Scholars Academic Journal of Biosciences最新文献

{"title":"Inventory and Dynamics of Fish Landings from Small-Scale Maritime Fisheries at the Fishing Port of the San-Pédro’s Port (South-West, Côte d'Ivoire)","authors":"Allouko Jean-Renaud, Aliko N’guessan Gustave, Kressou Armand, Lago Wapeguy Alain Christ, Bony Kotchi Yves","doi":"10.36347/sajb.2023.v11i10.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36347/sajb.2023.v11i10.002","url":null,"abstract":"Knowledge of the fish fauna in Ivorian waters is of concern to both scientists and those responsible for developing the fishing industry. Indeed, the increasing intensification of the exploitation of fishery resources is raising real risks of regression and disappearance of certain species. With this in mind, a survey of fishing activities was carried out in the fishing port of San-Pédro between July and December 2021. The aim of this study was to take stock of the dynamics of fish landings from small-scale fishing in this fishing port. Sampling of landed fish was carried out between 08:00 and 12:00 in the morning in two campaigns according to the two seasons that prevail in the region, by visual differentiation in plastic containers followed by counting. Identification was carried out using the appropriate keys. The conservation status and vulnerability of the various specimens were determined according to IUCN criteria version 2023. The inventory showed that a total of 55 species of fish from 32 families and 14 orders were landed during the two study periods. These catches were dominated by the order Perciformes, which was the most diverse (56.36% of species) and the most preponderant (61.29% of individuals). Oceanodromous species dominated the catches during the long rainy season. On the other hand, benthic species were the most common during the long dry season. Thunnus albacares was the most abundant during the long dry season, while Sardinella aurita (26.8%) dominated during the long rainy season. The analysis of conservation status and vulnerability showed that 18 species of fish landed were of biological interest for conservation. The presence of endangered species such as Rhinobatos cemiculus means that fishermen need to be made more aware of the problem and their catches need to be monitored more closely in order to protect them.","PeriodicalId":199401,"journal":{"name":"Scholars Academic Journal of Biosciences","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135483751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anticandidosis activity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Harungana madagascariensis, Zanthoxylum leprieurii and Xylopia aethiopica","authors":"Ahon Gnamien Marcel, Ouattara Sitapha, Kporou Kouassi Elisée, Akakpo Akue Moevi Joel, Tiemoko Kouassi Marcellin, Kra Adou Koffi Mathieu, Djaman Allico Joseph","doi":"10.36347/sajb.2023.v11i10.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36347/sajb.2023.v11i10.001","url":null,"abstract":"Some ailments have been cured either by the use of plant parts or by mixing different plant parts (recipes). It is with this in mind that this study originated, focusing on the valorization of plants from the African pharmacopoeia. Thus, the activity of single extracts and aqueous and hydroalcoholic mixtures of the bark and leaves of Harungana madagascariensis, the bark of Zanthoxylum leprieurii and the fruit of Xylopia aethiopica was evaluated on the in vitro growth of Candida strains (Candida albicans 18650 and Candida albicans 18792 and Candida glabrata). Antifungal tests were carried out by plating 1,000 cells of each fungal germ on Sabouraud agar medium using the double dilution slant tube method. Deth70% extract inhibited the growth of Candida albicans 18650 and Candida albicans 18792 at an FMC value of 25 mg/mL, and Candida glabrata at an FMC value of 50 mg/mL. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of chemical compounds such as polyphenols, flavonoids, saponosides, gallic and catechic tannins and the absence of sterols.","PeriodicalId":199401,"journal":{"name":"Scholars Academic Journal of Biosciences","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135483320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial Screening of the Solvent Extracts of Halophytic Plant Suaeda maritima (L.) Demort. Against Selected Pathogens","authors":"K. Prasanna Lakshmi, G. M. Narasimha Rao","doi":"10.36347/sajb.2023.v11i09.