Pain Research & Management最新文献

{"title":"Home-Based, Remotely Supervised Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Improves the Overall Pain Experience of Older Adults With Knee Osteoarthritis.","authors":"Chiyoung Lee, Juyoung Park, C Kent Kwoh, Mindy Fain, Lindsey Park, Hyochol Ahn","doi":"10.1155/prm/1783171","DOIUrl":"10.1155/prm/1783171","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> Chronic pain in knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a multidimensional phenomenon requiring thorough assessment and appropriate treatment. We assessed the impact of home-based, remotely supervised transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on the overall pain experience of older adults with knee OA by simultaneously examining its effects on multiple pain domains-pain intensity, pain interference, and pain catastrophizing-using multigroup latent transition analysis (LTA). <b>Methods:</b> This secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial involved 120 participants with knee OA pain, randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive 15 daily sessions of 2-mA tDCS or sham tDCS (20 min per session) over three weeks, with real-time remote supervision. Pain intensity was measured using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) and the pain subscale of the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis (WOMAC) Index. Pain interference was measured using the WOMAC functional scale. Pain catastrophizing was assessed using the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS). All the measures were assessed at baseline and at the end of each week (weeks 1, 2, and 3), after the participants had completed five tDCS sessions per week. Multigroup LTA enabled the simultaneous measurement of multiple pain domains and analysis of their changes as a function of intervention exposure by modeling the transition probabilities of latent classes and comparing these changes between the groups. <b>Results:</b> Based on the NRS, WOMAC, and PCS scores, three latent categories were identified: \"high pain (all scores high),\" \"moderate pain (all scores moderate),\" and \"low pain (all scores low).\" Active group participants with \"moderate pain\" at baseline had a 24.2% probability of transitioning to \"low pain\" after Week 1, whereas sham group participants remained stagnant during this interval. Notably, 37.6% of active group participants with \"high pain\" at Week 1 transitioned to \"moderate pain,\" while 35.8% of those with \"moderate pain\" at Week 1 transitioned to \"low pain\" by Week 2 (after an additional five sessions). Nevertheless, no noticeable changes were observed in the sham group during this period. No pronounced intervention effects were noted by Week 3. <b>Conclusions:</b> Simultaneously modeling pain-related measures enriches our understanding of the efficacy of tDCS in improving the overall pain experience among older adults with knee OA. <b>Trial Registration:</b> ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04016272.</p>","PeriodicalId":19913,"journal":{"name":"Pain Research & Management","volume":"2025 ","pages":"1783171"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11876529/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143557573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of EX-B8 Acupressure on Labor Pain: A Randomized, Single-Blind, Sham-Controlled Trial.","authors":"Hannaned Azadeh, Reza Heshmat, Malihe Nasiri, Fatemeh Azarkish, Sedigheh Sedigh Mobarakabadi","doi":"10.1155/prm/7873155","DOIUrl":"10.1155/prm/7873155","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Context:</b> Intense, uncontrolled pain during labor can have negative outcomes for both the mother and the baby, but this can be prevented by utilizing pain-relieving techniques. Childbirth is a natural physiological process, and it is important to prioritize non-pharmacological methods such as acupressure in managing the associated pain. <b>Objective:</b> The present research aims to determine the effects of acupressure on the eighth point of the extra-back meridian (EX-B8) for pain relief during childbirth in primiparous women. <b>Design:</b> This study was a randomized, single-blind, sham-controlled trial. <b>Setting:</b> This study was conducted at Shahid Rasulullah Hospital in Nikshahr, Sistan and Baluchistan Province, Iran. <b>Patients or Other Participants:</b> Ninety primiparous mothers in the active phase of the first stage of labor were selected and randomly divided into three groups: acupressure on EX-B8 (<i>n</i> = 30), sham (<i>n</i> = 30), and control group (<i>n</i> = 30). <b>Intervention(s):</b> The acupressure and sham groups received acupressure for 20 min during their uterine contractions at three different time points: when cervical dilatation was at 4-5 cm, 6-7 cm, and 8-10 cm, totaling 60 min. The control group received routine labor care. <b>Main Outcome Measure(s):</b> Pain intensity was assessed using a Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) before, 10 min after, and 20 min after the start of the intervention at three different time points. <b>Results:</b> Pain intensity was significantly lower in the EX-B8 acupressure group compared to the sham and control groups at all three time points of the intervention (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In the EX-B8 group, the greatest amount of pain relief was achieved during dilatation of 8-10 cm, compared to dilatations of 4-5 and 6-7 cm (<i>p</i>=0.0001). Maternal and neonatal outcomes did not differ significantly between the three groups (<i>p</i> > 0.05). <b>Conclusion:</b> The current study found that applying acupressure on EX-B8 effectively reduced pain during labor. Acupressure on this point can be recommended as an effective, low-cost, and accessible pain-relieving technique, especially at the end of the active phase of the first stage of labor. Further studies are needed to determine why acupressure on this point is more effective at the end of the active phase of labor. <b>Trial Registration:</b> Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials: IRCT20211108053006N1.</p>","PeriodicalId":19913,"journal":{"name":"Pain Research & Management","volume":"2025 ","pages":"7873155"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11876523/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143557579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Pain Coping Strategies on Perceived Social Support and Acceptance of Pain in Elderly Individuals With Chronic Pain.","authors":"Zahra Eshkevar-Faraji, Zahra Fotokian, Zahra Jannat Alipour, Ali Pourhabib","doi":"10.1155/prm/6417337","DOIUrl":"10.1155/prm/6417337","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background and Objective:</b> Chronic pain represents not only an unpleasant physical condition but also numerous psychological and social consequences for older adults, potentially diminishing their quality of life. Gaining insight into the connection of pain coping mechanisms with pain acceptance and perceived social support can facilitate the development of effective approaches for the treatment and management of pain in older adults. The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of pain coping strategies on perceived social support and pain acceptance in older adults with chronic pain. <b>Methods:</b> The current research was a descriptive, analytical, and correlational study. Participants were selected by a simple random method and comprised 363 older adults with chronic pain referred to the specialized clinics of selected medical centers in the west of Mazandaran province. Tools used to collect data included the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), the chronic pain acceptance instrument in older adults (ECPAI), the pain coping strategies questionnaire (PCSQ), and the VanKroff Graded Chronic Pain Scale (VGCPS). <b>Results:</b> The average age of the participants was 68.18 ± 6.36 years. Based on the results of the Pearson correlation test, a positive and significant relationship was found between pain coping strategies (except catastrophizing) and perceived social support (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The highest correlation with perceived social support was observed in components of faith and praying, hoping, and ignoring the pain, with a coefficient of 0.35. Moreover, there was a positive and significant relationship between acceptance of pain and reinterpreting pain, return attention, talking to oneself, ignoring the pain, distractor behaviors, praying, and hoping (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Praying and hoping components exhibited the strongest correlation with pain acceptance, with a coefficient of 0.32. <b>Conclusion:</b> The results showed that coping strategies influence pain acceptance and perceived social support among older adults with chronic pain. Therefore, it is suggested that health service providers, especially nurses, implement appropriate educational, care, support, and psychological solutions in order to empower older adults to recognize and apply effective and efficient coping strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19913,"journal":{"name":"Pain Research & Management","volume":"2025 ","pages":"6417337"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11876526/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143557582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Opioids With or Without Low-Dose Naloxone During the Perioperative Period: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Benyu Mao, Xian Wang, Xianping Zhang, Min Chen","doi":"10.1155/prm/8380502","DOIUrl":"10.1155/prm/8380502","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objectives:</b> The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis from randomized controlled trials is to assess opioids with or without low-dose naloxone during the perioperative period at pain intensity and opioids-related adverse events. <b>Methods:</b> We searched of Medline, Embase, International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, and the Cochrane Library up to May 31, 2023. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of low-dose naloxone combined with opioids in adults reporting pain intensity or opioid-related adverse event during the perioperative period. <b>Results:</b> A total of 18 RCTs with 1784 participants were included. We could not reach a consistent conclusion for pain intensity due to high heterogeneity. High certainty evidence showed that low-dose naloxone combined with opioids reduced the risk of nausea (relative risk (RR): 0.82 and 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.70-0.96), cough (RR: 0.52 and 95% CI: 0.30-0.90) and postoperative nausea and vomiting (RR: 0.58 and 95% CI: 0.40-0.80). Moderate certainty evidence showed that low-dose naloxone combined with opioids did not reduce vomiting, urinary retention, sedation, dizziness, respiratory depression, headache, drowsiness, shivering, skin itch, hypotension, and sweating. <b>Conclusions:</b> Our findings show that the use of low-dose naloxone in combination with opioids can lower the risk of somnolence and coughing, postoperative nausea, and vomiting.</p>","PeriodicalId":19913,"journal":{"name":"Pain Research & Management","volume":"2025 ","pages":"8380502"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11872289/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143543000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronic Pain in Italy: Turning Numbers Into Actionable Solutions.","authors":"Alessia Violini, Leonardo Consoletti, Gabriele Finco","doi":"10.1155/prm/3401242","DOIUrl":"10.1155/prm/3401242","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic pain (CP) is a condition that looms over the global social and health scenarios. After many years without having national data, an extensive overview of this disorder in Italy has been published in the first <i>Rapporto Censis Grünenthal</i> (Censis Grünenthal Pain Report). It confirms that 19.8% of the Italian adult population suffers from moderate or severe CP, and the vast majority of patients (86.2%) are not aware of the existence of pain management (PM) centers. Starting with the <i>Rapporto Censis Grünenthal</i> data analysis by the representatives of three Italian pain scientific societies, several unmet needs were highlighted for which affordable, innovative, and technological strategies were proposed. These solutions focused on interventions in three strategic areas: (1) information, education, and awareness about CP among patients and physicians; (2) organization of pain center networks to adequately cover the national territory, promoting a multimodal-interdisciplinary approach; and (3) use of currently available novel technologies to foster access to treatment. For this purpose, the authors suggested feasible solutions, such as promoting public educational campaigns to raise awareness of the existence of pain centers and the right to receive a proper PM, as indicated in Italy by the pioneering law 38/2010. Regarding organizational gaps, the authors highlighted the possibility of drawing on international models to improve pain centers with completely dedicated staff and community-based pain services while supporting the development of specialized procedural PM standards. Concerning technologies, investments in telehealth and digital tools would improve access to therapies throughout the territory, enabling efficient clinical assessment and helping deliver the most suitable treatments. Overall, greater awareness of the impact of CP and a better allocation of resources are needed to improve patient quality of life, thereby reducing costs for the healthcare system.</p>","PeriodicalId":19913,"journal":{"name":"Pain Research & Management","volume":"2025 ","pages":"3401242"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11845262/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143483531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response in Patients With Persistent Pelvic Pain to Motor Imagery Through Auditory or Visual Input-A Pilot Randomized Trial.","authors":"Borja Perez-Dominguez, Alba Arce-Elorza, Isabel Rubio-Garcia, Esther Diaz-Mohedo","doi":"10.1155/prm/1412626","DOIUrl":"10.1155/prm/1412626","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Purpose:</b> This study evaluates the response to a motor imagery intervention using visual or auditory inputs in patients with persistent pelvic pain. A secondary objective is to assess how patients' mental visualization capacity influences intervention outcomes. <b>Methods:</b> Forty patients diagnosed with persistent pelvic pain were enrolled in a randomized trial with six motor imagery sessions over 2 weeks. Patients were assigned to interventions delivered through images or audio recordings. Pain intensity, attention to pain, and the ability to mentally visualize and perceive movements were assessed. <b>Results:</b> Participants receiving auditory stimulus-based interventions showed a nonsignificant reduction in pain intensity (from 7.1 points [SD: 1.9] to 6.1 points [SD: 2.4]; <i>p</i>=0.091), while those in the visual input group experienced no change. Attention to pain improved in the visual group (from 30.2 points [SD: 6.2] to 27.6 points [SD: 6.8]; <i>p</i>=0.194), whereas it remained stable in the auditory group. Importantly, the participants' ability to mentally visualize and perceive movements did not significantly impact the outcomes. <b>Conclusions:</b> Auditory motor imagery appears to be a promising, less intrusive approach for managing persistent pelvic pain, with home-based interventions showing potential where access to conventional care is limited. This study highlights the importance of personalized motor imagery approaches, demonstrating superior efficacy for auditory interventions compared to visual ones. Limitations include a brief intervention period and recruitment challenges, yet motor imagery remains a viable therapeutic option. <b>Trial Registration:</b> ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT06343649.