Pediatric Pulmonology最新文献

{"title":"Development of a Simplified Arabic Questionnaire of Health-Related Quality of Life for Children With Cystic Fibrosis.","authors":"Heba A Ali, Neven S Baiome, Yasmin A Salem","doi":"10.1002/ppul.71332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ppul.71332","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The measurement of the quality of life (QoL) of cystic fibrosis (CF) children in the Arabic world is of substantial importance. However, the relative lack of disease-specific Arabic QoL questionnaires may represent a major challenge.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To develop a simple questionnaire that could be used for assessing and monitoring the level of QoL in CF children, particularly in Arabic-speaking populations.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>This was a cross-sectional study involving 50 children and adolescent patients with CF and their caregivers who completed 2 self-administered questionnaires on health-related quality of life (HRQOL); the Arabic simplified CF Questionnaire-Child version for children aged more than 8 years, and the Parent version for children aged from 2 to 8 years. The psychometric properties of the questionnaires were evaluated. Children's data and clinical severity scoring were also collected.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The CF QoL questionnaires (child and parent versions) exhibited good internal consistency and reliability, with Cronbach's α values being (α = 0.91, 0.871). Item-item and item-total correlation analyses showed adequate construct validity (0.31-0.86) and (0.277-0.682). Furthermore, patients aged 2-8 years scored significantly better than those aged more than 8 years for the total HRQOL score (p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The simplified CF QoL questionnaires are reliable and valid measures of HRQOL for CF children, especially in Arabic-speaking populations. The younger children with CF showed satisfactory health-related QoL levels compared to the older ones. These findings support the important role of a careful psychological assessment of CF children as a part of monitoring the disease progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":19932,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Pulmonology","volume":"60 10","pages":"e71332"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145346580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Objectively Monitored Sleep in School-Age Children With Cystic Fibrosis and Their Parents.","authors":"Andrea L Fidler, Casey Lawless, James Peugh, Dean W Beebe, Silvia Delgado, Robin S Everhart, David A Fedele","doi":"10.1002/ppul.71325","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ppul.71325","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19932,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Pulmonology","volume":"60 10","pages":"e71325"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12522017/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145293167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can We Enhance Long Term Respiratory Outcomes of Neonatal Pulmonary Diseases?","authors":"Amir Kugelman","doi":"10.1002/ppul.71341","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ppul.71341","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Infants born prematurely and infants born with neonatal pulmonary diseases are at risk for long term abnormal lung functions. In this review we will discuss efforts to enhance long term respiratory outcomes in premature infants, including the use of tracheostomy in those with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). We will further discuss long term respiratory abnormalities in newborns with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), representing infants with lung hypoplasia.</p>","PeriodicalId":19932,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Pulmonology","volume":"60 10","pages":"e71341"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12547489/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145346577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Postexercise Airway Responses by Spirometry and Oscillometry in Nonathlete and Athlete Adolescents.","authors":"Karin Ersson, Kjell Alving, Margareta Emtner, Christer Janson, Henrik Johansson, Andrei Malinovschi","doi":"10.1002/ppul.71296","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ppul.71296","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) is common among adolescents and athletes. While typically assessed with spirometry, oscillometry may offer complementary insights. This cross-sectional study examined how fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and symptoms relate to postexercise airway responses assessed via spirometry and oscillometry, and whether these associations differ between nonathletes and athletes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Subsamples from two adolescent cohorts (N = 241; 143 nonathletes, 98 athletes) completed questionnaires, FeNO measurements, and an EIB test using spirometry, by change in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (∆FEV₁), and oscillometry, by change in resistance and reactance at 5 Hz (∆R₅, ∆X₅). Correlations were assessed using Spearman's rank; logistic regression evaluated associations between elevated FeNO and EIB; linear regression explored links between symptoms and postexercise