IF 2.8 2区医学

Parasite Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-09-03 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2026049

Hong-Di Zhuang, Wen-Tao Xiang, Ting Li, Bing-Bing Cui, Hai-Feng Feng, Jun-Fei Wang, Yi-Fan Zhang, Jia-Yu Yu, Qiu-Chi Jiang, Yu-Tao Chen, Jian-Ming Li, Nai-Chao Diao, Rui Du, Fei Liu

{"title":"Epidemiologic survey and genotyping of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in sika deer (Cervus nippon) in four provinces of China.","authors":"Hong-Di Zhuang, Wen-Tao Xiang, Ting Li, Bing-Bing Cui, Hai-Feng Feng, Jun-Fei Wang, Yi-Fan Zhang, Jia-Yu Yu, Qiu-Chi Jiang, Yu-Tao Chen, Jian-Ming Li, Nai-Chao Diao, Rui Du, Fei Liu","doi":"10.1051/parasite/2026049","DOIUrl":"10.1051/parasite/2026049","url":null,"abstract":"Microsporidia are obligate intracellular parasites with a wide host range. To elucidate the relationship between Enterocytozoon bieneusi infection dynamics and evolution within China's sika deer population, 466 fresh fecal samples were collected from May to October 2024 across four provinces, Jilin, Liaoning, Heilongjiang, and Shandong. The ITS region of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) was amplified using nested PCR, enabling the identification and genotyping of E. bieneusi. The overall prevalence of E. bieneusi in sika deer was 44.4% (207/466). Province-specific prevalence was highest in Shandong (76.0%, 38/50) and Heilongjiang (75.3%, 67/89), followed by Jilin (38.7%, 65/168), and lowest in Liaoning (23.3%, 37/159). The prevalence in autumn (44.9%) was slightly higher than in summer (41.7%), and the prevalence in adult deer (48.7%) was found to be significantly higher than in young deer (31.6%). In this study, we identified a total of 11 E. bieneusi genotypes, including 9 known genotypes (BEB6, HND-II, LND-I, JLD-XIX, CHN-F1, HLJD-I, HLJD-III, Type IV, and COS-I) and 2 novel genotypes (named JL-D-4 and JL-D-5). Among them, BEB6 was the dominant genotype (38.7%, 80/207). This study enriches the genotype data of E. bieneusi, reveals the prevalence of E. bieneusi in some sika deer populations, and provides a reference for subsequent epidemiologic research as well as prevention and control efforts.","PeriodicalId":19796,"journal":{"name":"Parasite","volume":"33 ","pages":"48"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13544796/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148892106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Immunological surveillance using anti-gSG6-P1 IgG biomarker reveals spatio-temporal dynamics of Anopheles exposure and gaps in malaria risk assessment in the Greater Mekong Subregion. 基于抗gsg6 - p1 IgG生物标志物的免疫监测揭示了大湄公河次区域按蚊暴露的时空动态和疟疾风险评估的空白。

IF 2.8 2区医学

Parasite Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-13 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2026012

Manop Saeung, Natapong Jupatanakul, Niramon Jampeesri, Aneta Afelt, Theeraphap Chareonviriyaphap, Sylvie Manguin

