided into two major groups, receiving interlocking IMN (observation cohort, n=30) and compression plating (control cohort, n=30). t-test and chi-square test are used to compare the differences between two groups..</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The observation group had a shorter DoO and less IBL than the control group (P<0.05). The observation group showed faster recovery of shoulder joint function at three and six months after surgery than control cohort (P<0.05). Complications rates in the observation group was lower than in the control cohort (P<0.05). Results showed that there were statistically significant differences in DoO, fracture type, osteoporosis, surgical approach, and postoperative complications between the non-reoperation group and the reoperation group (P<0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>After internal fixation with interlocking intramedullary nail for humeral fracture, shoulder joint function recovers faster, operation related indicators are better, complication rate and reoperation risk factors are lower.</p>","PeriodicalId":19958,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"42 9","pages":"2410-2415"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13624441/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149113463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceived Stress, TikTok Addiction, Self-esteem, and academic performance among university students in Saudi Arabia: A structural path analysis.","authors":"Manal Almalki","doi":"10.12669/pjms.42.9.15026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.42.9.15026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background & objectives: </strong>TikTok is widely used among university students in Saudi Arabia, raising concerns about its potential role as a maladaptive coping strategy. Limited research has examined how perceived stress, TikTok addiction, and self-esteem jointly influence academic performance within the General Strain Theory (GST) framework. This study investigated the direct and indirect relationships between perceived stress and academic performance, with TikTok addiction and self-esteem as mediating variables.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted among 400 university students in Saudi Arabia between October and December 2024. Participants completed an online questionnaire that included demographic data, the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), and TikTok Addiction Scale (TTAS). Academic performance was measured using self-reported cumulative grade point average (GPA). After psychometric evaluation of the study instruments, structural path analysis was performed to examine direct and indirect relationships among the study variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants reported using TikTok for an average of 3.4 hours per day, and 75.3% used TikTok primarily for entertainment. Perceived stress was negatively associated with academic performance (β = -0.12, p < 0.05) and self-esteem (β = -0.11, p < 0.05), while positively associated with TikTok addiction (β = 0.30, p < 0.01). TikTok addiction was negatively associated with academic performance (β = -0.20, p < 0.01), whereas self-esteem was positively associated with academic performance (β = 0.17, p < 0.01). Significant indirect effects were observed through TikTok addiction (β = -0.06, p < 0.01), self-esteem (β = -0.02, p < 0.05), and the sequential pathway involving both mediators (β = -0.01, p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings support GST by highlighting that perceived stress influences academic performance through both behavioral and psychological mechanisms. Interventions targeting stress management, healthier TikTok use, and self-esteem enhancement may help improve academic outcomes among university students.</p>","PeriodicalId":19958,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"42 9","pages":"2276-2283"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13624461/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149112964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of clinical and heart rate variability parameters associated with single-vessel and multivessel coronary artery disease: A retrospective study.","authors":"Mingfang Zhu, Sixin Xie, Gang Lv, Xiang Zhang, Ding Peng","doi":"10.12669/pjms.42.9.20249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.42.9.20249","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To compare heart rate variability (HRV) parameters and cardiac biomarkers between patients with single-vessel and multivessel coronary artery disease (CAD) and assess their associations with multivessel involvement.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>This retrospective study included 196 patients with angiographically confirmed CAD admitted between September 2022 and May 2025 at Ningguo People's Hospital. Patients were classified as having single-vessel (n=55) or multivessel (n=141) disease. Group differences were assessed, and logistic regression was used to examine associations of SDNN, deceleration capacity (DC), high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-TnT), and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) with multivessel disease. Restricted cubic spline analysis explored potential nonlinear relationships.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The multivessel group had lower SDNN, SDANN, SDNN index, and DC and higher hs-TnT and NT-proBNP levels than the single-vessel group (all P<0.05). After adjustment for age, sex, hypertension, and diabetes, higher SDNN was associated with lower odds of multivessel disease (OR=0.68, 95% CI: 0.49-0.94), whereas higher hs-TnT (OR=2.43, 95% CI: 1.35-4.37) and NT-proBNP (OR=3.51, 95% CI: 1.28-9.62) were associated with higher odds. DC was not significantly associated with multivessel disease. Spline analyses suggested possible nonlinear patterns for SDNN and DC, but these findings were exploratory.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Lower SDNN and higher hs-TnT and NT-proBNP were associated with multivessel CAD. The hs-TnT finding should be interpreted in the context of myocardial injury burden and limited control of confounding.</p>","PeriodicalId":19958,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"42 9","pages":"2213-2220"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13624442/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149113449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}