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36347/sajb.2023.v11i09.005","url":null,"abstract":"The antimicrobial activity of leaf and stem extracts of halophytic plant Suaeda maritima (L.) Demort. against, some plant and human pathogens. Plant parts of S. maritima were collected from the mangrove habitats of Pandi and Pora regions of Godavari estuary, near Amalapuram, Andhra Pradesh, India. Plant parts are dried and extracts were obtained successfully with hexane, chloroform, methanol and water, using Soxhlet extraction apparatus. The antimicrobial activity of the plant extracts on various test organisms including multiple antibiotic resistant bacteria were investigated by Well Diffusion Method under in vitro conditions. The plant extracts have shown promising antimicrobial activity against all tested organisms. Among the four extracts, water extract of S. maritima showed appreciable antimicrobial activity against all bacterial and fungal strains. It reveals that halophytic plant has antimicrobial compounds which can act against microorganisms and they can also be used in the treatment of infectious diseases caused by resistant pathogenic microorganisms.","PeriodicalId":199401,"journal":{"name":"Scholars Academic Journal of Biosciences","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135428383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of a Baobab Powder Diet on Growth and Digestive Balance in Growing Rats","authors":"Kouamé Hermann Yéboué, Fatogoma Etienne Silué, Kouao Augustin Amonkan, Efoé Simeon Atouloukou, Brou André Konan","doi":"10.36347/sajb.2023.v11i09.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36347/sajb.2023.v11i09.004","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The fight against malnutrition (over- and undernutrition) requires knowledge of the fruits we eat. Baobab is a fruit from the north of Côte d'Ivoire whose consumption can help improve nutrition. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the chemical composition of baobab pulp and evaluate its nutritional impact after consumption in growing rats. Methodology: To achieve this objective, the physicochemical parameters and macronutrient contents of baobab flour were determined. Then, 3 batches of 5 rats were fed separately with three diets: RFB (baobab pulp), RM (baobab pulp + cornstarch) and RFM (cornstarch). Regular weighing was carried out to determine growth and digestibility parameters. Results: At the end of the work, it was found that baobab pulp is an acidic food (pH = 3.2), composed mainly of carbohydrates (92.47), mainly energy. It has a high starch content (56.34), a high sugar content (21.37), hence its sweet taste; with a considerable fiber content (7.82), in terms of dry matter (DM). Baobab flour contains very low levels of protein (2.08) and lipids (0.37). From a nutritional point of view, the baobab pulp diet (RFB) does not promote rat growth, and therefore the utilization of dietary protein. In addition, the RFB diet results in negative digestibility of dietary proteins and very low digestibility of the dry matter in the food consumed. On the other hand, rat growth and the digestibility of dietary protein and dry matter increased with the reduction (RM) or elimination (RFM) of baobab flour from the diet. Conclusion: Ultimately, these results enable us to assess the nutritional quality of baobab flour. Its consumption, which does not promote weight gain despite its high carbohydrate content, can therefore be used in the fight against obesity.","PeriodicalId":199401,"journal":{"name":"Scholars Academic Journal of Biosciences","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136011046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Study on IFN-γ and IL-10 Gene Expression Changes in Gallus gallus Embryo Infected with Staphylococcus aureus and Its Possible Alteration by Bakreshwar Hot Spring Water","authors":"Swagata Das, Debasmita Chatterjee, Banhishikha Singh, Krishnendu Paira, Satadal Das","doi":"10.36347/sajb.2023.v11i09.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36347/sajb.2023.v11i09.003","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Hot springs have been used for medicinal purpose since ancient times. Bathing in the hot springs is effective in treating skin infections, arthritis etc. Bakreshwar, located in Birbhum district of West Bengal is known for its ten hot springs of varying temperature (35°C-71°C). These hot springs have relatively high sulphur content and are believed to heal skin infections. Aim: To study whether Bakreshwar hot spring water can effectively act on Gallus gallus embryo infected with Staphylococcus aureus. Methodology: Fourteen days old embryonated eggs were inoculated with freshly prepared suspension of Staphylococcus aureus. The hot spring water, collected from Agnikund(65°C), was used to check whether it can cure the bacterial infection effectively. Following harvesting morbid anatomy study was done followed by allantoic fluid collection, RNA was extracted and cDNA was synthesized. This cDNA was then used to study the cytokine gene expression changes. Result: By comparing cytokine gene expression in