{"title":"Immunological surveillance using anti-gSG6-P1 IgG biomarker reveals spatio-temporal dynamics of Anopheles exposure and gaps in malaria risk assessment in the Greater Mekong Subregion.","authors":"Manop Saeung, Natapong Jupatanakul, Niramon Jampeesri, Aneta Afelt, Theeraphap Chareonviriyaphap, Sylvie Manguin","doi":"10.1051/parasite/2026012","DOIUrl":"10.1051/parasite/2026012","url":null,"abstract":"Entomological parameters such as mosquito biting rates often fail to capture variability in human behavior, thereby limiting its accuracy for assessing the population-level malaria risk. This study investigated the use of previously described Anopheles gambiae-based anti-salivary biomarker, anti-gSG6-P1, as a serological marker for Anopheles exposure, and examined key entomological, human, and environmental risk factors in Sisaket Province, Thailand. Blood samples were collected via finger prick from the same set of 184 participants across three seasons: rainy (August 2022), cool-dry (December 2022), and hot-dry (April 2023). Anti-gSG6-P1 IgG levels were quantified using ELISA. Factor Analysis of Mixed Data revealed that seasonality exerted the strongest influence on anti-gSG6-P1 IgG levels, which was likely driven by human activities, particularly the frequency of rubber tapping activity in the areas where Anopheles dirus is present. A higher frequency of rubber plot entry (5-7 days/week) significantly increased anti-gSG6-P1 IgG responses (1.08 ± 0.36) compared with the lower frequency group (0-4 days/week) (0.96 ± 0.35). Furthermore, our findings revealed the complex interplay between anti-gSG6-P1 IgG levels and the seasonality of human behavioral and vector dynamics. These factors highlight key limitations of the anti-gSG6-P1 IgG biomarker in the Greater Mekong Subregion, particularly the lack of well-characterized anti-gSG6-P1 IgG serological response kinetics in regions where predominant vector species exhibit low salivary peptide homology to An. gambiae. These findings emphasize the need for new serological tools tailored to malaria vector species present in the Subregion to improve malaria risk assessment and strengthen vector control strategies.","PeriodicalId":19796,"journal":{"name":"Parasite","volume":"33 ","pages":"11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12984028/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147444575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Clonorchis sinensis and cholangiocarcinoma: molecular mechanisms and biomarker advances. 华支睾吸虫与胆管癌：分子机制和生物标志物进展。

IF 2.8 2区医学

Parasite Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-04-01 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2026011

Chenlin Huang, Yinjuan Wu, Aoxun Wu, Linya Huang, Shu Fang, Chunyan Xu, Tianhao Liu, Yichen Li, Xuerong Li

{"title":"Clonorchis sinensis and cholangiocarcinoma: molecular mechanisms and biomarker advances.","authors":"Chenlin Huang, Yinjuan Wu, Aoxun Wu, Linya Huang, Shu Fang, Chunyan Xu, Tianhao Liu, Yichen Li, Xuerong Li","doi":"10.1051/parasite/2026011","DOIUrl":"10.1051/parasite/2026011","url":null,"abstract":"Clonorchis sinensis, a common food-borne liver fluke in East Asia, is a Group 1 carcinogen strongly linked to cholangiocarcinoma. In recent years, molecular biology and multi-omics studies have revealed that this parasite drives chronic inflammation of the bile duct epithelium, epigenetic abnormalities, and the formation of precancerous lesions. Concurrently, circulating miRNAs, DNA methylation patterns, differential protein expression, metabolite profiles, and parasite-specific antigens have been proposed as potential early molecular biomarkers, which offers new avenues for the non-invasive detection of precancerous conditions. However, current research mainly remains at the laboratory stage and studies have small-scale cohorts, lacking multi-center, large-sample prospective validation and standardized detection protocols, which limits their clinical applicability. Furthermore, traditional imaging and histological methods exhibit limited sensitivity for early identification. This review aims to systematically summarize the molecular carcinogenic mechanisms associated with C. sinensis infection, recent advances in molecular biomarker research, and strategies for identifying precancerous lesions. It will particularly focus on discussing the major obstacles in clinical translation and future directions, with the goal of providing insights for early screening and prevention strategies.","PeriodicalId":19796,"journal":{"name":"Parasite","volume":"33 ","pages":"16"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13041237/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147593429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Parasitology at the heart of the "One Health" concept: a longstanding alliance illustrated by cysticercosis control. 寄生虫学是“同一个健康”概念的核心：以囊虫病控制为例的长期联盟。

IF 2.8 2区医学

Parasite Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-02 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2026008

Jean Dupouy-Camet, Gholamreza Mowlavi, Negar Bizhani, Mohamed Gharbi, Pascal Boireau

