Parasite最新文献

{"title":"Identification of two new genetic loci for high-resolution genotyping of Enterocytozoon bieneusi.","authors":"Xinan Meng, Yonglin Ou, Wen Jiang, Yaqiong Guo, Lihua Xiao, Yaoyu Feng, Na Li","doi":"10.1051/parasite/2025002","DOIUrl":"10.1051/parasite/2025002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In addition to the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) locus, four loci (MS1, MS3, MS4, and MS7) have been identified to develop multilocus sequence typing tools for high-resolution genotyping of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in previous studies. However, the use of only five loci was insufficient for population genetic analysis of E. bieneusi from diverse hosts. In this study, comparison of a clinical genome sequence (C44566) with the whole genome sequence of an E. bieneusi isolate (H348) in GenBank led to the selection of the hypothetical protein 1 (hp1) and tubulin 1 (tub1) loci. Further analysis of the two loci with 156 E. bieneusi-positive samples showed high sequence polymorphisms in ITS Groups 1-6 and 10. Altogether, 30 and 23 sequence types were identified at hp1 and tub1, respectively. Genotyping based on the two loci confirmed the lack of genetic differentiation between Group 1 and Group 2 genotypes, as previously reported. Moreover, the genotypes in Groups 4 and 5 are more divergent from other genotypes within Groups 1-10. However, isolates in Group 11 and 12 could not be amplified at the hp1 and tub1 loci, supporting the previous conclusion of genetic uniqueness of the two genotype groups. The identified genetic markers and generated data could be used to develop a multilocus sequence typing tool for high-resolution genotyping of E. bieneusi, which would also have implications for understanding the taxonomy of Enterocytozoon spp., the public health significance of E. bieneusi in animals, and sources of E. bieneusi infections in humans.</p>","PeriodicalId":19796,"journal":{"name":"Parasite","volume":"32 ","pages":"6"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11784105/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143067122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into the genetic diversity and species distribution of Oswaldocruzia nematodes (Trichostrongylida: Molineidae) in Europe: apparent absence of geographic and population structuring in amphibians.","authors":"Kristián Gulyás, Monika Balogová, Natália Pipová, Petr Papežík, Dalibor Uhrovič, Peter Mikulíček, Tímea Brázová, Michal Benovics","doi":"10.1051/parasite/2025020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2025020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The genus Oswaldocruzia represents a taxonomically diverse group of nematodes with global distribution. Although Oswaldocruzia species are widespread and exhibit a remarkably wide host range in some species, their genetic diversity and biogeographic patterns remain poorly understood. This study investigated the genetic variability and distribution of Oswaldocruzia spp. in nine anuran species from the genera Bufo, Bufotes, Pelophylax, and Rana across Central Europe and the Balkans. Two species were identified: Oswaldocruzia filiformis and O. ukrainae, each exhibiting a different range of host associations. Phylogenetic analyses based on mitochondrial COI sequences revealed significant haplotype diversity in the generalist O. filiformis, with low geographic and host-associated genetic structuring. In contrast, O. ukrainae, which is closely associated with Bufotes viridis, exhibited only one genetic variant across all samples, highlighting its restricted genetic diversity. The findings emphasize contrasting genetic diversities among nematode parasites exhibiting different levels of host-specificity and expand the known distribution of O. filiformis into new regions of the Balkans. In addition, they highlight the need for additional studies on the ecological and evolutionary factors that influence the genetic diversity of parasites in amphibians.</p>","PeriodicalId":19796,"journal":{"name":"Parasite","volume":"32 ","pages":"27"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12021342/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144023065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Pentatrichomonas hominis and Tritrichomonas foetus in dogs and cats in Nanchang City, China.","authors":"Xin-Cheng Jiang, Tao Xiao, Lin-Feng Liu, Ying-Rui Ma, Shu-Ting Xiao, Jia-Jia Shi, Yang Zou, Xiao-Qing Chen","doi":"10.1051/parasite/2025016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2025016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tritrichomonas foetus and Pentatrichomonas hominis are two causative agents of trichomoniasis in dogs and cats, manifesting primarily through diarrhea symptoms. However, information on the prevalence and identification of T. foetus and P. hominis in dogs and cats in China is limited. Thus, to investigate the prevalence of trichomoniasis in dogs and cats in Nanchang city, South China, a total of 405 fecal samples were collected from 111 cats and 294 dogs. The presence of T. foetus and P. hominis were determined using the nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method, targeting