Parasite最新文献

{"title":"Spatiotemporal patterns of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in the high-burden provinces of Morocco, 1995-2022: an exploratory analysis of environmental and socio-demographic correlates.","authors":"Chaymaa Harkat, Denis Sereno, Oussama Rida, Hicham Hafiane, Souad Bouhout, Laila Hoummadi, Kholoud Kahime","doi":"10.1051/parasite/2026045","DOIUrl":"10.1051/parasite/2026045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) caused by Leishmania major remains a major public health concern in Morocco, especially in certain semi-arid and pre-Saharan regions where ecological conditions favor transmission. In recent decades, the epidemiology of ZCL has evolved significantly, particularly in its temporal patterns and the persistence of transmission in major endemic provinces. In this study, we adopted a retrospective observational approach to explore the long-term spatiotemporal dynamics of ZCL across nine endemic provinces in Morocco and to assess its potential environmental, socio-economic, and demographic determinants using a descriptive analytical framework.</p><p><strong>Principal findings: </strong>A total of 58,880 ZCL cases were reported during the study period between 1995 and 2022, with incidence peaks observed in 2010 and 2018, reflecting cyclical epidemic dynamics. The Drâa-Tafilalet region accounted for the highest disease burden, with Zagora province identified as the main epidemiological hotspot. Children aged ≤10 represented the most affected age group (40.8% of total cases), whereas infection rates did not differ significantly between the sexes (female-to-male ratio = 1.17). Higher incidence was observed in hyper-arid provinces characterized by sandy-clay-loam soils. However, incidence was not statistically correlated with either environmental or social variables (p > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>ZCL remains endemic in Morocco, with persistent hotspots linked to specific ecological contexts. These findings highlight the importance of geographically targeted surveillance and control measures to support the integration of environmental indicators into risk monitoring and early-warning systems for leishmaniasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":19796,"journal":{"name":"Parasite","volume":"33 ","pages":"44"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13474595/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148765503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vivo double labeling of putative neuronal and excretory structures in Echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces and associated membranes obtained by a lipophilic dye.","authors":"Federico Camicia, Ariel Naidich, Antonela Paladini, Graciana Ayesa, María L Pantano, Silvio J Krivokapich, Silvana Carnevale","doi":"10.1051/parasite/2026040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2026040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Echinococcus granulosus is a platyhelminth parasite and the causative agent of cystic echinococcosis, a neglected zoonotic disease affecting humans and animals worldwide. In this study, lipophilic tracing techniques were applied to live protoscoleces and associated membranes to evaluate whether neuronal structures could be visualized in vivo. Incubation with the lipophilic tracer DiI produced a staining pattern consistent with both excretory structures and putative neuronal elements. Although DiI is commonly used as a neuronal tracer, it reproducibly labeled a branched tubular structure resembling the excretory system of live protoscoleces. Notably, staining revealed a continuous connection between the protoscolex excretory system and the excretory network within the brood capsule, suggesting anatomical continuity between these structures. In addition, putative neuronal cell bodies and projections were observed mainly in the scolex region, and some putative multipolar neuronal cells were detected in brood capsules. Close spatial localization between neuronal projections and the terminal regions of the excretory canals was also observed. These staining patterns were absent in dead protoscoleces, indicating that DiI can function as a vital stain under these conditions. In contrast, resazurin produced a different staining pattern and did not label defined internal membranous structures. Although DiI fluorescence was retained after paraformaldehyde fixation, the signal did not withstand the permeabilization and antibody-incubation procedures required for immunohistochemistry. This study represents the first application of a neuronal tracer in live cestode larvae and provides a novel approach for visualizing putative neuronal and excretory structures, potentially aiding the identification of new targets for cystic echinococcosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":19796,"journal":{"name":"Parasite","volume":"33 ","pages":"45"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13483176/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148796456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Module-level recombination drives DBLMSP polymorphism and functional conservation in Plasmodium falciparum.","authors":"Yi-Wen Duan, Shen-Bo Chen, Tian-Yu Wang, Wan-Xuan Yang, Kokouvi Kassegne, Hai-Mo Shen, Jun-Hu Chen","doi":"10.1051/parasite/2026024","DOIUrl":"10.1051/parasite/2026024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The DBLMSP gene family in Plasmodium falciparum encodes surface antigens involved in immune evasion and red blood cell invasion, yet its extensive polymorphism has long defied straightforward classification. While analyzing DBLMSP1 sequences from samples collected along the China-Myanmar border, we found that haplotypes could not be readily explained by standard population genetic models. Instead, comparative alignment and BLAST analysis revealed that DBLMSP1 and DBLMSP2 consist of discrete, recombinable sequence modules, flanked by conserved upstream and downstream regions. This led us to propose a modular framework that redefines allele structure as combinations of well-defined building blocks with consistent boundaries and positional constraints. Through global mining of DBLMSP sequences, we identified nine genotypes each for DBLMSP1 and DBLMSP2, with modules labeled sequentially (e.g., 1M2a, 1M3c, and 2M3b). Some modules were shared across paralogs, notably the identical sequence of DBLMSP1 module 1M3c and DBLMSP2 module 2M3a, suggesting historical inter-locus recombination. In the dominant genotype DBLMSP1-1, nucleotide diversity and Tajima's D peaked within variable modules, whereas conserved structural elements, including the receptor-binding cleft and SPAM domain, were under purifying selection. Patterns of long-range linkage disequilibrium aligned with module junctions, suggesting that modular structure may shape recombination patterns independently of selection. Modular recombination has been widely recognized in viral systems and multigene families such as var, but its relevance in DBLMSPs has been underappreciated. By applying this framework to P. falciparum DBLMSPs, we aim to provide a useful perspective for understanding their structural diversity and evolutionary dynamics, with implications for immunogen design and parasite surveillance.</p>","PeriodicalId":19796,"journal":{"name":"Parasite","volume":"33 ","pages":"24"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13088805/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147699446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glossina from the Republic of the Congo: species identification by MALDI-TOF MS and research of associated micro-organisms.","authors":"Irina Babakana Bemba, Zaina Amirat, Philippe Parola, Christophe Antonio Nkondjio, Arsene Lenga, Lionel Almeras, Adama Zan Diarra","doi":"10.1051/parasite/2026007","DOIUrl":"10.1051/parasite/2026007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) and Animal African trypanosomiasis (AAT), transmitted by Glossina species, remain major health and economic burdens in Africa. Accurate vector identification is essential for effective control strategies. However, current identification methods of Glossina species based on morphological and/or molecular techniques have several limitations that often hinder reliable species-level classification. This study assessed matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) as an alternative or complementary approach to morphological and molecular methods for Glossina species identification and explored its ability to detect infection status. A total of 265 tsetse flies were collected and morphologically classified into the Glossina palpalis group (n = 200) and the Glossina fuscipes group (n = 65), later confirmed by molecular analysis as Glossina palpalis palpalis and Glossina fuscipes quanzensis, respectively. Spectra were generated from wings, legs, and thoraxes to identify the most suitable body parts. For G. p. palpalis, high-quality spectra were obtained from wings (98.0%), legs (96.5%), and thoraxes (93.5%); for G. f. quanzensis, corresponding values were 89.2%, 87.7%, and 72.3%. Blind testing showed that 89.5% of spectra for G. p. palpalis and 95.2% for G. f. quanzensis matched morphological identification, with 87.0% and 94.6%, respectively, reaching relevant score thresholds. Molecular screening detected Trypanosoma congolense DNA in nine specimens, but MALDI-TOF MS spectra could not distinguish infected from uninfected flies. These findings demonstrate that MALDI-TOF MS is a rapid, reliable tool for Glossina species identification, particularly using wings and legs, but is unsuitable for infection status determination.