Scholars Academic Journal of Biosciences最新文献

{"title":"Influence of Fire on Floristic Diversity and Herbaceous Production in the Ollombo Savannahs in the Republic of Congo","authors":"Bitissi Mpassi,L. O, Y. J, Bokatola Moyikola, C, Matoumouene Goma, A. M, A. O","doi":"10.36347/sajb.2023.v11i11.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36347/sajb.2023.v11i11.003","url":null,"abstract":"The Loudetia simplex (Nees) C.E. Hubb. savanna and the Hyparrhenia diplandra (Hack.) Stapf savanna are the main savannas in the Ollombo area of the Republic of Congo. The functioning of these savannas is influenced by the different types of fire. The aim of this study is to assess the influence of fire on the floristic diversity and herbaceous production of the savannahs in the Ollombo area. The floristic inventory and phytomass measurements were carried out at the peak of vegetation before the fires and at 2 and 10 months after the fires. The floristic inventory was carried out using the aligned quadrat points method. The data from this inventory were used to calculate diversity indices, including the Shannon-Weaver index (H'). Above-ground herbaceous phytomass was assessed using the harvesting method. The results show that floristic diversity and herbaceous above-ground phytomass vary from one type of fire to another and from one type of savannah to another. In the Loudetia simplex (Nees) C.E. Hubb. savannah, seasonal fire (H'=2.69) and late fire (H'=2.43) appear to favour floristic diversity at 2 and 10 months after burning, respectively. In the Hyparrhenia diplandra (Hack.) Stapf savannah, on the other hand, only early fire seems to favour floristic diversity two months (H'=2.7) and 10 months (H'=2.4) after burning. In terms of herbaceous above-ground phytomass, seasonal fire (0.82 ±0.07 t DM/ha) and early fire (6.49 ±1.06 t DM/ha) appear to increase herbaceous production at 2 and 10 months after burning, respectively, in the Loudetia simplex Nees C.E. Hubb. savannah. On the other hand, late burning (0.88 ±0.07 t DM/ha) and early burning (6.98 ±1.01 t DM/ha) appear to increase herbaceous production at 2 and 10 months respectively in the savannah with Hyparrhenia diplandra (Hack.) Stapf. These results could serve as a scientific basis for the sustainable management of pastures by fire and as a benchmark for future studies.","PeriodicalId":199401,"journal":{"name":"Scholars Academic Journal of Biosciences","volume":"29 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139264818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial Screening of the Solvent Extracts of Marchantia polymorpha against Some Pathogenic Strains","authors":"K. P. Lakshmi, G. Rao","doi":"10.36347/sajb.2023.v11i11.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36347/sajb.2023.v11i11.002","url":null,"abstract":"Marchantia polymorpha is a shade loving species of bryophytes prefers to grow in low temperature and moderate humidity, where presence of thick forest canopy. Marchania polymorpha used in tribal regions for several medicinal applications. Based on its importance, this species is evaluated for antimicrobial activity against four bacterial stains such as Bacillus subtilis and Streptococcus mutans (Gram positive), Klebsiella pneumonia and Salmonella enterica (Gram negative) and two fungal pathogens such as Candida albicans, Rhizopus oryzae) by Agar Well Diffusion method. Plant extracts were obtained successfully with hexane, chloroform, methanol and water using Soxhlet extraction apparatus. Results of this study reveal that methanol extracts of M. polymorpha thallus showed the significant antimicrobial activity against all bacterial and fungal pathogens. These studies on bryophyte species indicated that the presence of active constituents which can be exploited for the production of novel drugs for the benefit of the humanity.","PeriodicalId":199401,"journal":{"name":"Scholars Academic Journal of Biosciences","volume":"200 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139270443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Complicated Trichotillomania of a Trichobezoar about a Clinical Case","authors":"Z. El Maataoui, H. Belhadga, H. Kisra","doi":"10.36347/sajb.2023.v11i11.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36347/sajb.2023.v11i11.001","url":null,"abstract":"Trichotillomania refers to a repetitive behavior which consists of pulling out one's own hair, sometimes to the point of depilation of entire areas of the scalp, resulting in obvious alopecia. People with trichotillomania may play with and/or ingest the pulled hairs; This is trichophagia. The prevalence of this disorder is difficult to estimate, varying depending on the authors and the criteria used in the studies. This disorder is quite common and affects, according to studies, approximately 1 to 2% of the population, preferably women, children and adolescents. We illustrate a clinic for trichotillomania, associated with trichophagia, through the case of a 7-year-old girl. She had consulted a pediatrician and dermatologist