Parasite最新文献

{"title":"Effects of forest structure on the endoparasitism in roe deer Capreolus capreolus.","authors":"Léa Bariod, Sonia Saïd, Hubert Ferté, Slimania Benabed, Hervé Bidault, Jeanne Duhayer, Sylvia Pardonnet, Gilles Bourgoin","doi":"10.1051/parasite/2025041","DOIUrl":"10.1051/parasite/2025041","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Parasitic infection by endoparasites is heterogeneous within a population. Such heterogeneity in parasitic status among individuals depends in particular on differences in their susceptibility to infection and in the habitats and resources used by the individuals. While several studies have aimed to identify individual factors and, mostly at large spatial scales, environmental factors that influence endoparasitism in wild populations, we aim in this study to investigate the influence of habitat quality (vegetation type, resource availability) on parasite burden within a population of roe deer living in a heterogeneous forest. We collected 1,469 fecal samples to measure the parasite burden on 952 roe deer captured between 1996 and 2020 in Chizé (France), a study site stratified into two contrasting sectors in terms of vegetation structure and resource quality. We quantified the effect of the sector on parasitism after considering the possible influences of age, sex, body mass and Julian date. The prevalence of parasitism was higher in individuals living in the poorer sector, but the intensity of the parasite burden was not influenced by the sector. These results suggest that within a host population, parasite infection risk would not be the same everywhere, probably due to differences in resource availability, vegetation species and density of host, showing the need to study parasitism at fine scales.</p>","PeriodicalId":19796,"journal":{"name":"Parasite","volume":"32 ","pages":"45"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12291545/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144708334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Blastocystis sp. infection in foxes (Alopex lagopus) in northern China.","authors":"Yan Tang, Hai-Tao Wang, Xue-Min Li, Zhong-Yuan Li, Qing-Yu Hou, Jing Jiang, Li-Hua Yang, Ya Qin","doi":"10.1051/parasite/2025010","DOIUrl":"10.1051/parasite/2025010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To examine the prevalence of E. bieneusi and Blastocystis sp. in foxes in China, this study analyzed the prevalence and distribution of genotypes or subtypes. A total of 352 fresh fecal samples were collected from foxes across five provinces in northern China and analyzed using PCR. The overall prevalences of E. bieneusi and Blastocystis sp. were 48.3% and 2.0%, respectively; the highest prevalences were found in Shandong Province, with 87.1% and 5.4%, respectively. The prevalence rates were influenced by several factors; a breeding scale value <1,500 was related to higher prevalences. Multivariate analysis showed that the region and breeding scale were the main risk factors for E. bieneusi. Eleven genotypes of E. bieneusi were identified, all of which are classified within Group 1. This includes five previously characterized genotypes and six novel genotypes. Among these, CHN-F1 was the predominant genotype, accounting for 67.7% of cases. Blastocystis sp. was detected with only one subtype (ST3), which represents the first report of this genotype in foxes. The identification of E. bieneusi in foxes and the first detection of the ST3 subtypes of Blastocystis sp. contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the epidemiology of these microeukaryotes. These findings suggest a potential pathway for the transmission of microeukaryotes from fox farms to human populations, underscoring the importance of monitoring the public health risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":19796,"journal":{"name":"Parasite","volume":"32 ","pages":"15"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11852784/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143493238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of schistosomiasis on the Global Disease Burden: a systematic analysis based on the 2021 Global Burden of Disease study.","authors":"Zhangzhou Shen, Houqiang Luo","doi":"10.1051/parasite/2025005","DOIUrl":"10.1051/parasite/2025005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease that causes a significant global burden. The aim of this study was to report the latest estimates of the global, regional, and national schistosomiasis disease burden and forecast changes in schistosomiasis-related disease burden. This work was based on the 2021 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study. We analyzed the schistosomiasis data by sex, age in years, and Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) region and country, using Age-Standardized Rates (ASR) for comparisons among different groups. The Estimated Annual Percent Changes (EAPC) analysis was used to evaluate the temporal trend of the disease burden, and the Differential Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) and Exponential Smoothing (ES) models were used to predict the disease burden from 2022 to 2046. In the GBD 2021 study, it was reported that compared to 1990, the number of deaths has decreased by 74,350, the prevalence number has increased by 1,482,260, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) have decreased by 1,770,436. Additionally, the age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) has decreased by 0.31 per 