</p>","PeriodicalId":19796,"journal":{"name":"Parasite","volume":"33 ","pages":"5"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12875062/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146126038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fasciolosis, a foodborne zoonotic trematode infection in cattle in Bangladesh: multifaceted validation of parthenogenecity and anthelmintic efficacy.","authors":"Haydar Ali, Shahadat Hossain, Sharmin Shahid Labony, Aminul Islam, Mohammad Mehedi Hasan, Anita Rani Dey, Mahmudul Alam, Abu Hadi Noor Ali Khan, Abdul Alim, Anisuzzaman","doi":"10.1051/parasite/2026004","DOIUrl":"10.1051/parasite/2026004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Parthenogenic Fasciola (Trematoda: Fasciolidae) flukes have been developed by the hybridization of Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica. They are aspermic (asF) but capable of clonal expansion through parthenogenesis and are spreading rapidly throughout the globe. Here, we unambiguously prove the occurrence of parthenogenic Fasciola in cattle in Bangladesh, along with their ex vivo culture protocol and anthelmintic efficacy. By employing multiple conventional and molecular tools, we confirmed the presence of both the spermic F. gigantica (sFg) (31.7%; 814/2575) and asF (68.3%; 1761/2575) in Bangladesh. Both the adult sFg and asF survived well in DMEM supplemented with 20% bovine serum and 20% bovine bile. Using a DMEM-based ex vivo culture protocol, we found that nitroxynil (NTX) and oxyclozanide (OCZ) efficiently killed both sFg and asFg in a concentration and time-dependent manner. Surprisingly, triclabendazole (TCBZ) and clorsulon (CRL) killed neither sFg nor asF. Also, praziquantel, albendazole, and levamisole did not affect the viability of the flukes. We found that all TCBZ survivors had more than one mutation, both in nucleotides (G440A, G643A, and G788A) and amino acids (R147K, E215K, and R263K) of the binding pocket of carboxylesterase B (CestB), providing molecular evidence of TCBZ resistance in Fasciola. Taken together, asF constitutes more than two-thirds of the Fasciola population in Bangladesh. This study unambiguously proved the ineffectiveness of TCBZ against both asF and sFg circulating in Bangladesh. Therefore, only OCZ and NTX remain effective against fasciolosis, which thus poses ongoing public health risks of infection in humans with TCBZ-tolerant strains of fasciolosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":19796,"journal":{"name":"Parasite","volume":"33 ","pages":"7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12892867/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146158049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating BG-Sentinel trap setting as an effective surveillance tool for mosquito vectors in the Republic of Cyprus.","authors":"Georgios Balatsos, Vasileios Karras, Marco Neira, Renaud Lancelot, Christiana Antoniou, Avgoustinos S Stephanou, Yiannis Pigkeridis, Kyriakos Papazacharia, Giorgos Papazacharia, Marios Violaris, Maria Sakellariou Sofianou, Marina Bisia, Jeremy Bouyer, Antonios Michaelakis","doi":"10.1051/parasite/2026033","DOIUrl":"10.1051/parasite/2026033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Effective surveillance of invasive Aedes mosquitoes, particularly Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus, is essential for early detection, risk assessment, and optimization of control strategies such as the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT). Although BG-Sentinel 2 traps are widely used in Europe, their performance under eastern Mediterranean conditions remains insufficiently evaluated. We assessed the attractiveness of BG-Sentinel 2 traps baited with BG-Lure, dry ice (CO₂), their combination, and unbaited controls using a Latin square field design in Larnaca and Nicosia, Cyprus. A total of 1,649 mosquitoes were collected. In Larnaca, Ae. aegypti occurred at low densities. Male captures were consistently low and unaffected by attractants, while female captures increased significantly only when BG-Lure and CO₂ were combined (RR = 2.7, 95% CI: 1.6-4.5). In Nicosia, Ae. albopictus was abundant, but responses were sex-specific. Male captures were significantly reduced by CO₂ alone (RR = 0.297, 95% CI: 0.175-0.467), with a weaker reduction when combined with BG-Lure, while female captures were not significantly affected by any treatment. For Culex pipiens, CO₂ strongly increased female captures (RR ≈ 16), irrespective of BG-Lure, whereas males showed only a modest response to BG-Lure alone. Overall, attractant efficacy was highly species- and sex-specific. Standard baiting strategies did not consistently enhance detection of invasive Aedes mosquitoes and, in some cases, reduced male captures, with implications for SIT programs. These findings emphasize the need for local validation of surveillance protocols particularly at points of entry.