{"title":"Parasitology at the heart of the \"One Health\" concept: a longstanding alliance illustrated by cysticercosis control.","authors":"Jean Dupouy-Camet, Gholamreza Mowlavi, Negar Bizhani, Mohamed Gharbi, Pascal Boireau","doi":"10.1051/parasite/2026008","DOIUrl":"10.1051/parasite/2026008","url":null,"abstract":"The \"One Health\" concept, emphasizing the interdependence of human, animal, and ecosystem health, has gained renewed global attention and institutional support from the World Health Organization, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, United Nations Environment Program, and World Organization for Animal Health. Here we underline that some principles of parasitology are embedded in this concept. As early as the 19th century, Rudolf Virchow affirmed the unity of human and veterinary medicine, a vision long practiced by parasitologists through their multidisciplinary work on zoonotic diseases. The classical \"One Health\" triad (humans, animals, and ecosystems) closely mirrors the complex life cycles of many parasitic zoonoses, where distinct stages circulate among hosts and ecosystems. Parasitology societies worldwide have fostered collaboration among scientists, veterinarians, physicians, and other professionals, embodying some aspects of the \"One Health\" approach well before its formal recognition. Using cysticercosis as an example, this article illustrates how a multisectoral, integrated framework could support effective disease control. We argue that implementing a comprehensive \"One Health\" strategy to combat parasitic diseases requires a systemic approach that encompasses not only veterinary and human medicine, but also ecology, the social sciences, and economics. This approach must explicitly consider research objectives related not only to human and animal health, but also to ecosystem health.","PeriodicalId":19796,"journal":{"name":"Parasite","volume":"33 ","pages":"10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12951727/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147327048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) of Tunisia: updated checklist and new distribution data. 突尼斯蚊类（双翅目：库蚊科）：更新的调查清单和新的分布资料。

IF 2.8 2区医学

Parasite Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-04-14 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2026018

Ahmed Ouni, Adel Rhim, Youmna M'Ghirbi, Francis Schaffner, Ali Bouattour

{"title":"The mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) of Tunisia: updated checklist and new distribution data.","authors":"Ahmed Ouni, Adel Rhim, Youmna M'Ghirbi, Francis Schaffner, Ali Bouattour","doi":"10.1051/parasite/2026018","DOIUrl":"10.1051/parasite/2026018","url":null,"abstract":"In the context of climate change and rapid environmental changes in the Mediterranean basin, accurate and up-to-date mosquito distribution data are essential to support the control of mosquito-borne diseases, which remain a major public health concern. Here, we report the results of intermittent, nationwide, cross-sectional mosquito sampling missions conducted in Tunisia between 2013 and 2023 to update the Culicidae checklist and document current species distribution of species. A total of 35 species were collected, compared with 49 species previously reported in the Tunisian literature. The primary malaria vectors Anopheles labranchiae and An. claviger sensu stricto were still recorded in the north, while An. multicolor and An. sergentii were found in the south, indicating that vigilance remains necessary following malaria elimination. The most abundant and widespread species were Aedes caspius, Ae. detritus, Culex perexiguus and Cx. pipiens. The latter two are recognised as vectors of pathogens such as West Nile virus and therefore require sustained surveillance. Several mosquito species previously reported in the literature were not detected during our surveys. The invasive species Ae. Albopictus, recently established in Tunisia, requires particular monitoring due to its spread to several regions of the country.","PeriodicalId":19796,"journal":{"name":"Parasite","volume":"33 ","pages":"20"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13078122/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147675640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Field efficacy assessment of a combination of afoxolaner, moxidectin and pyrantel pamoate to treat dogs naturally infested with Sarcoptes scabiei. 阿伏菌素、莫西丁素和帕帕酸吡喃酯联合治疗犬疥疮自然感染的现场疗效评价。