airway responses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>EIB was detected in 70 participants via spirometry (∆FEV₁ ≤ -10%), 81 via oscillometry (∆R₅ ≥ 25%), and 37 by both. Among nonathletes, FeNO was weakly correlated with ∆FEV₁ (r_s = -0.17, p = 0.04), ∆R₅ (0.35, p < 0.001), and ∆X₅ (-0.25, p = 0.005). Elevated FeNO (> 20 parts per billion) was associated with EIB by ∆FEV₁ (aOR 2.54, 95% CI: 1.05-6.12) and ∆R₅ (aOR 3.05, 95% CI: 1.18-7.9). Respiratory symptoms also related to postexercise airway responses in nonathletes. In contrast, no such associations were observed in athletes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In nonathletes, elevated FeNO and symptoms can indicate who needs EIB testing. These indicators were less predictive in athletes, emphasizing the value of objective assessment. Oscillometry was complementary to spirometry to assess EIB and a combination of methods might be more informative.</p>","PeriodicalId":19932,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Pulmonology","volume":"60 9","pages":"e71296"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12445329/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145081292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elexacaftor/Tezacaftor/Ivacaftor Effect on Bone Density and Body Composition: A Retrospective Analysis.","authors":"Susanne Ursula Trost, Tasma Harindhanavudhi, Qi Wang, Anvitha Ankireddypalli, Azmi Simrah, Sreekant Avula, Amir Moheet","doi":"10.1002/ppul.71280","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ppul.71280","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The approval of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator modulators elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (ETI), has significantly improved pulmonary function for people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF). However, the effects on CF-related bone disease and body composition remain unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective real-world study examined adults with CF who received ETI treatment. Bone density and body composition were measured via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) 1.8 (SD 0.7) years before (preDXA) and 1.5 (SD 0.4) years after ETI initiation (postDXA1). In a subgroup, measurements were also available 4 (SD 0.6) years after initiation (postDXA2).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 74 pwCF, of whom 42% were female, with an average age of 38.9 (SD 9.3) years at ETI initiation. Bone density decreased significantly at the spine (p = 0.02), left hip (p < 0.01), and right hip (p < 0.01) from pre- to postDXA1. No significant change in bone density was observed when comparing postDXA1 to postDXA2. Body composition analysis revealed significant increases in weight in both females (p < 0.01) and males (p < 0.01), as well as increases in fat mass in females (p < 0.01) and males (p < 0.01), without significant changes in lean mass (p = 0.4).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Bone density declined significantly during the study period, with the most pronounced decline occurring in the first 1.5 years after ETI initiation. However, this decline appeared to stabilize in participants with longer follow-up at 4 years post-ETI treatment, suggesting potential bone-protective effects with prolonged therapy. Body weight and fat mass increased early after ETI initiation, suggesting metabolic changes accompanying CFTR modulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19932,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Pulmonology","volume":"60 9","pages":"e71280"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12418912/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145023968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co-Occurrence of Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Hydatid Disease in a Single Patient: Highlighting the Dual Burden in Resource-Limited Settings.","authors":"Noelle van der Walt, Pierre Goussard, Lisa Frigati, Shyam Venkatakrishna, Savvas Andronikou, Andre Gie A, Carmen Jacobs, Jacques Janson, Pawel Schubert","doi":"10.1002/ppul.71305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ppul.71305","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19932,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Pulmonology","volume":"60 9","pages":"e71305"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145131928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pancreatic Cancer in Cystic Fibrosis: Is the Incidence Increasing?","authors":"Riley Markham, Brittany A Wright, Tahuanty Pena","doi":"10.1002/ppul.71283","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ppul.71283","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19932,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Pulmonology","volume":"60 9","pages":"e71283"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12439320/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145023923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Race and Ethnicity on Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia 1-Year Mortality.","authors":"Stephanie M Tsoi, Kayla L Karvonen, Martina A Steurer, Roberta L Keller","doi":"10.1002/ppul.71294","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ppul.71294","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate disparities in 1-year mortality in infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) by maternal race/ethnicity in a US population-based dataset, and to quantify mediation effects of socioeconomic status (SES) and maternal and neonatal medical factors.