</p>","PeriodicalId":19796,"journal":{"name":"Parasite","volume":"33 ","pages":"31"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13233028/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148157528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel RFLP-PCR method for the rapid diagnosis of Echinococcus multilocularis and different Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato species from tissue samples.","authors":"Gérald Umhang, Jean-Marc Boucher, Lisa Laboutière, Grégory Karadjian","doi":"10.1051/parasite/2026017","DOIUrl":"10.1051/parasite/2026017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Both alveolar echinococcosis and cystic echinococcosis are zoonotic diseases affecting thousands of humans in Europe annually. Five Echinococcus species are known to be endemic in Europe, but with varying relative importance in humans and animals. In order to identify these Echinococcus species from tissue samples, an RFLP-PCR method was developed and validated in accordance with the French quality standards for molecular diagnostics (NF U47-600-2). Amplification by PCR of about 846 bp from the 12S ribosomal RNA gene was followed by a single digestion step with three restriction enzymes (AccI, DdeI and HinfI). The RFLP-PCR method distinguishes Echinococcus multilocularis, E. granulosus sensu stricto, E. equinus, E. ortleppi and E. canadensis in six specific profiles composed of two or three bands. Each profile is specific for the species, except an additional specific profile from genotype G8 of E. canadensis. Species from other genera of the Taeniidae family correspond to two other types of profiles. Additionally, in silico analyses predicted three specific additional profiles for the other four Echinococcus species. The limit of detection of the method including DNA extraction is estimated to be a minimum of 1,000 copies. Total specificity and sensitivity were obtained by testing a panel of 73 and 79 DNA samples previously identified by sequencing. This RFLP-PCR technique is cost-effective, simple and rapid to implement, making it suitable for use in large epidemiological studies, as well as for single diagnostic purposes targeting tissue samples, such as cysts or worms, without requiring sequencing.</p>","PeriodicalId":19796,"journal":{"name":"Parasite","volume":"33 ","pages":"17"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13041236/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147593418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of 1,094 children diagnosed with scabies in Turkey: a 5-year retrospective observational study.","authors":"Zeynep Üze Okay, Berker Okay, Emanet Çelebi, Şeyma Açıkgöz, Emin Arvas, Mehmet Şefik Avcı, Eda Yıldız, Nahid Ahmadian, Kamil Şahin, Gülşen Akkoç","doi":"10.1051/parasite/2026041","DOIUrl":"10.1051/parasite/2026041","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Scabies is a common health concern, particularly among infants and children from socioeconomically disadvantaged households. This single-center retrospective observational cohort study describes scabies phenotypes, associated factors, treatment patterns, complications, and 12-month scabies-related re-attendance among diagnosed children between March 2018 and March 2023. Data from 1,094 children living in Turkey were extracted from medical records. Patients were classified as having classic, crusted, or nodular scabies for descriptive analyses; crusted and nodular scabies were combined as variant scabies only for selected regression models. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with variant scabies and hospitalization. Most cases occurred in fall and winter (67.6%). Crusted and nodular scabies were identified in 93 (8.5%) and 18 (1.6%) patients, respectively. Underlying abnormalities were reviewed separately for crusted and nodular scabies. Among hospitalized children, 61.5% had variant scabies, and clinically suspected secondary bacterial infection was documented in 77 of 78 hospitalized patients. Cultures were obtained from all hospitalized children; among culture-positive cases, Staphylococcus aureus was the most frequently isolated organism. Among children who re-attended within one year, permethrin was the most frequently documented treatment (92.3% of documented treatments). Underlying disease and younger age were independently associated with variant scabies, whereas underlying disease, variant scabies, and younger age were independently associated with hospitalization. Re-attendance was more frequent in variant scabies (p < 0.001). Crusted scabies warrants careful evaluation for underlying abnormalities and secondary infection, while nodular scabies should be interpreted as a distinct hypersensitivity-related phenotype. These findings support proactive household-level management and follow-up.