control and curative sets, it was observed that there were improvements in general appearances of the embryos and IL-10 and IFN-γ expressions were enhanced in bacterial control set whereas in the curative set the gene expressions were much less. Conclusion: It is thus inferred that hot spring water has curing effect in Staphylococcus aureus infection and is also capable of normalizing the cytokine balance in such infection.","PeriodicalId":199401,"journal":{"name":"Scholars Academic Journal of Biosciences","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136025895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic Variability, Heritability and Genetic Advance in Oleaginous Gourd Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl","authors":"Yao Kouakou Abessika Georges, Gbotto Ahou Anique, Anzara Gnigouan Kadio Guy Roland, Kouame Koffi Kévin, Akaffou Doffou Sélastique, Zoro Bi Irié Arsène","doi":"10.36347/sajb.2023.v11i09.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36347/sajb.2023.v11i09.001","url":null,"abstract":"The present investigation was carried out to estimate phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variation, heritability and genetic advance as percent of mean in F2 generation for seeds yield of Lagenaria siceraria and its components in three crosses NI283 x NI215, NI354 x NI215 and NI106 x NI215. For each family, involving six diverses parents on two locations, Abidjan and Manfla. The experimental layout was a randomized completed block design with three replications. The phenotypic coefficients of variation are higher than those of genotypic coefficients of variation in Abidjan and Manfla. That indicated the influence of environment in the expression of all characters. For fruit weight and number of seeds, average values recorded for genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation are all high in crosses made in two localities. High heritability with high genetic advance as percent of mean observed in majority of crosses indicates high degree of additive genes effect implies less control by environment on these traits. For 100-seed weigh high to moderate range of heritability in conjunction with high genetic advance as percent of mean was observed for this trait which indicates the preponderance of additive gene action governing the inheritance of this character and offers the best possibility of improvement through simple selection procedure. For seeds yield or seed weight, the values of the phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variation are moderate and low respectively in the two localities. Moderate heritability estimate coupled with moderate genetic advance as percentage mean indicated the role of non additive genetic variance in their expression. A significant difference was recorded for all traits, indicating the presence of high degree of variability in the genotypes studied that suggesting the possibility of improving yield through selection for these traits.","PeriodicalId":199401,"journal":{"name":"Scholars Academic Journal of Biosciences","volume":"368 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136193906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Evaluation of the Efficacy of the TDF+3TC+EFV Therapeutic Regimen in the Treatment of HIV-1 Patients","authors":"Babacar Faye, Mame Diarra Bousso Lam, Ismaïl Barkiré, Micailou Magassouba, Hameth Sarr, Aissatou Ngom, Alioune Dièye","doi":"10.36347/sajb.2023.v11i09.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36347/sajb.2023.v11i09.002","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has played an important role in the response to HIV infection and has significantly reduced morbidity and mortality worldwide. It allows control of plasma viral load (CV) to an undetectable level CV<50 copies/ml, an indicator of successful treatment. Assessing the effectiveness of ART makes it possible to make recommendations to limit failures in the treatment of HIV. Thus, the objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of the TDF+3TC+EFV therapeutic regimen in the treatment of HIV-1 infection. Materials and methods: This is a retrospective study of the treatment of HIV-1 seropositive patients, at the Molecular Biology Laboratory of HMO in Dakar, Senegal, from 2014 to 2021. The main criterion for evaluating the effectiveness of the treatment was the proportion of patients whose viral load value was undetectable (CV<50 copies/ml) according to the duration of ART. Plasma viral load tests were performed on Abbott Real Time HIV-1® (m2000sp/rt) and COBAS®AmpliPrep/COBAS®TaqMan®(Roche) version 2.0. Variables with p<0.05 were considered statistically significant for all comparisons between groups. Results: Of a cohort of 2,704 HIV+ patients, 2,078 met the inclusion criteria and 626 were excluded due to death, transfer or loss to follow-up. The median age was 38 years, women represented 71% patients. At 6 months of treatment, viral suppression was achieved in 8.9% of men and 6.5% of women (P=0.04) and it was significantly greater in young patients aged 0 to 25 years, 11.4% of patients. 