Pediatric Pulmonology最新文献

{"title":"A Systematic Review of Transbronchial Lung Cryobiopsy for Pediatric Interstitial Lung Diseases.","authors":"Vikram Damaraju, Sravanthi Vutukuru, Gayathri Gandrakota, Adimulam Ganga Ravindra, Dirk Schramm","doi":"10.1002/ppul.71060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ppul.71060","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Surgical lung biopsy (SLB) is the standard for diagnosing pediatric interstitial lung diseases (ILDs). However, transbronchial lung cryobiopsy (TBLC) is emerging as a less invasive alternative. We aim to systematically review the efficacy and safety of TBLC in pediatric ILDs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PubMed and Embase databases were searched from inception to December 7, 2023, for TBLC studies in pediatric ILDs. Data on demographics, diagnoses, procedure details, histopathology, diagnostic yield, and complications were collected.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We retrieved 2093 citations and included 61 patients (age [range] 12 days to 17 years) from eight studies. Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, sarcoidosis, and non-specific interstitial pneumonia were the common clinico-radiological diagnoses. Rigid bronchoscopy (median size, 6.5 [range, 3.5-11] mm) was used as a conduit in 46% of subjects. The median (range) outer diameter and channel diameter of the flexible bronchoscope were 4.2 (2.8-6.2) mm and 2 (1.2-2.2) mm, respectively. The median (range) size of the cryoprobe used was 1.9 (1.1-2.4) mm, and the median (range) of biopsies per patient was 3 (1-5). TBLC's diagnostic yield was 91.8% (95% CI [82.2 to 96.4]), and the rate of major complications (moderate to severe bleeding, pneumothorax requiring intercostal chest tube drainage, exacerbation of ILD, care escalation, or death) was 6.5% (n = 4).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>TBLC offers a high diagnostic yield comparable to SLB while being less invasive. However, this systematic review is limited by small sample size, non-standardized protocols, and lack of comparative trials. Further studies are needed to establish TBLC as a viable alternative to SLB in pediatric ILDs.</p>","PeriodicalId":19932,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Pulmonology","volume":"60 3","pages":"e71060"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143658043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pulmonary Hydatid Cyst Rupture: A Pediatric Emergency.","authors":"Nikhil Rajvanshi, Varunkumar Maddileti, Aswanth Ks, Anurupa Popuri, Ravi Kumar Mooli","doi":"10.1002/ppul.71011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ppul.71011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19932,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Pulmonology","volume":"60 3","pages":"e71011"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143605736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chest X-Ray Features of Drug Resistance Tuberculosis in Pediatric Population; A Prospective Study in High-Endemic Area.","authors":"Sarika Gupta, Harshika Khanna, Vidushi Gupta, Naba Kumar Barman, Anit Parihar, Surya Kant","doi":"10.1002/ppul.71039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ppul.71039","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To identify chest X-ray (CXR) characteristic of Pediatric pulmonary drug-resistant tuberculosis (DRTB) in comparison to drug sensitive tuberculosis (DSTB) for early identification and treatment of DRTB.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a prospective cross-sectional study in which CXR patterns of DS and DR patients aged 1 month to 18 years were categorized into different variants including pleural effusion, cavity lesion, hilar or mediastinal lymph node (LN), consolidation, pneumothorax, pericardial effusion, miliary TB, nodular shadow, and collapse. The consensus between the pulmonary physician and radiologist was measured using weighted kappa test. Adjusted logistic regression analysis was used to identify DRTB suggestive CXR pattern.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From June 1, 2022 to May 31, 2023, 237 pulmonary TB subjects were recruited. Out of 175 DSTB subjects, 47 were below the age of 12 and 128 were above the age of 12. 62 were microbiologically confirmed DRTB where 12 were below the age of 12 and 50 were above the age of 12. Cavitary TB lesions (p = 0.001) and Consolidation (p = 0.003) were found significant in DR patients. Adjusting for age, gender, socioeconomic status DRTB was associated with cavity lesion (OR = 2.62; 95% CI = 1.39-4.93; p = 0.001) and consolidation (OR = 2.29; 95% CI = 1.27-4.14; p = 0.003).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We conclude that presence of cavitary lesion or consolidation in \"presumptive\" or \"probable\" DRTB patients should alert pediatricians. Our findings suggest that these DR suggestive CXR pattern can guide for early start of therapy while awaiting microbiological report.