ParasitePub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2023014
Sofian Ouass, Nathalie Boulanger, Benjamin Lelouvier, Jean-Louis-Marie Insonere, Camille Lacroux, Sabrina Krief, Edward Asalu, Nil Rahola, Olivier Duron
{"title":"Diversity and phylogeny of the tick-borne bacterial genus Candidatus Allocryptoplasma (Anaplasmataceae).","authors":"Sofian Ouass, Nathalie Boulanger, Benjamin Lelouvier, Jean-Louis-Marie Insonere, Camille Lacroux, Sabrina Krief, Edward Asalu, Nil Rahola, Olivier Duron","doi":"10.1051/parasite/2023014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2023014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The family Anaplasmataceae includes tick-borne bacteria of major public and veterinary health interest, as best illustrated by members of the genera Anaplasma and Ehrlichia. Recent epidemiological surveys have also reported on the presence of a novel putative genus in the Anaplasmataceae, Candidatus Allocryptoplasma, previously described as Candidatus Cryptoplasma in the western black-legged tick, Ixodes pacificus. However, the genetic diversity of Ca. Allocryptoplasma and its phylogenetic relationship with other Anaplasmataceae remain unclear. In this study, we developed a multi-locus sequence typing approach, examining the DNA sequence variation at five genes of Ca. Allocryptoplasma found in ticks. Combining this multi-locus sequence typing and genetic data available on public databases, we found that substantial genetic diversity of Ca. Allocryptoplasma is present in Ixodes, Amblyomma and Haemaphysalis spp. ticks on most continents. Further analyses confirmed that the Ca. Allocryptoplasma of ticks, the Ca. Allocryptoplasma of lizards and some Anaplasma-like bacteria of wild mice cluster into a monophyletic genus, divergent from all other genera of the family Anaplasmataceae. Candidatus Allocryptoplasma appears as a sister genus of Anaplasma and, with the genera Ehrlichia and Neoehrlichia, they form a monophyletic subgroup of Anaplasmataceae associated with tick-borne diseases. The detection of genetically distinct Ca. Allocryptoplasma in ticks of significant medical or veterinary interest supports the hypothesis that it is an emergent genus of tick-borne pathogens of general concern.</p>","PeriodicalId":19796,"journal":{"name":"Parasite","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10171070/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9450780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Seroepidemiology of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women and detection of infection acquired during pregnancy in Cotonou, Benin.","authors":"Richard Amagbégnon, Celia Dechavanne, Magalie Dambrun, Urielle Yehouénou, Noé Akondé, Florence Migot-Nabias, Aretas Babatoundé Nounnagnon Tonouhéwa, Azra Hamidović, Nadine Fievet, Angéline Tonato-Bagnan, Aurore Ogouyemi-Hounto, Maroufou Jules Alao, Marie-Laure Dardé, Aurélien Mercier, Dorothée Kindé-Gazard","doi":"10.1051/parasite/2023040","DOIUrl":"10.1051/parasite/2023040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Assessing the prevalence of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women and the associated risk factors is the first step in defining policy for the prevention of congenital toxoplasmosis in a given population. An epidemiological study was conducted during prenatal consultations at the CHU-MEL of Cotonou (Benin) between September 2018 and April 2021 and recruited 549 pregnant women to determine the seroprevalence and potential factors associated with Toxoplasma gondii infection. Toxoplasma gondii IgG/IgM antibodies were detected using an enzyme-linked fluorescence assay (ELFA) technique, an IgG avidity test and an IgG/IgM comparative Western blot to diagnose the maternal toxoplasmosis serological status, the possibility of an infection acquired during pregnancy and congenital infection, respectively. Concomitantly, the participants answered a questionnaire investigating potential risk factors. Toxoplasmosis seroprevalence was estimated at 44.4% (95% CI 40.3-48.6) and the factors significantly associated with T. gondii seropositivity were: age over 30 years, multigravid women and contact with cats. The possibility of an infection acquired during the periconceptional period or the first trimester of pregnancy concerned six women [1.1% (95% CI 0.5-2.0)]. However, due to the low rate of serological controls in seronegative women, a significant proportion of women first tested during the 3rd trimester of pregnancy, and an insufficient sample size, the incidence of primary infection during pregnancy could not be determined. No cases of congenital transmission occurred in the newborns from the suspected cases of primary infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":19796,"journal":{"name":"Parasite","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10586240/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49680768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ParasitePub Date : 2023-01-01Epub Date: 2023-10-23DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2023045