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>We identified infants with CDH from the US Natality Database (2014-2019) that links birth and death certificates to 1-year of age. Primary outcome was 1-year mortality. Primary predictor was maternal race/ethnicity. Candidate mediators (SES [defined by maternal education level and public insurance status] and neonatal and maternal factors) were assessed using structural equation modeling.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 2589 infants with CDH, 1-year mortality was 28.4% (n = 734). Infant mortality differed by maternal race/ethnicity: Non-Hispanic White 25.5%, Black 39.1%, Hispanic 31.2%. Mortality differences persisted in multivariate analysis. Mediation analyses showed that SES accounted for 54.1% (20.4-68.6%) of the disparity between infants of Non-Hispanic White and Hispanic mothers. In contrast, SES accounted for only 17.1% (3.6-37.4%) of the disparity between infants of Non-Hispanic White and Black mothers, while the unmeasured remaining effect of race/ethnicity contributed 75.9% (49.5-91.1%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In CDH, SES accounts for a large proportion of the mortality disparity for infants of Hispanic mothers while the remaining effect of race, aside from SES and neonatal factors, accounts for a large proportion of the mortality disparity for infants of Black mothers. The remaining effect of maternal race may be due to unmeasured aspects of SES, such as social determinants of health, and structural and systemic racism and bias.</p>","PeriodicalId":19932,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Pulmonology","volume":"60 9","pages":"e71294"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12424093/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145033928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conservative Management of Non-Tension Pneumothorax Following Drainage of Pleural Empyema.","authors":"John Saganty, Will D Carroll, Francis J Gilchrist","doi":"10.1002/ppul.71264","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ppul.71264","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pleural empyema is a recognized complication of pneumonia and causes significant morbidity in children. Insertion of a small-bore chest drain shortens hospital admission but can be associated with pneumothorax. This is usually assumed to be caused by a bronchopleural fistula or a displaced drain and therefore under pressure, requiring surgical intervention. We describe two children who developed a pneumothorax after a large empyema was drained. Both children were clinically stable and the pneumothorax was not under pressure. They were managed conservatively with complete resolution after 3-6 months. By highlighting these cases, we hope to stop other children undergoing unnecessary surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":19932,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Pulmonology","volume":"60 9","pages":"e71264"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145023920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Causal Association Between Oral Microbiome Abundance and Asthma Risk Using Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization.","authors":"Huagui Han, Lingwen Zhang, Yawei Wu, Qiuyun Ye, Xingjun Cai","doi":"10.1002/ppul.71301","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ppul.71301","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Asthma is influenced by genetic and environmental factors, and emerging evidence suggests that the oral microbiome may play a role in its pathogenesis. This study aimed to explore the causal association between oral microbiome abundance and asthma risk using a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We utilized genome-wide association studies (GWAS) data comprising 56,167 asthma cases and 408,442 controls of European ancestry, alongside 610 individuals from the Danish ADDITION-PRO cohort for oral microbiome analysis. We selected 267 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) linked to salivary microbiota as instrumental variables (IVs) with an F-statistic > 10. MR analyses were carried out using inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger, weighted median, and weighted mode methods, complemented by sensitivity analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our findings revealed a significant association between specific salivary microbiota and asthma risk. Notably, increased abundance of Genus Rothia was positively associated with asthma risk (IVW: OR = 1.03), while an unspecified Streptococcus species showed a negative correlation (IVW: OR = 0.97). Sensitivity analyses confirmed these results' robustness, with no signs of pleiotropy or significant heterogeneity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study suggests a causal relationship between specific oral microbiota and asthma risk, emphasizing the oral microbiome's potential significance in asthma pathogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":19932,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Pulmonology","volume":"60 9","pages":"e71301"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145070128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}