IF 2.4 2区医学

Parasite Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2026001

Loïc Antoine, Elias Papadopoulos, Georgios Sioutas, Do Yew Tan, Maxime Madder, Eric Tielemans

{"title":"Field efficacy assessment of a combination of afoxolaner, moxidectin and pyrantel pamoate to treat dogs naturally infested with Sarcoptes scabiei.","authors":"Loïc Antoine, Elias Papadopoulos, Georgios Sioutas, Do Yew Tan, Maxime Madder, Eric Tielemans","doi":"10.1051/parasite/2026001","DOIUrl":"10.1051/parasite/2026001","url":null,"abstract":"Canine sarcoptic mange, caused by Sarcoptes scabiei, is a highly contagious and intensely pruritic skin disease in dogs. It is prevalent worldwide and has zoonotic potential. Therefore, effective treatment is important to safeguard animal welfare and public health. The present clinical field study aimed to confirm the efficacy of NexGard® Plus, an oral combination of afoxolaner, moxidectin and pyrantel pamoate, in treating dogs naturally infested with S. scabiei. It was a blinded, randomised, single-centre, negative-controlled efficacy study. Twenty naturally infested dogs were allocated into two groups: a group treated on Day 0 and Day 26/28 at the label dose, and an untreated control group. Skin scrapings were conducted similarly, once between Day -6 to 0, then on Days 26/28 and 56 for mite counts. Assessments of clinical signs were conducted at the same time intervals. In the treated group, mite infestations were reduced by 97% after the first treatment and were eliminated (100%) after the second treatment (p < 0.0005), while all dogs in the untreated control group remained infested for the whole study. Treated dogs had no pruritus, papules or crusts and clear evidence of hair regrowth by Day 56, unlike the dogs in the control group. This study demonstrated the elimination of S. scabiei mites and significant improvement of sarcoptic mange clinical signs in naturally infested dogs treated with the oral combination of afoxolaner, moxidectin and pyrantel.","PeriodicalId":19796,"journal":{"name":"Parasite","volume":"33 ","pages":"2"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12825414/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146019179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Toxoplasma gondii as a drug for anti-tumor immunotherapy: mechanisms, challenges, and perspectives. 刚地弓形虫作为抗肿瘤免疫治疗的药物：机制、挑战和前景。

IF 2.8 2区医学

Parasite Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-05 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2026006

Jing Li, Eman E El Shanawany, Soad E Hassan, Peng-Yao Li, Jia-Hui Sun, Hong-Mei Li, Shao-Hong Lu, Xiao-Nong Zhou, Bin Zheng

{"title":"Toxoplasma gondii as a drug for anti-tumor immunotherapy: mechanisms, challenges, and perspectives.","authors":"Jing Li, Eman E El Shanawany, Soad E Hassan, Peng-Yao Li, Jia-Hui Sun, Hong-Mei Li, Shao-Hong Lu, Xiao-Nong Zhou, Bin Zheng","doi":"10.1051/parasite/2026006","DOIUrl":"10.1051/parasite/2026006","url":null,"abstract":"Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular protozoan parasite known to infect a wide range of hosts, including humans, and is a significant cause of health issues, particularly in pregnant women and immunocompromised individuals. However, it has garnered attention for its potential in cancer treatment due to its diverse anti-cancer mechanisms. Toxoplasma gondii induces key cytokines such as IL-12 and IFN-γ, triggering robust Th1 immune responses that effectively target tumor cells. Furthermore, it modulates the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), reduces inhibitory immune cells, promotes activated immune cells, induces apoptosis in tumor cells, inhibits proliferation, and disrupts tumor angiogenesis through regulatory signaling pathways. Despite these promising antitumor attributes, significant limitations hinder its translation into clinical practice. These include strain-dependent differences in virulence and therapeutic efficacy, ethical and biosafety concerns associated with wild-type strains, limited applicability of animal data to human therapy, and the possibility that the parasite may promote tumorigenesis under certain conditions. Innovative approaches such as engineered strains for precise tumor targeting, exploitation of its bioactive agents, use as a drug carrier for brain tumors, and combination therapies with other anti-cancer modalities show promise. These advances, coupled with comprehensive cost-effectiveness assessments, present new opportunities and hope for integrating T. gondii into cancer therapy.","PeriodicalId":19796,"journal":{"name":"Parasite","volume":"33 ","pages":"4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12875063/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146126011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Phenology and parasitism rates of Xenos oxyodontes and Xenos moutoni (Strepsiptera: Xenidae) in Vespa (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) in South Korea. 韩国小蜂（膜翅目：小蜂科）中野齿和野齿小蜂的物候特征及寄生率。