Martina Orosová, Anna Marková, Magda Zrzavá, František Marec, Mikuláš Oros
{"title":"Chromosome analysis and the occurrence of B chromosomes in fish parasite Acanthocephalus anguillae (Palaeacanthocephala: Echinorhynchida).","authors":"Martina Orosová, Anna Marková, Magda Zrzavá, František Marec, Mikuláš Oros","doi":"10.1051/parasite/2023045","DOIUrl":"10.1051/parasite/2023045","url":null,"abstract":"The cytogenetics of Acanthocephala is a neglected area in the study of this group of endoparasites. Chromosome number and/or karyotypes are known for only 12 of the 1,270 described species, and molecular cytogenetic data are limited to rDNA mapping in two species. The standard karyological technique and mapping of 18S rRNA and H3 histone genes on the chromosomes of Acanthocephalus anguillae individuals from three populations, one of which originated from the unfavorable environmental conditions of the Zemplínska Šírava reservoir in eastern Slovakia, were applied for the first time. All specimens had 2n = 7/8 (male/female); n = 1m + 1m-sm + 1a + 1a (X). Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) revealed three loci of 18S rDNA on two autosomes and dispersion of H3 histone genes on all autosomes and the X chromosome. In addition to the standard A chromosome set, 34% of specimens from Zemplínska Šírava possessed a small acrocentric B chromosome, which was always found to be univalent, with no pairing observed between the B chromosome and the A complement. The B chromosome had a small amount of heterochromatin in the centromeric and telomeric regions of the chromosomal arms and showed two clusters of H3 genes. It is well known that an environment permanently polluted with chemicals leads to an increased incidence of chromosomal rearrangements. As a possible scenario for the B chromosome origin, we propose chromosomal breaks due to the mutagenic effect of pollutants in the aquatic environment. The results are discussed in comparison with previous chromosome data from Echinorhynchida species.","PeriodicalId":19796,"journal":{"name":"Parasite","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10592040/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49691742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Prevalence and distribution of subtypes of Blastocystis in Asiatic brush-tailed porcupines (Atherurus macrourus), bamboo rats (Rhizomys pruinosus), and masked palm civets (Paguma larvata) farmed in Hainan, China.","authors":"Wei Zhao, Yun Zhang, Jiaqi Li, Guangxu Ren, Yu Qiang, Yuan Wang, Xiuyi Lai, Sheng Lei, Rui Liu, Yuankun Chen, Huicong Huang, Wenting Li, Gang Lu, Feng Tan","doi":"10.1051/parasite/2023048","DOIUrl":"10.1051/parasite/2023048","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Blastocystis sp. is an important gastrointestinal parasite with global distribution, prevalent in humans, farmed animals, and wildlife. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence and genetic diversity of Blastocystis sp. in Asiatic brush-tailed porcupines (Atherurus macrourus), bamboo rats (Rhizomys pruinosus), and masked palm civets (Paguma larvata) in Hainan Province, China. A total of 900 fecal samples were collected from three farmed animal species including 257 porcupines, 360 rats, and 283 civets. Genomic DNA was extracted from each fecal sample and Blastocystis sp. was detected by PCR at the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene. A phylogenetic tree was constructed using the maximum likelihood method. Blastocystis sp. was detected in 47 (5.2%) fecal samples: 12 (4.7%) Asiatic brush-tailed porcupines, 8 (2.2%) bamboo rats, and 27 (9.5%) masked palm civets. Three known Blastocystis sp. subtypes, including ST1, ST4, ST5, and one unnamed subtype (unST), were found in one, 19, 26, and one animal, respectively. Subtypes ST4 and unST were detected in porcupines, ST4 in rats, and ST1 and ST5 in civets. Our results suggest that the three farmed animal species reported in this study could serve as reservoirs for potentially zoonotic Blastocystis sp. subtypes and transmit this parasite to humans, other farmed animals, and wildlife.</p>","PeriodicalId":19796,"journal":{"name":"Parasite","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10624160/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71425826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ParasitePub Date : 2023-01-01Epub Date: 2023-11-15DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2023046