the ITS1-5.8SrRNA-ITS2 of T. foetus, and 18SrRNA of P. hominis. The overall prevalence of T. foetus was 15.3% (62/405), with a prevalence of 5.8% (17/294) in dogs and 40.5% (45/111) in cats. The total prevalence of P. hominis was 17.3% (70/405), with a prevalence of 22.4% (66/294) in dogs and 3.6% (4/111) in cats. Statistical analysis revealed significant correlations between the prevalence of T. foetus and factors including breed, season and environmental conditions in dogs; in cats, there was a significant correlation with season, breeds and age. For P. hominis, the different sampling sites of dogs showed a significant correlation. Our results reveal that T. foetus is predominantly found in cats and P. hominis is predominantly found in dogs in Nanchang city. These findings contributed to effective prevention and control of trichomoniasis in dogs and cats in this region.</p>","PeriodicalId":19796,"journal":{"name":"Parasite","volume":"32 ","pages":"22"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11987504/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144037630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multifaceted taxonomy of two Dactylogyrus species on Enteromius paludinosus: Integrating light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and molecular approaches.","authors":"Mpho Maduenyane, Quinton Marco Dos Santos, Annemariè Avenant-Oldewage","doi":"10.1051/parasite/2024077","DOIUrl":"10.1051/parasite/2024077","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dactylogyrus Diesing, 1850 is the most speciose genus of platyhelminths with more than 900 species, and over a hundred species recorded from Africa. Of the latter, six are from the straightfin barb, Enteromius paludinosus (Peters). Dactylogyrus teresae Mashego, 1983 and Dactylogyrus dominici Mashego, 1983 were collected from E. paludinosus in the Vaal River system, Gauteng, South Africa and their taxonomic data revised using standard protocols and modern approaches, alongside the type material. Whole worms were mounted on glass slides with glycerine ammonium picrate (GAP) and studied using light microscopy (LM). For scanning electron microscopy (SEM), whole worms were placed on concavity slides and the soft tissue digested to release the sclerotised copulatory organs and haptoral sclerites. A combination of these approaches (LM and SEM) was employed for the first time to study the sclerotised structures of GAP-mounted material. Soft tissues of SEM analysed specimens were genetically characterised using CO1 mtDNA, 18S-ITS1-5.8S rDNA and partial 28S rDNA fragments. Phylogenetic topologies were constructed using Bayesian inference. Results confirmed the morphologic and genetic distinctness of D. dominici and D. teresae, highlighting the importance of studying the varying orientations of specifically the vagina and transverse bar. This study presents a new locality record, the first SEM study of isolated sclerotised structures, as well as the first molecular data for the Dactylogyrus afrobarbae-like species. The multifaceted approaches applied to the same specimen in this study enabled improved resolution of individual specimens, showing promise for studies where limited specimens are available.</p>","PeriodicalId":19796,"journal":{"name":"Parasite","volume":"32 ","pages":"5"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11784097/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143067125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and genotype analysis of Cryptosporidium spp. in nine species of wild rodents in China.","authors":"Zhen-Qiu Gao, Hai-Tao Wang, Jing-Hao Li, Yi-Xuan Song, Qing-Yu Hou, Si-Yuan Qin, He Ma, Quan Zhao, Ya Qin","doi":"10.1051/parasite/2025012","DOIUrl":"10.1051/parasite/2025012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cryptosporidium is a significant zoonotic parasite with broad distribution in both humans and rodents. In this study, 510 fecal samples were collected from nine species of wild rodents across Guangxi, Yunnan, and Hunan Provinces in China. Nested PCR analysis targeting the SSU rRNA gene revealed an overall Cryptosporidium infection rate of 1.8% (9/510) among rodents in these provinces. The highest positivity rate was observed in Guangxi Province at 4.9% (5/103), followed by Yunnan Province (2.3%, 2/88), and Hunan Province (0.6%, 2/319). Notably, Rattus losea exhibited the highest prevalence rate at 9.8% (4/41), while Rattus flavipectus and Niviventer lotipes showed rates of 5.1% (2/39) and 4.4% (1/23), respectively. Various genotypes/species were identified, including Cryptosporidium viatorum, Cryptosporidium muris, Cryptosporidium vole genotype VII, and Cryptosporidium ratti, rat genotypes II, and IV. The study also found that wild rodents inhabiting mountainous areas had a higher prevalence rate at 4.9% (5/103) compared to those residing in fields and lake beaches, where prevalence rates were 2.1% (2/95) and 0.6% (2/312), respectively. This study provides new insights into Cryptosporidium infection rates among wild rodents and identifies two zoonotic species, C. viatorum and C. muris. These findings underscore the potential risk posed by Chinese wild rodent populations in transmitting zoonotic Cryptosporidium, which could significantly impact public health. Therefore, effective control strategies are needed to prevent transmission between humans and rodents.