</p>","PeriodicalId":19932,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Pulmonology","volume":"60 3","pages":"e71039"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143606146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Joint Conversation: People With Cystic Fibrosis' Perception of Healthcare Teams' Knowledge, Comfort, and Barriers in Discussing Substance Use.","authors":"Sanaz Vaziri, Meghan E McGarry, Addison A Cuneo, Shaina M Willen, Kensho Iwanaga, Fatima Neemuchwala, Elizabeth R Gibb, Marilynn Chan, Ngoc P Ly","doi":"10.1002/ppul.71017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ppul.71017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Substance use has increased among people with CF (pwCF), yet communication about use remains understudied between pwCF and their healthcare providers.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Investigate pwCF's perceptions regarding their healthcare team's discussions surrounding substance use, comfort level discussing such usage, and barriers encountered during these discussions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study used a one-time electronic survey to assess communication regarding substance use between pwCF aged 13 years and older and their CF healthcare team.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 226 participants, 74% (n = 167) reported being asked about marijuana, 57% (n = 128) about CBD, 70% (n = 150) about e-cigarettes, and 88% (n = 189) about cigarettes by their CF healthcare team. Fewer providers discussed the risks and benefits of each substance: 47% (n = 107) for marijuana, 40% (n = 90) for CBD, 44% (n = 99) for e-cigarettes, and 61% (n = 138) for cigarettes. Provider knowledge was rated higher for cigarettes and e-cigarettes compared to marijuana and CBD. Most participants felt comfortable discussing substance use, though a minority expressed discomfort, mainly due to concerns about documentation in medical records and perceived lack of support.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights variability in communication between pwCF and their healthcare teams regarding substance use, particularly when it comes to marijuana and CBD. The findings suggest a need for standardized guidelines and educational resources to improve recreational substance screening and discussion in CF clinical care, especially given the changing landscape of marijuana regulations and increasing use among pwCF.</p>","PeriodicalId":19932,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Pulmonology","volume":"60 3","pages":"e71017"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143524108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Standardized Process for Pediatric Pulmonary Fellowship Recruitment.","authors":"Jonathan D Cogen, Laura E Ellington, Becca Smith, Demet Toprak, Michelle Sobremonte-King, Amy Dettori, Stephen R Reeves, Weston T Powell, Ronald L Gibson, Theresa A Laguna","doi":"10.1002/ppul.71032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ppul.71032","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19932,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Pulmonology","volume":"60 3","pages":"e71032"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143573641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Therapeutic Antibiotic Exposure on the Oropharyngeal and Fecal Microbiota in Infants With Cystic Fibrosis.","authors":"Hillary S Hayden, Maria T Nelson, Sydney E Ross, Adrian J Verster, Drake C Bouzek, Alex Eng, Adam Waalkes, Kelsi Penewit, Benjamin T Kopp, Christopher Siracusa, Michael J Rock, Stephen J Salipante, Lucas R Hoffman, Don B Sanders","doi":"10.1002/ppul.71024","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ppul.71024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Systemic antibiotics can impact all microbes inhabiting patients, regardless of the intended target organism(s). We studied the simultaneous effects on respiratory and fecal microbiomes of β-lactam antibiotics administered for respiratory symptoms in infants with cystic fibrosis (IWCF).</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare the magnitude and duration of intended (respiratory) and unintended (fecal) antimicrobial action by analyzing oropharyngeal (OP) and fecal microbiota in IWCF.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Shotgun metagenomic sequencing and qPCR were performed on OP and fecal samples collected longitudinally from 14 IWCF (ages 1-17 months) during (\"On Antibiotics\") and after (\"Off Antibiotics\") β-lactam therapy, and from 5 IWCF (3-16 months) never treated with antibiotics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Total bacterial loads (TBL) for On Antibiotics samples were lower than for both Never (OP and fecal) and Off Antibiotics samples (fecal only). α-diversities (within-sample) for OP On Antibiotics samples were lower than for Never and Off Antibiotics samples but did not differ between fecal sample groups. β-diversity (between-sample) differed between all OP sample groups and between fecal On and Never Antibiotics and Off and Never antibiotics samples; however, fecal On and Off Antibiotics sample β-diversities did not differ. Patterns of change in antibiotic resistance gene abundances reflected shifts in microbial community composition.