Fabian Gstöttenmayer, Percy Moyaba, Montse Rodriguez, Fernando C Mulandane, Hermógenes N Mucache, Luis Neves, Chantel De Beer, Sophie Ravel, Thierry De Meeûs, Robert L Mach, Marc J B Vreysen, Adly M M Abd-Alla
{"title":"Correction Notice to: Development and characterization of microsatellite markers for the tsetse species Glossina brevipalpis and preliminary population genetics analyses - Parasite 30, 34 (2023), https://doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2023038.","authors":"Fabian Gstöttenmayer, Percy Moyaba, Montse Rodriguez, Fernando C Mulandane, Hermógenes N Mucache, Luis Neves, Chantel De Beer, Sophie Ravel, Thierry De Meeûs, Robert L Mach, Marc J B Vreysen, Adly M M Abd-Alla","doi":"10.1051/parasite/2023046","DOIUrl":"10.1051/parasite/2023046","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19796,"journal":{"name":"Parasite","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10652812/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134649506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ParasitePub Date : 2023-01-01Epub Date: 2023-12-20DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2023058
Marie-Claude Durette-Desset, María Celina Digiani
{"title":"Revision of the genera of Heligmonellidae (Nematoda, Heligmosomoidea), parasitic in Muridae from New Guinea.","authors":"Marie-Claude Durette-Desset, María Celina Digiani","doi":"10.1051/parasite/2023058","DOIUrl":"10.1051/parasite/2023058","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Up to now, 24 genera of Nematoda belonging to the Nippostrongylinae (Heligmonellidae) have been reported from New Guinean murid rodents. Nine of these genera have been reviewed in previous works. In the present work, another 11 genera are re-examined on morphological characters mainly corresponding to the synlophe and to a lesser degree to the bursa. This re-examination leads us to recognize three valid genera: Melomystrongylus, Pogonomystrongylus and Nugininema. The remaining genera appear to us insufficiently described or seem to involve more than one taxon; we consider them genera inquirenda. These are: Mawsonema, Montistrongylus, Parvinema, Missimstrongylus, Flannerystrongylus, Helgenema and Paramelomystrongylus. The genus Rodentanema does not belong to the Nippostrongylinae but to the Herpetostrongylidae (Heligmosomoidea). In addition to the three genera recognized herein, nine other genera of Nippostrongylinae are present in New Guinea: Equilophos, Hasanuddinia, Hasegawanema, Hughjonestrongylus, Lesleyella, Macrostrongylus, Nippostrongylus, Parasabanema and Sanduanensis. Several species attributed to the genera Bunomystrongylus, Chisholmia, Odilia and Sabanema are insufficiently described and their generic assignment could not be rectified or ratified. Consequently, the presence of these latter genera in New Guinean rodents remains unconfirmed, until more complete descriptions or illustrations are provided.</p>","PeriodicalId":19796,"journal":{"name":"Parasite","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10732140/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138796314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ParasitePub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2023001
Claudia Gérard, Youna De Tombeur, Maxime Dahirel, Armelle Ansart
{"title":"Land snails can trap trematode cercariae in their shell: Encapsulation as a general response against parasites?","authors":"Claudia Gérard, Youna De Tombeur, Maxime Dahirel, Armelle Ansart","doi":"10.1051/parasite/2023001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2023001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Terrestrial gastropods are hosts of a wide variety of metazoan parasites and can respond to parasite exposure in various ways. One of these defence mechanisms, the ability to trap parasites in the host shell, was previously thought to apply only against nematodes. During a field survey along an urbanisation gradient, we found that the shell of Cornu aspersum and Cepaea nemoralis can contain encapsulated trematode cercariae, with prevalences of 7% and 1%, respectively over the entire sample, and up to 47% at the local population level. To our knowledge, this is the first case study unambiguously showing that land snails can trap non-nematode parasites in their shell at non-negligible prevalences. Shell-encapsulation could be a more general defence mechanism than previously described, and more studies are needed to understand its importance and variability.</p>","PeriodicalId":19796,"journal":{"name":"Parasite","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9879143/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9197461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ParasitePub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2023017