100,000 people, with an EAPC of -0.353 (95% CI: -0.361 to -0.344). Similarly, the age-standardized DALYs rate (ASDR) has decreased by 15.45 per 100,000 people (EAPC: -1.56, 95% CI: -1.78 to -1.34), and the age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR) has decreased by 559.64 per 100,000 people (EAPC: -0.63, 95% CI: -0.95 to -0.31). The regions and countries with the highest disease burden are mostly concentrated in Africa. Despite a general decline in global schistosomiasis burden indicators, the burden of disease has actually increased in high SDI areas. The ARIMA and ES models forecast results show that female mortality and ASMR will decline in the next 25 years, while male mortality and ASMR will remain stable, and other disease indicators will continue to decline. The global schistosomiasis burden has significantly decreased over the past 30 years, but it remains high in African regions and countries, as well as low-SDI areas. Effective cooperation among countries should be strengthened to improve the disease burden in high-burden areas and countries.</p>","PeriodicalId":19796,"journal":{"name":"Parasite","volume":"32 ","pages":"12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11843987/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143468782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of a new fish trypanosome from the large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) and description of its impact on host pathology, blood biochemical parameters and immune responses.","authors":"Xiaoao Yang, Pengzhi Qi, Zhen Tao, Qingwei Zhang, Yanjie Wang, Denghui Zhu, Xiaojun Yan, Peipei Fu, Baoying Guo","doi":"10.1051/parasite/2024078","DOIUrl":"10.1051/parasite/2024078","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study was to clarify the taxonomic identification of a hemoflagellate and assess the effect of trypanosome infection on Larimichthys crocea. Giemsa staining showed the presence of three morphotypes of trypomastigotes. The trypanosomes had the following morphological characteristics: a slender body with a long flagellum at the front; body size 12.30-30.90 × 1.13-2.33 μm; elongated oval nucleus situated in the median region; kinetoplast small, oval, located at the posterior end. The parasite had significant morphological differences from Trypanosoma epinepheli Su, Feng, Jiang, Guo, Liu & Xu, 2014 and Trypanosoma carassii (Mitrofanov) Doflein, 1901. The 18S rDNA sequences of the trypanosome from L. crocea had the highest homology (98.4%) with T. carassii. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the parasite clustered with freshwater fish trypanosomes. Based on the differences in morphological characteristics and molecular data, it is considered a new species, Trypanosoma larimichthysi n. sp. Trypanosome infection had no effect on the growth of L. crocea, but significantly increased the concentration of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and induced pathological changes in the gills, liver, spleen and kidney. The pro-inflammatory immune genes, including TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, CXCL8 and iNOS, were significantly upregulated in the L. crocea infected with trypanosomes. These results suggest that the trypanosome has negative impacts on host health.</p>","PeriodicalId":19796,"journal":{"name":"Parasite","volume":"32 ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11752739/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143009491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monogeneans on exotic Indian freshwater fish. 8. Co-translocation of Cichlidogyrus tilapiae (Monogenea, Dactylogyridae) with pindani Chindongo socolofi (Cichliformes, Cichlidae): first report of this parasite genus in India within aquarium trade facilities.","authors":"Amit Tripathi, Chawan Matey, Antoine Pariselle, Maarten P M Vanhove","doi":"10.1051/parasite/2025046","DOIUrl":"10.1051/parasite/2025046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The pindani, Chindongo socolofi (Cichliformes, Cichlidae) is a popular freshwater ornamental fish from Lake Malawi in Africa. Although identifying parasites associated with the global ornamental fish trade is critical for developing biosecurity practices, little is known about the parasite fauna of C. socolofi. Therefore, this study sought to determine what monogenean parasites C. socolofi harbours in India. Adult specimens of this host species were collected from various aquarium shops across the country between 2020 and 2022, and their gills were subjected to parasitological examination. Monogeneans were detected in five host specimens (22.7%) with low mean intensities (6.2 ± 3.8). They were identified as Cichlidogyrus tilapiae (Monogenea: Dactylogyridae) based on the presence of the following morphometric characteristics: two pairs of anchors, two auricles on the dorsal bar, a V-shaped ventral bar, and an accessory piece with a folded rim and a bent bifurcated tip. The morphological identification was confirmed by the sequence analysis of the specimen's 18S-ITS1 gene regions and 28S rRNA genes to C. tilapiae from Paratilapia polleni (Cichliformes, Cichlidae) in Madagascar. This article is the first report on a species of Cichlidogyrus in India, found in aquarium shops, contributing to the growing list of known freshwater monogeneans that are being distributed globally via the ornamental fish trade. Additionally, it adds a new host species (C. socolofi) and geographic location (India, within aquarium trade) to the existing knowledge of C. tilapiae, a widespread and often co-introduced tropical fish parasite.