previously and was treated as a case of alopecia areata because a mother would conceal her history due to the stigma attached. Due to severe abdominal pain she was referred to a surgeon where detailed examinations revealed the trichobezoar, caused by hair agglomeration linked to repeated hair pulling and ingestion behaviors. The initial management of the disorder is surgical, before referral to child psychiatry. Overall, various psychosocial factors that precipitate and perpetuate the pathology of trichotillomania must be taken into consideration and treated appropriately. The importance and severity of the medical complications of trichotillomania should not be underestimated. Awareness of the disorder as well as greater interdepartmental collaboration would help in early diagnosis and appropriate management.","PeriodicalId":199401,"journal":{"name":"Scholars Academic Journal of Biosciences","volume":"65 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135545802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antifungal Activity of Solanum Anguivi Lam (Solanaceae) on Candida Albicans","authors":"Ouattara Sitapha, Kporou Kouassi Elisée, Kra Adou Koffi Mathieu, Appia Franck Hermann Desire, YAPO Adou Francis, Djaman Allico Joseph","doi":"10.36347/sajb.2023.v11i10.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36347/sajb.2023.v11i10.009","url":null,"abstract":"In Ivory Coast, as elsewhere in Africa, Solanum anguivi Lam (or Solanum distichum) is generally used in traditional medicine to treat bacterial and fungal infections. Given the importance of this plant, the 70%, 80% and 100% extracts of fresh and dried fruits were evaluated on the in vitro growth of Candida albicans. Antifungal tests were carried out by plating 1000 cells of each isolate on Sabouraud agar medium, using the double dilution method in inclined tubes. Both extracts were active on the different strains tested, according to a dose-response relationship based on the principle of the method used. Extracts from fresh fruit showed good activity on C. albicans.","PeriodicalId":199401,"journal":{"name":"Scholars Academic Journal of Biosciences","volume":"24 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136317862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autism Spectrum Disorder and Role of the Inflammatory Theory: A Case Report","authors":"Z. El Maataoui, H. Belhadga, H. Kisra","doi":"10.36347/sajb.2023.v11i10.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36347/sajb.2023.v11i10.007","url":null,"abstract":"In this case study, an 8-year-old child from a consanguineous marriage with a complicated pregnancy due to maternal preeclampsia and a normal delivery experienced developmental delays, language problems, social challenges, and other autism spectrum disorder (ASD) symptoms. The child underwent various diagnostic tests, including the M-CHAT, ADI, and ADOS, which all supported an ASD diagnosis. Despite receiving psychomotor, speech, and ABA therapy, the child showed gradual improvement in language skills but continued to exhibit behavioral issues such as irritability, anger outbursts, and sleep disturbances. After experiencing a febrile episode with tonsillitis, followed by knee pain, walking difficulties, chest pain, and shortness of breath, the child was diagnosed with acute rheumatic fever and received corticosteroid therapy, resulting in significant clinical improvement in language, facial expressions, social interactions, and a renewed ASD assessment. The discussion focuses on the potential environmental factors contributing to ASD, emphasizing the role of shared environmental factors in twin studies and genetic factors. The study explores the inflammatory response as a possible common pathway for ASD development, particularly in cases where preeclampsia during pregnancy and its associated inflammation affect the mother and, subsequently, the placenta or fetus. Abnormal angiogenesis and elevated levels of soluble tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt-1) are discussed as potential factors contributing to fetal neurodevelopmental abnormalities. The text also highlights the role of corticosteroid therapy in improving ASD symptoms, with references to previous studies showing positive responses to corticosteroid treatment in ASD patients. The impact of medications like prednisone and pregnenolone on ASD symptoms and their mechanisms of action, including potential modulation of GABA A receptors, is mentioned. In conclusion, the case study suggests a potential link between ........","PeriodicalId":199401,"journal":{"name":"Scholars Academic Journal of Biosciences","volume":"58 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135321586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calcification of the Pineal Gland and Psychopathology in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in Children and Adolescents: A Clinical Case Study","authors":"Z. El Maataoui, H. Belhadga, H. Kisra","doi":"10.36347/sajb.2023.v11i10.