IF 2.8 2区医学

Parasite Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-05-19 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2026028

Jaehee Kim, Chang-Jun Kim, Moon Bo Choi, Ohseok Kwon

{"title":"Phenology and parasitism rates of Xenos oxyodontes and Xenos moutoni (Strepsiptera: Xenidae) in Vespa (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) in South Korea.","authors":"Jaehee Kim, Chang-Jun Kim, Moon Bo Choi, Ohseok Kwon","doi":"10.1051/parasite/2026028","DOIUrl":"10.1051/parasite/2026028","url":null,"abstract":"The long-term seasonal parasitism patterns, hereafter referred to as stylopization, and within-nest developmental stage distributions of Vespa-associated Xenidae (Strepsiptera) remain poorly characterized in South Korea. We compiled 15 years of data (2008-2023) based on trapped Vespa individuals from multiple regions and quantified stylopization rates for two Xenidae species, Xenos oxyodontes and Xenos moutoni, based on diagnostic characters visible on stylopized hosts. Seasonal occurrence was summarized primarily from female Xenos specimens, which can be identified to species, and host-association patterns were assessed where possible. To complement the trap-based records, we dissected 22 Vespa analis colonies collected in September 2020 and documented strepsipteran developmental stages within the nests. Across 39,610 examined host individuals, stylopization rates and seasonal occurrence differed between the two Xenos species and among host taxa, indicating distinct host-use and temporal activity patterns. Importantly, the nest dissections provided direct observations of late-season developmental stage compositions, enabling us to compare within-nest reproductive/developmental stages to those inferred from trap-detected stylopized hosts. This comparison revealed that key reproductive-stage information may not be captured by trap records alone. Thus, integrating long-term trap data with nest-level observations can clarify species-specific phenology and developmental/reproductive stage distributions in Vespa-associated Xenidae, providing a better empirical context for interpreting stylopization intensity and developmental timing in field populations.","PeriodicalId":19796,"journal":{"name":"Parasite","volume":"33 ","pages":"28"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13186533/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147974399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A novel 3R-compliant ex vivo approach to assess ectoparasiticide repellency against Phlebotomus perniciosus in dogs. 一种新的符合3r的离体方法来评估狗对白蛉的体外驱虫效果。

IF 2.8 2区医学

Parasite Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-03 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2026029

Ambre Sibari, Guillem Weis-Servat, Emmanuel Liénard, Ali Salem, Thomas Blondel, Marie Varloud, Emilie Bouhsira