</p>","PeriodicalId":19796,"journal":{"name":"Parasite","volume":"32 ","pages":"47"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12306930/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144743919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reverse vaccinology for hookworms: a rational selection of vaccinable antigens against parasitic nematodes.","authors":"Javier Sotillo, Mónica Quinzo, Juan José García, Antonio J Martín-Galiano","doi":"10.1051/parasite/2025025","DOIUrl":"10.1051/parasite/2025025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Reverse vaccinology is a time- and cost-effective approach to identify potential vaccinable antigens for further in vivo experimental validation. Despite its wide application to multiple organisms, the use of in silico vaccine development tools to parasitic nematodes has been limited. Herein, we have used the rodent hookworm Nippostrongylus brasiliensis as a mouse model for the human hookworm Necator americanus to identify potential vaccine candidates against the latter. Our strategy combined advanced bioinformatic evaluations with knowledge-based criteria. A cumulative rating of antigenic properties was performed resulting in a global prioritization scoring for an updated N. brasiliensis proteome of 22,796 proteins assigned. Evaluation criteria included homology to the human counterpart N. americanus, absence of mammalian homologs, cellular location by computational predictors, as well as mass spectrometry data, proteolytic activity of the evaluated protein within the parasite, presence of conserved domains, predicted humoral epitopes, and MHC class II epitope population coverage. To assign one global score representing these characteristics, cumulative scoring was performed. This analysis provided a group of 56 potential candidates, including 11 proteins associated with parasite survival and establishment. Remarkably, the second highest score was assigned to an aspartic protease homologous of the N. americanus vaccine-candidate Na-APR-1, which supports the relevance of this approach. Allergenicity and toxicity of the selected molecules were also predicted to anticipate side effects of future candidates. This comprehensive approach provides valuable insights for the rational design of new vaccines against N. americanus, the results of which, however, must be validated in vivo.</p>","PeriodicalId":19796,"journal":{"name":"Parasite","volume":"32 ","pages":"32"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12133094/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144216525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated evidence reveals a new subspecies of the genus Seuratascaris (Nematoda: Ascaridomorpha), with characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome.","authors":"Xiao-Hong Gu, Jia-Tong Mu, Hui-Xia Chen, Liang Li","doi":"10.1051/parasite/2025008","DOIUrl":"10.1051/parasite/2025008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Species of Seuratascaris Sprent, 1985 are a rarely reported group of ascaridoid nematodes, parasitising various frogs and toads. In the present study, a new subspecies of Seuratascaris, S. physalis bazhaiensis n. subsp. was described using integrated taxonomic methods, based on specimens collected from Odorrana graminea (Anura: Ranidae) in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. Results of the Assemble Species by Automatic Partitioning (ASAP) and Bayesian inference based on the mitochondrial cox1, cox2 and rrnS data all supported S. physalis bazhaiensis representing a distinct taxon from the nominate subspecies S. physalis physalis. Supplementary morphometric and genetic data of S. phy. physalis are presented based on newly collected material from Odorrana tiannanensis (Anura: Ranidae) and Rhacophorus sp. (Anura: Rhacophoridae) in Yunnan Province, China. A key to species of Seuratascaris is provided. The complete mitochondrial genome of S. physalis bazhaiensis was sequenced and annotated, and represents the first mitogenomic data for the genus Seuratascaris. This mitogenome has only 13,628 bp (including 12 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNAs, and only 1 non-coding region), and is the smallest of the reported ascaridoid mitogenomes so far.</p>","PeriodicalId":19796,"journal":{"name":"Parasite","volume":"32 ","pages":"14"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11852783/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143493251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of COVID-19 restrictions on incidence of gastrointestinal protozoal infections in Mexico and their association with environmental and socioeconomic risk factors.","authors":"Lissethe Palomo-Ligas, Filiberto Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez","doi":"10.1051/parasite/2025049","DOIUrl":"10.1051/parasite/2025049","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gastrointestinal infections caused by protozoan parasites remain a significant public health concern worldwide, particularly during the health crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, which led to severe economic and social crisis that highlighted the inadequacy of healthcare services in many countries. In this study, we analyzed changes in the incidence of cases of amebiasis, giardiasis, and other gastrointestinal protozoal infections before (2017-2019) and during (2020-2022) the pandemic. Our findings indicate a