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36347/sajb.2023.v11i10.008","url":null,"abstract":"While it is generally believed that they result from the interaction of genetic and environmental factors, some cases of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) can be attributed to specific neurological etiologies. Hence, the interest of this article, which discusses the case of a 13-year-old child, who has been experiencing sleep disturbances since early childhood and is seeking treatment for an obsessive syndrome with severe symptoms and a poor therapeutic response. An assessment revealed the presence of pineal gland calcification. Despite the patient being placed on a suitable treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder, their symptoms only improved after the addition of melatonin, resulting in a significant enhancement in both their sleep and obsessive-compulsive symptoms on the Yale-Brown Scale. Thus, this article highlights the role of the pineal gland in melatonin secretion and also discusses the role of this hormone in the occurrence of mental disorders as well as its therapeutic attributes in psychiatry.","PeriodicalId":199401,"journal":{"name":"Scholars Academic Journal of Biosciences","volume":"62 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135321591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neonatal Outcome with Magnesium Sulphate and Fentanyl as Adjuvants for Epidural Labour Analgesia: A Prospective Comparative Study","authors":"Md. Abdur Rahim, Mohammad Mahabubuzzaman, Marufa Khatun, Marufa Khatun, Md. Humayun Kabir, Md. Akkasur Rahman, Abdullah Mohammad Saddam, Humaiun Kabir","doi":"10.36347/sajb.2023.v11i10.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36347/sajb.2023.v11i10.006","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The pain of childbirth is arguably the most severe pain most women endure in their lifetime. Since pain relief in labor has always been surrounded by myths and controversies, providing effective and safe analgesia during labor has remained an ongoing challenge. Neuraxial techniques are accepted as the gold standard for intrapartum labor analgesia. The study aimed to determine the neonatal outcome with magnesium sulfate and fentanyl as adjuvant for epidural labor analgesia. Methods: This prospective comparative study was conducted at the Department of Anaesthesia, Analgesia, Palliative and Intensive Care Medicine in collaboration with the obstetric department, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka.Bangladesh. The study was carried out from October 2020 to March 2021. A total of 60 patients were assigned by computer-generated random table to one group (Group A) and another group (Group B). Group-A (n=30): Group-A received Fentanyl 25 micrograms as adjuvant to bupivacaine (0.5% plain bupivacaine 2.5 ml+25 microgram of fentanyl 0.005% 0.5 ml + 7 ml normal saline=10 ml) via epidural catheter. Group B received MgSO4 50 mg as an adjuvant to bupivacaine (0.5% plain bupivacaine 2.5 ml + 50 mg of MgSO4 10% 0.5 ml +7 ml normal saline=10 ml) via epidural catheter. Data were statistically described in terms of mean ± standard deviation (±SD), or frequencies (number of cases) and percentages when appropriate. Comparison of numerical variables between the study groups was done using the Student t-test for independent samples. For comparing categorical data, a Chi-square (x2) test was performed. P values of less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. F-value was determined by the Repeated measured ANOVA test where data were repeated more than one time. All statistical calculations were done using the computer program SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Science; SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) version 22 for Microsoft Windows. Informed written consent ......","PeriodicalId":199401,"journal":{"name":"Scholars Academic Journal of Biosciences","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135889163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on Coronary Artery Dimensions in Normal Adult Bangladeshis","authors":"Abeeda Nowrin Reza, Abeeda Tasnim Reza, A. H. Abedur Reza, Samsur Rahman, Rezowana Naznin","doi":"10.36347/sajb.2023.v11i10.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36347/sajb.2023.v11i10.005","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The heart is supplied by the two coronary arteries and their branches. Coronary computed tomography angiography is a cardiac imaging test that helps to determine coronary artery disease. The detailed anatomical knowledge of coronary arteries is essential for proper diagnosis and management of heart diseases. There is no published article available on morphometric analysis of normal coronary arteries by computed tomography angiogram in adult Bangladeshi people. Morphometry of the coronary arteries will provide useful baseline data to almost all the sectors of the medical science. Methods: A Cross-sectional, analytical study was conducted on 35 adult male and 35 adult female Bangladeshi people in Department of