{"title":"A novel 3R-compliant ex vivo approach to assess ectoparasiticide repellency against Phlebotomus perniciosus in dogs.","authors":"Ambre Sibari, Guillem Weis-Servat, Emmanuel Liénard, Ali Salem, Thomas Blondel, Marie Varloud, Emilie Bouhsira","doi":"10.1051/parasite/2026029","DOIUrl":"10.1051/parasite/2026029","url":null,"abstract":"Ectoparasiticides are essential for preventing insect bites and transmission of arthropod-borne pathogens such as Leishmania spp. Traditionally, their anti-feeding efficacy is evaluated in vivo using sedated dogs exposed to sand flies. To comply with 3R principles (replacement, reduction and refinement) and to avoid animal exposure, this study aimed to develop an ex vivo feeding model to assess the efficacy of a dinotefuran, permethrin, and pyriproxyfen (DPP) [Vectra®3D] combination against Phlebotomus perniciosus as an alternative to in vivo testing. Twelve dogs were assigned to either a DPP-treated group (n = 6) or an untreated control group (n = 6). On days -7, 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28, dogs were sedated and exposed for one hour to 50 (±5) female sand flies. In parallel, hair collected from each dog was used in an ex vivo artificial feeding system. After exposure, sand flies were assessed for feeding and survival rates. Anti-feeding efficacy was the primary criterion, while insecticidal efficacy was evaluated as a secondary outcome. In both models, control groups showed feeding and survival rates above 31% and 90%, confirming a reliable challenge. The treated group showed significantly lower feeding and survival rates than the control group (p < 0.05). In both models, DPP demonstrated a strong anti-feeding effect in dogs for one month, with efficacy above 80%. This first direct comparison of in vivo and ex vivo models confirms DPP's fast and lasting protection against Ph. perniciosus and positions the ex vivo model as a promising 3R-aligned alternative for studying vector-borne disease prevention.","PeriodicalId":19796,"journal":{"name":"Parasite","volume":"33 ","pages":"33"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13233030/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148157499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Molecular surveillance of intestinal parasites and Acanthamoeba species in soils from outdoor built environments in rural northwestern Argentina. 阿根廷西北部农村室外建筑环境土壤中肠道寄生虫和棘阿米巴的分子监测。

IF 2.8 2区医学

Parasite Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-07-29 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2026039

María Cristina Almazán, Melisa Evangelina Díaz-Fernández, Elvia Ester Nieves, Marisa Juárez, Lucia Estela Mejia, Emilio Rey Mejia, Alejandro Javier Krolewiecki, Philip J Cooper, Rubén Oscar Cimino, Rojelio Mejia

{"title":"Molecular surveillance of intestinal parasites and Acanthamoeba species in soils from outdoor built environments in rural northwestern Argentina.","authors":"María Cristina Almazán, Melisa Evangelina Díaz-Fernández, Elvia Ester Nieves, Marisa Juárez, Lucia Estela Mejia, Emilio Rey Mejia, Alejandro Javier Krolewiecki, Philip J Cooper, Rubén Oscar Cimino, Rojelio Mejia","doi":"10.1051/parasite/2026039","DOIUrl":"10.1051/parasite/2026039","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) and other enteric parasites remain endemic in rural communities of northwestern Argentina. Environmental surveillance may provide additional information on transmission dynamics and community exposure.Results: We analyzed 116 soil samples collected from 28 sites, including 27 households in Solazuti and one rural school in El Cedral (Orán Department, Salta Province, Argentina), using multi-parallel real-time quantitative PCR targeting intestinal protozoa, STHs, zoonotic nematodes, and Acanthamoeba spp. Parasites were detected in outdoor built environments, with 44% of Solazuti households showing at least one positive sample. Ascaris lumbricoides and Toxocara canis were the most frequently detected helminths and showed distinct spatial patterns. Detection of A. lumbricoides was strongly associated with the presence of other parasites (OR 18.11, 95% CI 8.30-38.6; p < 0.0001). Additionally, A. lumbricoides-positive households harbored significantly more parasite species than A. lumbricoides-negative households (p = 0.0343), and A. lumbricoides frequency correlated with parasite richness (Spearman r = 0.4145, p = 0.0316). Acanthamoeba spp. was nearly ubiquitous (96.4% of sites), including the school environment, with a 75% contamination rate.Conclusions: Molecular analysis of soil samples revealed spatially heterogeneous but sustained exposure to multiple pathogens in rural outdoor environments. Soil-based qPCR may complement traditional surveillance by providing community-level data independent of human sampling.","PeriodicalId":19796,"journal":{"name":"Parasite","volume":"33 ","pages":"41"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13427259/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148649264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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