Parasites & Vectors最新文献

{"title":"An indirect ELISA for the detection of antibodies against Dirofilaria spp. in cats.","authors":"Lívia Perles, Mariaelisa Carbonara, Jairo Alfonso Mendoza-Roldan, Luigi Venco, Simona Gabrielli, Domenico Otranto","doi":"10.1186/s13071-024-06657-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13071-024-06657-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dirofilaria immitis and D. repens are mosquito-borne filaroids that primarily infect dogs but also cats. Diagnosing feline dirofilariosis is challenging because of the low parasitic burdens and transient or absent microfilaremia. To improve detection of antibodies against Dirofilaria spp. in cats, an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using somatic antigens of D. immitis was standardized.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Serum samples from cats positive for D. immitis, D. repens, bronchopulmonary metastrongylids and gastrointestinal helminths as well as negative sera were tested to evaluate the sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp). Three different antigen concentrations (2, 3 and 4 μg/ml) and two concentrations of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) IgG anti-cat conjugate (1:10,000 and 1:20,000) were used to screen the optimal titration of the test. Once the best conditions were established, Se and Sp were assessed by testing 151 serum samples positive for D. immitis, D. repens and other parasites (i.e. feline lungworms, gastrointestinal helminths) or negative.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The optimized ELISA showed 89% Se and 98% Sp in detecting D. immitis infections, presenting a cross-reactivity with D. repens. A cut-off point of 1.150 was established to classify positive and negative samples.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The developed ELISA may improve the detection of antibodies against Dirofilaria spp. in cats, also in epidemiological contexts characterized by multiple helminth infections. Future efforts will focus on reducing the cross-reactivity with D. repens, therefore increasing ELISA Sp.</p>","PeriodicalId":19793,"journal":{"name":"Parasites & Vectors","volume":"18 1","pages":"16"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11744980/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143009386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First evidence of transovarial transmission of Kyasanur Forest disease virus in Haemaphysalis and Rhipicephalus ticks in the wild.","authors":"Sarah J Burthe, Bhimanagoud Kumbar, Stefanie M Schäfer, Bethan V Purse, Abi T Vanak, Natrajan Balakrishnan, Richard Hassall, Subhash L Hoti, Darshan Narayanaswamy, Santoshkumar Potadar, Mujeeb Rahman, Mohammed Mudassar Chanda","doi":"10.1186/s13071-024-06643-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13071-024-06643-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Kyasanur forest disease virus (KFDV) is a tick-borne flavivirus causing debilitating and potentially fatal disease in people in the Western Ghats region of India. The transmission cycle is complex, involving multiple vector and host species, but there are significant gaps in ecological knowledge. Empirical data on pathogen-vector-host interactions and incrimination have not been updated since the last century, despite significant local changes in land use and the expansion of KFD to new areas. Mathematical models predict that transovarial transmission, whereby adult female ticks pass KFDV infections to their offspring, plays an important role in the persistence of KFD, but this has not been shown in the wild. Here we set out to establish whether transovarial transmission of KFDV was occurring under natural field conditions by assessing whether host-seeking larvae were positive for KFDV.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ticks were sampled by dragging and flagging across a broad range of habitats within the agro-forest matrix at 49 sites in two districts: Shivamogga, Karnataka and Wayanad, Kerala (September 2018-March 2019), and larvae were tested for KFDV by PCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, larval ticks from 7 of the 49 sites sampled tested positive for KFDV, indicating that transovarial transmission is occurring. Of the 13 KFDV-positive larval samples, 3 came from around houses and gardens, 5 from crops (3 from harvested rice paddy and 2 from areca plantation), 1 from teak plantation and 4 (2 from 1 transect) from forests. Five different tick species were found to have KFDV-positive larvae: Haemaphysalis spinigera, H. bispinosa, Rhipicephalus annulatus, R. microplus and an unidentifiable species of Haemaphysalis (no close match in GenBank).