Martin Peju, Bérangère Granier, Cécile Garnaud, Marie-Pierre Brenier-Pinchart, Isabelle Vallée, Aurélie Chevillot, Charlotte Mérel, Fanny Chereau, Muriel Deher, Olivier Rogeaux, Hélène Yera
{"title":"A Trichinella britovi outbreak in the Northern Alps of France: investigation by a local survey network.","authors":"Martin Peju, Bérangère Granier, Cécile Garnaud, Marie-Pierre Brenier-Pinchart, Isabelle Vallée, Aurélie Chevillot, Charlotte Mérel, Fanny Chereau, Muriel Deher, Olivier Rogeaux, Hélène Yera","doi":"10.1051/parasite/2023017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2023017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We describe a small family outbreak of trichinellosis caused by the consumption of raw ham from a wild boar (Sus scrofa) hunted in the northern Alps of France in February 2022. Out of the six people, aged 3-69 years, who consumed the meat, three were confirmed cases, and three were suspected cases. Eosinophilia detected in four people was the hallmark that drove the diagnosis. Three patients presented with myalgia, two with intense and prolonged chest pain, and one with elevated troponin. One patient presented with dermographism during treatment. Anti-Trichinella IgG were detected in three symptomatic individuals after about ten weeks. One patient had negative serology and no symptoms, but was on long-term corticosteroid therapy. Trichinella britovi larvae (8.3 larvae/g) were detected in the wild boar meat remnants. Trichinellosis is rare in France, but this family outbreak is reminiscent of the circulation of this pathogen in wild animals, highlighting the need to inform hunters about the risk of infection linked to the consumption of raw meat of game animals, and about the need for veterinary inspection of game meat. The consumption of raw meat outside controlled circuits is a practice not devoid of risks, which justifies raising the awareness of hunters, doctors, and medical biologists.</p>","PeriodicalId":19796,"journal":{"name":"Parasite","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10177977/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9451790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ParasitePub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2023019
Rafael Argilés-Herrero, Gustavo Salvador-Herranz, Andrew G Parker, Mario Zacarés, Assane G Fall, Adji M Gaye, Arooj Nawaz, Peter Takáč, Marc J B Vreysen, Chantel J de Beer
{"title":"Near-infrared imaging for automated tsetse pupae sex sorting in support of the sterile insect technique.","authors":"Rafael Argilés-Herrero, Gustavo Salvador-Herranz, Andrew G Parker, Mario Zacarés, Assane G Fall, Adji M Gaye, Arooj Nawaz, Peter Takáč, Marc J B Vreysen, Chantel J de Beer","doi":"10.1051/parasite/2023019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2023019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tsetse flies are the cyclical vectors of African trypanosomes and one of several methods to manage this vector is the sterile insect technique (SIT). The ability to determine the sex of tsetse pupae with the objective to separate the sexes before adult emergence has been a major goal for decades for tsetse management programmes with an SIT component. Tsetse females develop faster and pharate females inside the pupae melanise 1-2 days before males. This earlier melanisation can be detected by infrared cameras through the pupal shell, and the newly developed Near InfraRed Pupae Sex Sorter (NIRPSS) takes advantage of this. The melanisation process is not homogeneous for all fly organs and the pupa needs to be examined ventrally, dorsally and laterally to ensure accurate classification by an image analysis algorithm. When the pupae are maturing at a constant temperature of 24 °C and sorted at the appropriate age, 24 days post-larviposition for Glossina palpalis gambiensis, the sorting machine can efficiently separate the sexes. The recovered male pupae can then be sterilised for field releases of males, while the rest of the pupae can be used to maintain the laboratory colony. The sorting process with the new NIRPSS had no negative impact on adult emergence and flight ability. A mean male recovery of 62.82 ± 3.61% was enough to provide sterile males to an operational SIT programme, while mean contamination with females (4.69 ± 3.02%) was low enough to have no impact on the maintenance of a laboratory colony.</p>","PeriodicalId":19796,"journal":{"name":"Parasite","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10191111/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9491252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}