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>β-lactam antibiotic exposure was followed by marked alterations in both OP and fecal microbiota. While microbiota appeared to rebound after treatment in both sample types, our results suggest that fecal microbiota recovered less than OP. The clinical consequences of these findings should be studied in IWCF and other populations frequently treated with antibiotics.</p>","PeriodicalId":19932,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Pulmonology","volume":"60 3","pages":"e71024"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11881217/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143557598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Striving for healthy lungs: Enhancing respiratory outcomes of prematurity.","authors":"Amir Kugelman","doi":"10.1002/ppul.27309","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ppul.27309","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Infants born prematurely are born in a critical developmental time period and because of arrest of lung maturation at that period their pulmonary functions are below the normal for their age. Early lung development has a lifelong effect on respiratory health and disease. Can we affect that sequence of events and change the outcome of chronic lung disease of prematurity?</p>","PeriodicalId":19932,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Pulmonology","volume":" ","pages":"S68-S69"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142351758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The bidirectional interplay of obstructive sleep apnea and viral respiratory infections in children: A novel opportunity for primary prevention.","authors":"Gustavo Nino, Elizabeth Chorvinsky, Surajit Bhattacharya, Maria J Gutierrez","doi":"10.1002/ppul.27314","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ppul.27314","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and viral respiratory infections are highly prevalent conditions in children and a major cause of respiratory morbidity in this age group. Severe viral respiratory infections are a known risk factor for pediatric OSA, which is primarily caused by hypertrophy of upper airway lymphoid tissues (adenoids and tonsils). This review examines recent progress in understanding early-life development of lymphoid tissues in the human upper airway, with a particular focus on how respiratory viruses may influence this process and contribute to OSA pathogenesis. It also explores the bidirectional relationship between OSA and severe viral infections, highlighting the need for ongoing monitoring and novel primary prevention strategies to address these interconnected conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":19932,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Pulmonology","volume":" ","pages":"S70-S72"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142372516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Childhood Tuberculosis-Advances in Treatment and Prevention.","authors":"Sandra Kwarteng Owusu","doi":"10.1002/ppul.27375","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ppul.27375","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tuberculosis (TB) in childhood presents a substantial global burden with nearly two million episodes of disease in children and adolescents annually. The majority of children who die from TB never receive appropriate treatment. Advancements in childhood TB treatments have been slow and there are many challenges with TB treatment in children. However, recently, there have been renewed efforts toward better options for TB treatment in children. The shortened duration of treatment (4 months) in nonsevere TB and an all-oral treatment for multidrug-resistant TB are major landmarks in childhood TB treatment. Although BCG remains the only vaccine for TB prevention, there are candidate vaccines that target infants and adolescents.</p>","PeriodicalId":19932,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Pulmonology","volume":" ","pages":"S104-S105"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142953065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Building a global community in pediatric pulmonology-insights from the INSPiRED Congress.","authors":"Eitan Kerem, Renato T Stein","doi":"10.1002/ppul.27315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ppul.27315","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19932,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Pulmonology","volume":"60 Suppl 1 ","pages":"S7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143656877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}