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our empirical confirmation of transovarial transmission has important implications for understanding and predicting KFD dynamics, suggesting that ticks may act as a reservoir for KFDV. Moreover, small mammals and cattle may play crucial roles in transmission if small mammals are the main hosts for larvae infected via transovarial transmission, and cattle support large numbers of infected female adult ticks. This first report of transovarial transmission of KFDV, and within a hitherto undescribed range of vectors and habitats, will help disease managers improve KFD surveillance and mitigation strategies, ultimately leading to communities becoming more resilient to the risk of this tick-transmitted disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":19793,"journal":{"name":"Parasites & Vectors","volume":"18 1","pages":"14"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11740564/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143009484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A preliminary account of Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from the Andaman and Nicobar Islands with 13 new records and updated species inventory from India.","authors":"Koustav Mukherjee, Surajit Kar, Atanu Naskar, Chandrakasan Sivaperuman, Dhriti Banerjee","doi":"10.1186/s13071-024-06614-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13071-024-06614-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The detection of multiple bluetongue virus serotypes, increasing trend in livestock density, rich biological diversity with high endemism, and the status of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands as a popular tourist destination underscore the need for a faunistic survey of medically and veterinary significant vector species, specifically Culicoides, in this region. Moreover, scattered information on Indian Culicoides species complicates the planning and implementation of preventive measures for pathogens transmitted by these vectors. This study aims to provide the first comprehensive account of the Culicoides fauna in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India, along with an updated checklist of Indian Culicoides species and their state-wise distribution.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Surveys were conducted across various habitats in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands in September 2022 and 2023. Midges were collected using CDC light traps, light sheets, Malaise traps, and manual collection from exposed body parts of the author and volunteers (biting collection). Identification was carried out using relevant taxonomic keys and original descriptions. Additionally, an updated checklist of Indian Culicoides, based on published and grey literature from 1910 to the present, is provided, with an emphasis on their potential role in pathogen transmission.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 3529 adult Culicoides were trapped during the survey, representing 5 subgenera and 3 unplaced species groups. The study recorded 23 Culicoides species, including 13 new species records for India: C. barnetti, C. gouldi, C. flaviscutellaris, C. flavipunctatus, C. hui, C. histrio, C. guttifer, C. perornatus, C. okinawensis, C. quatei, C. obscurus, C. coronalis, and C. kusaiensis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The Indian Culicoides fauna now includes 93 valid species, with many of them recognized as confirmed or potential vectors of important pathogens of animal health. The enriched species composition highlights the importance of systematic surveys in this island ecosystem and the need to determine the role of midges, if any, in pathogen transmission.</p>","PeriodicalId":19793,"journal":{"name":"Parasites & Vectors","volume":"18 1","pages":"15"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11740402/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143009447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Morphological and molecular characterization of a Sarcocystis bovifelis-like sarcocyst in American beef.","authors":"Aditya Gupta, Larissa S de Araujo, Andrew Hemphill, Asis Khan, Benjamin M Rosenthal, Jitender P Dubey","doi":"10.1186/s13071-025-06665-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-025-06665-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19793,"journal":{"name":"Parasites & Vectors","volume":"18 1","pages":"11"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11740513/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143009457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of Southeast Asian Anopheles mosquito species with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry using a cross-correlation approach.","authors":"Victor Chaumeau, Sunisa Sawasdichai, Thu Zar Ma Ma Moe Min, Thithiwarada Kularbkeeree, Naw Jaruwan, Naw Gloria, Naw Yu Lee, Muesuwa Trackoolchengkaew, Monticha Phanaphadungtham, Patcharamai Rongthong, Aritsara Inta, Wanitda Watthanaworawit, François Nosten","doi":"10.1186/s13071-024-06655-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13071-024-06655-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is proposed for mosquito species identification. The absence of public repositories sharing mass spectra and open-source data analysis pipelines for fingerprint matching to mosquito species limits the widespread use of this technology. The objective of this study was to develop a free open-source data analysis pipeline for Anopheles species identification with MALDI-TOF MS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Anopheles mosquitoes were captured in 33 villages in Karen (Kayin) state in Myanmar. A subset of 403 specimens was selected for inclusion in either the reference or the test panel (270 and 133 specimens, respectively). Three hundred fifty-nine specimens could be identified with DNA barcodes and were assigned to 21 sensu stricto species and five sibling species pairs or complexes. A total of 3584 mass spectra of the head of these specimens identified with DNA barcoding were acquired and the similarity between mass spectra was quantified using a cross-correlation approach adapted from the published literature. A reference mass spectra database was created using all spectra of the PCR-identified specimens assigned to the reference panel. A simulation experiment was carried out by querying the reference database with the spectra of the test panel to evaluate the performance of species identification with MALDI-TOF MS at varying thresholds of the cross-correlation index for the algorithm to output an identification result and with varying numbers of technical replicates for the tested specimens, considering PCR identification results as the reference.