decrease in the incidence of these infections, with no significant variations in incidence by gender or age, and a higher incidence during months with elevated temperature and humidity. Sociodemographic factors, including residence in homes with earthen floors, poverty, limited access to healthcare services, inadequate nutrition, unemployment, and overcrowded living conditions, were associated with an increased risk of infection. Additionally, our results highlight the impact of public health policies on disease control, demonstrating that COVID-19 containment measures - such as international travel restrictions, workplace closures, event cancellations, stay-at-home mandates, and enhanced hand hygiene - also contributed to reducing parasitic infections. The persistent prevalence of protozoal infections in both periods underscores the urgent need to improve sanitation, personal hygiene, and public health education, particularly in developing countries, to mitigate their high burden.</p>","PeriodicalId":19796,"journal":{"name":"Parasite","volume":"32 ","pages":"52"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12364438/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144883409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"16S rDNA-based detection technology: use in lambs infected with Nematodirus oiratianus to analyze changes in intestinal flora.","authors":"Si-Yao Li, Bin Hou, Qiqige Wuyun, Zhula Eerdeni, Dare Zang, Surong Hasi","doi":"10.1051/parasite/2025052","DOIUrl":"10.1051/parasite/2025052","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The nematode Nematodirus oiratianus is associated with major economic losses in the livestock industry, as it is a common gastrointestinal parasites of cattle, sheep, and other ruminants. These parasites primarily obtain nutrients by consuming the blood of their host. This study aimed to investigate changes in the intestinal microbiota of lambs infected with N. oiratianus before and after infection, using 16S rDNA sequencing technology. We aimed to reveal the impact of N. oiratianus infection on lamb intestinal microecology and to provide scientific evidence for the prevention and control of related diseases. Compared with the infected group, the control group had more bacterial species. Chao, Ace, and Shannon indices were significantly lower in the infected group (p < 0.05), while the Simpson index showed no significant difference (p > 0.05). These findings collectively indicate significant divergence in the composition of bacterial taxa between the infected and control groups. The phylum with the highest relative abundance in both groups was Firmicutes, followed by Bacteroidetes. Linear Discriminant Analysis Effect Size (LEfSe) identified significantly enriched taxa, including Proteobacteria, Bacteroides, and Campylobacteria in the control group, and Clostridiales, Firmicutes, and Ruminococcaceae in the infected group. Functional predictions indicated that the altered microbiota was associated with metabolic pathways such as carbohydrate, amino acid, and vitamin metabolism. Infection with N. oiratianus led to significant alterations in the diversity and composition of the intestinal microbiota in lambs.</p>","PeriodicalId":19796,"journal":{"name":"Parasite","volume":"32 ","pages":"58"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12435810/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145070288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stylopization by Xenos spp. (Xenidae, Strepsiptera) in invasive alien hornet, Vespa velutina, in South Korea.","authors":"Il-Kwon Kim, Chang-Jun Kim, Jeong-Hwan Choi, Hyun Jun Kang, Moon Bo Choi","doi":"10.1051/parasite/2025004","DOIUrl":"10.1051/parasite/2025004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The invasive hornet Vespa velutina Lepeletier, which first invaded South Korea in 2003, has spread throughout the country, significantly affecting apiaries, ecosystems, and human health. Xenos spp. (Xenidae, Strepsiptera) are primarily parasitic to social wasps, with V. analis being the only known host in Korea. Until recently, no parasites or parasitoids on V. velutina had been discovered. In 2020, strepsipteran parasites were discovered on 11 hornet workers in Andong City, South Korea. These parasites, comprising four larvae and seven pupae, were all male, except for one individual of an undetermined sex. Molecular analysis and morphological examination identified the parasites as Xenos moutoni (du Buysson, 1903) and X. oxyodontes Nakase & Kato, 2013. This marks the first recorded instance of strepsipteran parasites on V. velutina in regions invaded by this hornet. Although the exact infection rate of these parasites could not be determined, it appears that native strepsipteran parasites have adapted to a non-native Vespa species. Stylopization, the condition caused by these parasites, is known to negatively affect hornet colonies: infected workers do not contribute to nest activities, hindering nest development, and infected reproductive individuals (males and new queens) do not mate, which impedes the establishment of new colonies. However, due to the hornet's high reproductive rate and compensatory mechanisms, the overall control effect of the parasites is likely to be minor.</p>","PeriodicalId":19796,"journal":{"name":"Parasite","volume":"32 ","pages":"10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11832165/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143441255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}