</p>","PeriodicalId":19913,"journal":{"name":"Pain Research & Management","volume":"2025 ","pages":"1412626"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11832252/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143441608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preoperative Ketamine Gargle for Prevention of Postoperative Sore Throat After Tracheal Intubation in Adults: A Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Saihao Fu, Mengrong Miao, Jing Bian, Yunxiang Fu, Jiaqiang Zhang, Mingyang Sun","doi":"10.1155/prm/7622696","DOIUrl":"10.1155/prm/7622696","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the impact of preoperative ketamine gargle on postoperative throat pain in patients undergoing general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation (ETI). <b>Methods:</b> A comprehensive search was conducted in databases including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Scopus, ClinicalTrials.gov, and others. Data analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 and Stata Statistical Software 18 (StataCorp., Texas., United States of America). Odds ratio with 95% confidence interval (CI) and mean difference were calculated for outcomes: incidence of postoperative 0, 2, 4, 8, and 24 h sore throat and anesthesia time. The overall certainty of evidence was evaluated with the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach, with trial sequential analysis (TSA) performed to establish implications for further research. <b>Main outcome:</b> A total of ten RCTs involving 593 patients were included in the analysis. The results demonstrated a significant reduction in the incidence of postoperative sore throat at 0, 2, 4, 8, and 24 h after the operation (0 h: OR: 0.14; 95% CI: 0.04-0.47; <i>p</i>=0.002; <i>I</i> ² = 67%; 2 h: OR: 0.30; 95% CI: 0.17-0.52; <i>p</i> < 0.0001; <i>I</i> ² = 31%; 4 h: OR: 0.32; 95% CI: 0.20-0.52; <i>p</i> < 0.00001; <i>I</i> ² = 0%; 8 h: OR: 0.40; 95% CI: 0.23-0.70; <i>p</i>=0.001; <i>I</i> ² = 29%; 24 h: OR: 0.36; 95% CI: 0.25-0.51; <i>p</i> < 0.00001; <i>I</i> ² = 0%) in patients who received ketamine gargle compared to those who received a placebo. In addition, our meta-analysis indicated that ketamine gargle did not result in a reduction in anesthesia time (min) (MD: -1.16; 95% CI: -6.44-4.11; <i>p</i>=0.67). <b>Conclusion:</b> Our meta-analysis demonstrated the efficacy of prophylactic ketamine gargle in reducing the incidence of POST across all studied time intervals in patients requiring tracheal intubation of general anesthesia compared to placebo.</p>","PeriodicalId":19913,"journal":{"name":"Pain Research & Management","volume":"2025 ","pages":"7622696"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11824847/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143414747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematic Review of Methods for Individual Prediction of Postoperative Pain.","authors":"Krister Mogianos, Jonas Åkeson, Anna K M Persson","doi":"10.1155/prm/1331412","DOIUrl":"10.1155/prm/1331412","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Acute postoperative pain is a common problem in clinical practice and merits attention considering its potential long-term adverse effects. This systematic review covers current knowledge on methods for individual prediction of postoperative pain. <b>Methods:</b> A systematic literature search was conducted using the PubMed, EMBASE, and CINAHL databases for original studies with adult patients published in English between 2016 and 2022. Inclusion required assessment of risk factors preoperatively and assessment of postoperative pain. No reviews, meta-analyses, or study protocols were included, nor studies with outcomes other than pain or where risk factor analysis was not performed preoperatively. A two peer-reviewed system was utilized using the screening and data collection tool Covidence, with a focus on new tools for preoperative pain prediction. The results were only analyzed qualitatively. <b>Results:</b> The search yielded 1950 abstracts to be screened. In total, 208 articles were subjected to full-text review, and 107 articles were included in the data synthesis of this review. The evaluated scientific methods were grouped and analyzed separately. Psychometric questionnaires and methods for quantitative sensory testing are still being studied. New methods proposed include the evaluation of pain induced by tourniquet inflation, venous cannulation, or pin-prick stimulation, the analgesia/nociception index, electroencephalographic recording, and other new equipment developed for this purpose. <b>Conclusion:</b> Various screening methods have been proposed to identify patients prone to postoperative pain. The focus has shifted from procedure-specific to individualized strategies to improve early management of pain. However, many traditional predictive methods still have a questionable role in clinical practice. <b>Trial Registration:</b> ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: CRD42022298479.