</p>","PeriodicalId":19796,"journal":{"name":"Parasite","volume":"32 ","pages":"19"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11888585/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143575915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expansion of the known host range of Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. in captive wildlife at Beijing Zoo.","authors":"Qianming Zhao, Zhiyang Pei, Yongqiang He, Ting Jia, Yanzhen Zhang, Mengjun Zheng, Zhenjie Zhang, Meng Qi","doi":"10.1051/parasite/2024079","DOIUrl":"10.1051/parasite/2024079","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. are significant zoonotic parasites that cause diarrhea and affect a diverse range of hosts. This study aimed to investigate the infection rates of these parasites in captive wildlife at Beijing Zoo. A total of 445 fecal samples were collected and analyzed using PCR. The infection rate of G. duodenalis was 3.82% (17/445), with assemblage A (n = 1), assemblage B (n = 13), and assemblage E (n = 3) identified. The infection rate of Cryptosporidium spp. was 0.22% (1/445), with only one instance of C. ryanae identified from cattle (Bos taurus). To the best of our knowledge, this study enhances the understanding of the host range of G. duodenalis in captive wildlife within China, highlighting infections in Corsac Fox (Vulpes corsac), Indian Rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis), and Giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis). These findings indicate that the infection rates of G. duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. in captive wildlife at Beijing Zoo are low, while showing that the known host range of G. duodenalis is expanding.</p>","PeriodicalId":19796,"journal":{"name":"Parasite","volume":"32 ","pages":"4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11756238/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143024300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening for the ciliate Buxtonella sulcata in free-ranging dairy cattle on Terceira Island, Azores archipelago.","authors":"Mário Ribeiro, Sara Gomes-Gonçalves, Alexandra Silva, Guilherme Moreira, Eric Viscogliosi, Magali Chabé, João Rodrigo Mesquita","doi":"10.1051/parasite/2025014","DOIUrl":"10.1051/parasite/2025014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Buxtonella sulcata is an alveolate ciliate protist, historically considered a commensal of the gastrointestinal tract of cattle. Despite the fact that its cysts are morphologically identical to those of Balantioides coli, molecular identification techniques have shed new light on its role as a pathogen. This work aimed to assess the presence of this ciliate in the population of dairy cattle on the Azorean island of Terceira by means of molecular analyses (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rRNA) of stool samples. A total of 116 samples were collected from adult Holstein-Friesian dairy cows, with no signs of gastrointestinal disease. A proportion of 49.1% of the samples were PCR-positive for Bu. sulcata, and 12 different genetic sequences were identified. These findings highlight the need for future research concerning the factors that influence the presence of Bu. sulcata in the gastrointestinal tract of dairy cows, the role of bovines as possible sources of infection, and the impact this ciliate may have on the health, welfare, and productivity of these animals.</p>","PeriodicalId":19796,"journal":{"name":"Parasite","volume":"32 ","pages":"21"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11951862/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143731172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Culturable bacteria and fungi in Ixodes, Dermacentor, Amblyomma and Ornithodoros ticks.","authors":"Marjorie Bruley, Célia Pasternicki, Noor Fattar, Julien Amoros, Maxime Duhayon, Karen McCoy, Olivier Duron","doi":"10.1051/parasite/2025013","DOIUrl":"10.1051/parasite/2025013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ticks are ectoparasites harboring complex microbial communities, typically dominated by nutritional symbionts that produce B vitamins and sometimes including pathogens affecting human and animal health. However, ticks also host a variety of commensal microbes whose diversity remains poorly documented. In this study, we isolated and identified culturable bacteria and fungi associated with various tick species from the genera Ixodes, Dermacentor, Amblyomma, and Ornithodoros, collected from their natural habitats or hosts in France and French Guiana. A total of 111 bacterial and 27 fungal isolates were obtained which were then identified using both molecular and morphological approaches. Substantial fungal diversity was observed in a few ticks, whereas culturable bacteria displayed a broader distribution and diversity across tick species. Interestingly, the diversity of culturable bacteria and fungi revealed a microbiome structure that reflected the ecological niches of the tick host, indicating habitat-specific microbial associations and a potential ecological role in tick biology. The isolation of common gut bacteria of other arthropods, as well as the isolation of a viable entomopathogenic fungus, underscores the potential influence of these microbes on tick biology.