Anatomy, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, from January, 2017 to December, 2017. After obtaining the images of coronary CT angiogram, different dimensions of coronary arteries were measured by using a computer software program followed by statistical analysis. Results: The mean diameter of the left main coronary artery (LMCA) and left anterior descending artery (LAD), and the mean length of the right coronary artery (RCA), LMCA, and LAD were significantly higher in men than women (p < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) between men and women in the mean diameter of the RCA, or the mean diameter and mean length of the left circumflex artery (LCX). Conclusion: The study findings suggest that morphometric measurements of coronary arteries show variations among adult Bangladeshi male and female.","PeriodicalId":199401,"journal":{"name":"Scholars Academic Journal of Biosciences","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136038256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Pathogenic Enterobacteria in Market Garden Produce Grown in the Peri-Urban Area of Abidjan, Ivory Coast","authors":"Wognin Affou Séraphin, Ouattara Mohamed Baguy, Traoré Gnamien Sylvain, Assi Clair- Brice, Koffi Rose Nevry","doi":"10.36347/sajb.2023.v11i10.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36347/sajb.2023.v11i10.004","url":null,"abstract":"This study, which is a contribution to national health surveillance of pathogens, was conducted to determine the prevalence of pathogenic Enterobacteriaceae in the market garden environment of Abidjan. To this end, samples of lettuce, irrigation water, manure and soil were taken from three (03) major market gardening sites in Abidjan. Microbiological analyses of these samples were carried out. The enterobacteria obtained after isolation were identified. The results revealed ten (10) bacterial genera belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family, including 15 bacterial species in the samples of lettuce, irrigation water, manure and soil analysed. These included Salmonella enterica with serotypes (Salmonella Gallinarum, Salmonella Arizonae, Salmonella Choleraesus), Salmonella spp, Escherichia coli, Shigella boydii, Shigella sonnei, Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter gergoviae, Enterobacter agglomerans, Serratia marcesens, Serratia phymutica, Afnia alvei, Citrobacter freuidii Citrobacter diversus, Providencia alcalifasciens, Proteus vulgaris and Yersinia spp. The presence of these pathogenic Enterobacteriaceae indicates a potential risk associated with the consumption of lettuce produced in Abidjan. The Ivorian authorities should take preventive measures, such as educating market gardeners about the harmful effects of contaminated water used to irrigate vegetables, and the use of animal droppings as fertiliser to fertilise the soil, to avoid the future proliferation of infectious diseases such as typhoid fever and bacillary dysentery among the population of Abidjan.","PeriodicalId":199401,"journal":{"name":"Scholars Academic Journal of Biosciences","volume":"143 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135146906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Floristic Analysis of the Classified Forest of Gorou Bassounga (Gaya) and the Total Wildlife Reserve of Tamou and their Conservation Values","authors":"Mounkaila Soumaila, Rabiou Habou, Morou Boube, Djima Idrissou Tahirou (IM), Mahamane Ali, Saadou Mahamane","doi":"10.36347/sajb.2023.v11i10.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36347/sajb.2023.v11i10.003","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study is to make a comparative floral analysis of two sites (Classified forest of Gorou Bassounga and Tamou) and the conservation value for biodiversity of each site. The floristic survey of the vegetation has been done base on a random laminated plot of 1000 m². Sixthy four (64) species were inventoried at both sites level. 47 species, 37 kinds and 18 families were identified in Gorou Bassounga. Fabaceae constitutes the most important family with 16 species followed by Combretaceae 6 species and Rubiaceae 5. On the other hand, at Tamou 44 counted species are distributed in 31 kinds (genres) and 17 families. Fabaceae constitutes the most represented family with 11especies followed by Combretaceae 8 species, Rubiaceae and Anarcardiaceae with 4 species each. The statistical analysis of the data shows similarity and dissimilarités existing between sites spite of their floral poverty. Conclusion and application: The floral richness of Gorou Bassounga (Gaya) is higher than that of Tamou. The study also allowed to determine the status (dominance, rarity or endangered) of each species. The value of conservation for the sites was estimated. This study can be a tool for management planning for both site.","PeriodicalId":199401,"journal":{"name":"Scholars Academic Journal of Biosciences","volume":"165 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135302620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}