</p>","PeriodicalId":19913,"journal":{"name":"Pain Research & Management","volume":"2025 ","pages":"1331412"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11824487/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143414751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Oral Magnesium Supplement on Postoperative Pain Following Mandibular Third Molar Surgery: A Split-Mouth Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial.","authors":"Sutthipat Nimkulrat, Phichayut Phinyo, Warit Powcharoen","doi":"10.1155/prm/7157801","DOIUrl":"10.1155/prm/7157801","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> This study aimed to evaluate the analgesic efficacy of oral magnesium supplements, administered as an analgesic adjuvant to ibuprofen, on acute postoperative pain within 72 h following mandibular third molar (MTM) surgery. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> This triple-blind, placebo-controlled, split-mouth randomized study was conducted among 25 patients (50 MTMs), who intended to remove both MTMs. All patients underwent two surgeries separated by an interval of at least 4 weeks. For each surgery period, patients were randomly assigned with either receiving NSAIDs plus oral magnesium supplement (25 MTMs) or NSAIDs plus placebo (25 MTMs) for three days after surgery. The postoperative pain intensity at rest and movement were primarily evaluated at 24 h, postoperatively. Participants were also asked to record pain intensity at 6, 48, and 72 h, postoperatively, rescue analgesic consumption, time to first rescue analgesic, and magnesium-related adverse events. <b>Results:</b> The combination of ibuprofen plus oral magnesium supplement significantly decreased pain intensity at rest 24 h, postoperatively, compared to placebo (estimated mean difference -15.08; 95%CI -29.01 to -1.14). However, the pain intensity at rest and movement were similar between groups at other time points. There was no significant difference among groups in terms of rescue analgesic consumption and time to first rescue analgesic. No magnesium-related adverse event was observed. <b>Conclusion:</b> The addition of oral magnesium supplement as an analgesic adjuvant to NSAIDs significantly decreased pain intensity at rest 24 h following MTM surgery. Nevertheless, this result might not provide clinically relevant benefits for pain control following MTM surgery. <b>Trial Registration:</b> ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: TCTR20221003004.</p>","PeriodicalId":19913,"journal":{"name":"Pain Research & Management","volume":"2025 ","pages":"7157801"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11824843/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143414754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Concept of Pain in Children Attending Primary School: Implications for School-Based Pain Education.","authors":"Talita Odendaal, Ina Diener, Quinette Abegail Louw, Dawn Verna Ernstzen","doi":"10.1155/prm/3198988","DOIUrl":"10.1155/prm/3198988","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction:</b> A child's concept of pain comprises their understanding of what pain is, the purpose of pain, and biological processes underpinning pain. The concept of pain can influence pain experiences, pain beliefs, and pain-related behaviour. This study aimed to assess the concept of pain among children attending primary schools in Gqeberha in the Eastern Cape of South Africa. A secondary aim was to explore demographic and pain-related information that may contribute to a child's concept of pain. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> A cross-sectional study with an analytic component was used. The cross-culturally adapted Concept of Pain Inventory (COPI) was used to assess the concept of pain amongst 12-year-old school-attending children. Children from seven primary schools that were selected via stratified random sampling participated. Participants completed the adapted COPI and a sociodemographic questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and inferential analysis were used to analyse the data. <b>Results:</b> There were 119 participants. Participants' concept of pain partially aligned with contemporary pain science (mean = 34.39 out of 56; standard deviation = 6.49), indicating a partial understanding of the factors influencing pain. Demographic factors and pain-related information investigated did not influence participants' concept of pain. However, differences in the concept of pain were observed amongst participants from different schools. <b>Conclusions:</b> Participants had a developing concept of pain that was partially aligned with contemporary pain science. Participants had pain knowledge strengths and gaps that can be used to develop a tailored school-based pain education intervention for them. There were indications that contextual factors may have influenced the participants' concept of pain. Further studies to explore socioenvironmental factors that influence pain knowledge in children are recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":19913,"journal":{"name":"Pain Research & Management","volume":"2025 ","pages":"3198988"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11756938/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143029372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}