</p>","PeriodicalId":19796,"journal":{"name":"Parasite","volume":"32 ","pages":"20"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11936413/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Blastocystis sp. infection in foxes (Alopex lagopus) in northern China.","authors":"Yan Tang, Hai-Tao Wang, Xue-Min Li, Zhong-Yuan Li, Qing-Yu Hou, Jing Jiang, Li-Hua Yang, Ya Qin","doi":"10.1051/parasite/2025010","DOIUrl":"10.1051/parasite/2025010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To examine the prevalence of E. bieneusi and Blastocystis sp. in foxes in China, this study analyzed the prevalence and distribution of genotypes or subtypes. A total of 352 fresh fecal samples were collected from foxes across five provinces in northern China and analyzed using PCR. The overall prevalences of E. bieneusi and Blastocystis sp. were 48.3% and 2.0%, respectively; the highest prevalences were found in Shandong Province, with 87.1% and 5.4%, respectively. The prevalence rates were influenced by several factors; a breeding scale value <1,500 was related to higher prevalences. Multivariate analysis showed that the region and breeding scale were the main risk factors for E. bieneusi. Eleven genotypes of E. bieneusi were identified, all of which are classified within Group 1. This includes five previously characterized genotypes and six novel genotypes. Among these, CHN-F1 was the predominant genotype, accounting for 67.7% of cases. Blastocystis sp. was detected with only one subtype (ST3), which represents the first report of this genotype in foxes. The identification of E. bieneusi in foxes and the first detection of the ST3 subtypes of Blastocystis sp. contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the epidemiology of these microeukaryotes. These findings suggest a potential pathway for the transmission of microeukaryotes from fox farms to human populations, underscoring the importance of monitoring the public health risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":19796,"journal":{"name":"Parasite","volume":"32 ","pages":"15"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11852784/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143493238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of schistosomiasis on the Global Disease Burden: a systematic analysis based on the 2021 Global Burden of Disease study.","authors":"Zhangzhou Shen, Houqiang Luo","doi":"10.1051/parasite/2025005","DOIUrl":"10.1051/parasite/2025005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease that causes a significant global burden. The aim of this study was to report the latest estimates of the global, regional, and national schistosomiasis disease burden and forecast changes in schistosomiasis-related disease burden. This work was based on the 2021 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study. We analyzed the schistosomiasis data by sex, age in years, and Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) region and country, using Age-Standardized Rates (ASR) for comparisons among different groups. The Estimated Annual Percent Changes (EAPC) analysis was used to evaluate the temporal trend of the disease burden, and the Differential Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) and Exponential Smoothing (ES) models were used to predict the disease burden from 2022 to 2046. In the GBD 2021 study, it was reported that compared to 1990, the number of deaths has decreased by 74,350, the prevalence number has increased by 1,482,260, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) have decreased by 1,770,436. Additionally, the age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) has decreased by 0.31 per 100,000 people, with an EAPC of -0.353 (95% CI: -0.361 to -0.344). Similarly, the age-standardized DALYs rate (ASDR) has decreased by 15.45 per 100,000 people (EAPC: -1.56, 95% CI: -1.78 to -1.34), and the age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR) has decreased by 559.64 per 100,000 people (EAPC: -0.63, 95% CI: -0.95 to -0.31). The regions and countries with the highest disease burden are mostly concentrated in Africa. Despite a general decline in global schistosomiasis burden indicators, the burden of disease has actually increased in high SDI areas. The ARIMA and ES models forecast results show that female mortality and ASMR will decline in the next 25 years, while male mortality and ASMR will remain stable, and other disease indicators will continue to decline. The global schistosomiasis burden has significantly decreased over the past 30 years, but it remains high in African regions and countries, as well as low-SDI areas. Effective cooperation among countries should be strengthened to improve the disease burden in high-burden areas and countries.</p>","PeriodicalId":19796,"journal":{"name":"Parasite","volume":"32 ","pages":"12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11843987/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143468782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}