</p>","PeriodicalId":19796,"journal":{"name":"Parasite","volume":"33 ","pages":"42"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13432915/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148670383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence, morphology, and molecular characterization of trypanosomes in bulbuls from Thailand.","authors":"Pornchai Pornpanom, Carolina Romeiro Fernandes Chagas, Nikom Srikacha, Surya Paudel, Arif Ciloglu, Kannawee Swangneat, Morakot Kaewthamasorn","doi":"10.1051/parasite/2026036","DOIUrl":"10.1051/parasite/2026036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Birds represent the second most species-rich class of vertebrates, comprising more than 10,000 extant species worldwide, including wild and domesticated forms, as well as migratory and resident species. Bulbuls (Family Pycnonotidae) are important seed dispersers, and keeping them in cages is a long-standing tradition in Thai culture. Health assessments of these birds are therefore essential for sustaining cage-bird keeping, supporting local livelihoods, while also supporting biodiversity conservation. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, morphology, and molecular characteristics of trypanosomes in Olive-winged bulbuls (Pycnonotus plumosus, OWB), Streak-eared bulbuls (Pycnonotus conradi, SEB), and Yellow-vent bulbuls (Pycnonotus goiavier, YVB) captured in Thailand. Blood samples were collected from 121 bulbuls (26 OWBs, 79 SEBs, and 16 YVBs). Three Giemsa-stained blood smears were prepared per sample, and genomic DNA was extracted. Additionally, nested-PCR and sequence analysis of the small subunit ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene (SSU rRNA) were performed. As a result, microscopic examination revealed Trypanosoma spp. infections in seven SEBs and ten YVBs, and up to nine putative morphotypes of Trypanosoma spp. were identified. Nested-PCR revealed a higher prevalence (11.39% in SEBs and 75.00% in YVBs) compared to microscopic examination (8.86% in SEBs and 62.50% in YVBs). Sequence analysis of all 21 nested-PCR positive samples further revealed multiple trypanosome strain/species infections. Collectively, these findings provide baseline data to support veterinary diagnostic laboratories and inform future epidemiologic and molecular investigations of avian trypanosomes in Thailand.</p>","PeriodicalId":19796,"journal":{"name":"Parasite","volume":"33 ","pages":"37"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13343719/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148405323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First analysis of Spirometra mansoni excretory-secretory proteins by the 4D-DIA method.","authors":"Fei Gao, Xuan Xuan Song, Jie Hao, Cheng Yue Cao, Shuang Li, Xi Zhang","doi":"10.1051/parasite/2026025","DOIUrl":"10.1051/parasite/2026025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, adults and plerocercoids of S. mansoni were cultivated in vitro to systematically analyze the components of the excretory-secretory proteins (ESPs) of Spirometra mansoni. Afterwards, the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified and protein components were examined using the Data Independent Acquisition (DIA) mode. A total of 944 proteins were identified, including 580 plerocercoid-specific proteins, whereas no specific proteins were found in adults. Quantitative analysis revealed that 607 proteins were significantly differentially expressed, with 390 upregulated in the plerocercoid group, and 217 upregulated in the adult group. Gene Ontology functional annotation revealed that the upregulated proteins in the plerocercoid group were significantly enriched in functions such as nitrogen compound metabolism, proteasome core complexes, and ion binding. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment revealed that the DEPs were strongly correlated with signal transduction, signal transportation, and catabolism pathways. Moreover, metabolic network analysis revealed that key pathways included the pentose phosphate pathway and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis. In addition, indirect ELISA revealed that immunization of mice with ESPs induced a Th1/Th2 mixed immune response, dominated by a Th1 response. Cytokine detection further verified that ESPs had good immunogenicity, and could activate both humoral and cellular immune responses. This study revealed, for the first time, the differential expression profile of ESPs between adults and plerocercoids of S. mansoni. These findings offer a potential reference for the diagnosis and prevention of sparganosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":19796,"journal":{"name":"Parasite","volume":"33 ","pages":"26"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13104597/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147777957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}