79% of women and 75.2% of men had an undetectable viral load at 12 months of ART (P=0.01). Significantly the suppression was better in men in the first 6 months of treatment, they had more virological success, while women responded better to treatment for a duration of 12 months (P=0.01). At the end of the 18-month study period, 85.5% of patients had a suppressed viral load, 5.3% had a decrease in viral load levels and 7.2% of patients had ...","PeriodicalId":199401,"journal":{"name":"Scholars Academic Journal of Biosciences","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136193904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of Endophytic Trichoderma harzianum to Alleviate the Adverse Impact of Chromium in Lupinus albus L","authors":"M. Al-Deeb, A. Hashem","doi":"10.36347/sajb.2023.v11i08.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36347/sajb.2023.v11i08.003","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was conducted to understand the role of interactive usage of Trichoderma harzianum to alleviate the adverse impact of chromium (Cr) stress for sustainable production of the legume plants (Lupinus albus L.) with special reference to physiological mechanism. The exogenous application of T. harzianum significantly enhanced seed germination and plant growth, along with all physiological and biochemical attributes examined in lupin plant. The germination percentage of lupin seeds treated with conidia suspension of T. harzianum was 100% with 37% increase as compared to the control. T. harzianum inoculation increased seedling height (41.3%) and root length (75.6%). Treatment of T. harzianum also resulted in significant enhancement in the photosynthetic attributes like chlorophyll pigment synthesis (13.75% increase as compares to the control), reflecting a significant enhancement in the net photosynthetic rate. Results of our study demonstrated that L. albus have improved tolerance to inhibitory concentrations of Cr when inoculated with T. harzianum. So, we suggest the application of T. harzianum, which could be used to improve the quality and yield of lupin (L. albus) plants in Cr-contaminated areas and in fertile soils.","PeriodicalId":199401,"journal":{"name":"Scholars Academic Journal of Biosciences","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129473819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Algal Diversity in Paddy fields of Subbavaram Mandal, Visakhapatnam District, Andhra Pradesh","authors":"K. Ambika, N. Babu, G. M. N. Rao","doi":"10.36347/sajb.2023.v11i08.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36347/sajb.2023.v11i08.002","url":null,"abstract":"Data on algal diversity and composition was collected for one season in the paddy fields of Subbavaram Mandal during the year 2019. In Subbavaram Mandal paddy was cultivated for one time in a year only due to unavailability of water. Water samples were collected randomly from different villages of this Mandal. A total of 28 species were reported from the paddy fields of the study sites and belongs to Chlorophyceae (16), Bacillariophyceae (5), Cyanophyceae (3).","PeriodicalId":199401,"journal":{"name":"Scholars Academic Journal of Biosciences","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127850061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Studies on Seasonality of Marine Algae at Appikonda, Visakhapatnam District, East Coast of India","authors":"G. M. N. Rao, Prasanna Lakshmi K, R. R. Sree","doi":"10.36347/sajb.2023.v11i08.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36347/sajb.2023.v11i08.001","url":null,"abstract":"Seasonal studies on marine macro algae present along the coastal regions of Appikonda near Steel plant of Visakhapatnam was studied for a period one year during 2017 to 2018. Quadrant studies were conducted for three seasons such as winter, summer and monsoon, identified 24 macro algal forms in all three seasons of the year. Maximum number of species were recorded during winter season and minimum number of species were recorded in summer season during period of the investigation. Species of Ulva, Caulerpa, Cladophora, Chaetomorpha, Spongomorpha, Gracilaria, Gratelophia, Amphiroa, Jania, Gelidiopsis and Gelidium were present in all seasons along the intertidal habitats of the study area.","PeriodicalId":199401,"journal":{"name":"Scholars Academic Journal of Biosciences","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115181866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}