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>With one spot and a threshold value of -14 for the cross-correlation index on the log scale, the sensitivity was 0.99 [95% credible interval (CrI): 0.98-1.00], the predictive positive value was 0.99 (95% CrI: 0.98-0.99), and the accuracy was 0.98 (95% CrI: 0.97-0.99). It was not possible to directly estimate the sensitivity and negative predictive value because there was no true negative (i.e., queries of species not referenced in the database) in the assessment.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The cross-correlation approach can be used to match mass spectral fingerprints to predefined taxa. MALDI-TOF MS is a valuable tool for rapid, accurate, and affordable identification of Anopheles species.</p>","PeriodicalId":19793,"journal":{"name":"Parasites & Vectors","volume":"18 1","pages":"8"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11737280/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143009486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental infection of wild boars (Sus scrofa) with Rickettsia rickettsii and evaluation of the transmission potential to Amblyomma sculptum ticks.","authors":"Lucianne Cardoso Neves, Lina de Campos Binder, Warley Vieira de Freitas Paula, Nicolas Jalowitzki de Lima, Ennya Rafaella Neves Cardoso, Rayane Almeida Santos, Raphaela Bueno Mendes Bittencourt, Gracielle Teles Pádua, Gabriel Cândido Dos Santos, Mariana Avelar Tavares, Maria Carolina de Azevedo Serpa, Adriano Pinter, Artur Luiz de Almeida Felicio, Marcelo B Labruna, Felipe da Silva Krawczak","doi":"10.1186/s13071-024-06612-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13071-024-06612-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Brazilian spotted fever is a tick-borne disease caused by the bacterium Rickettsia rickettsii, whose main vector in Brazil is the tick Amblyomma sculptum. Amplifying hosts are essential for the perpetuation of this bacterium in the tick population as they can be sources of infection during bacteremic periods. Recent studies demonstrated the ability of suids (Sus scrofa) to sustain populations of A. sculptum, one of the main tick species found parasitizing wild boars in the midwestern and southeastern regions of Brazil. In this study, wild boars were experimentally infected with R. rickettsii by tick infestation and were evaluated for their ability to transmit the infection to A. sculptum ticks, under laboratory conditions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Four wild boars were infected with R. rickettsii through infestation with R. rickettsii-infected A. sculptum adults (infected group); a fifth wild boar was infested with uninfected A. sculptum adults (control group). Simultaneously, the animals were infested with uninfected larvae and nymphs of A. sculptum. The wild boars were monitored for 28 days by clinical examination and hematological tests, real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) of blood for the detection of Rickettsia and inoculation of blood in guinea pigs. IgG antibody titers were followed until the end of the experiment. Unfed nymphs and adults, molted from engorged larvae and nymphs that fed on wild boars, were used to infest susceptible guinea pigs and rabbits; some of these unfed ticks were tested by qPCR for rickettsial detection.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The wild boars showed no clinical or hematological alterations, and bacteremia was not detected by qPCR or inoculation of wild boar blood into guinea pigs. Furthermore, wild boars showed a moderate humoral response, with anti-R. rickettsii endpoint titers up to 256 or 512. Rickettsial DNA was not detected in molted ticks after acquisition feeding on wild boars. Moreover, no disease or seroconversion was observed in guinea pigs and rabbits that were infested with ticks originated from wild boar acquisition feeding.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Wild boars seroconverted to Rickettsia spp. after being infested with R. rickettsii-infected A. sculptum; however, they did not develop bacteremia and did not act as competent amplifying hosts of R. rickettsii for A. sculptum ticks.</p>","PeriodicalId":19793,"journal":{"name":"Parasites & Vectors","volume":"18 1","pages":"9"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11740395/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143009461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: First detection of Culex tritaeniorhynchus in Western Australia using molecular diagnostics and morphological identification.","authors":"Kimberly L Evasco, Craig Brockway, Tamara Falkingham, Margaret Hall, Nerida G Wilson, Abbey Potter","doi":"10.1186/s13071-024-06642-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-024-06642-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19793,"journal":{"name":"Parasites & Vectors","volume":"18 1","pages":"10"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11740404/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143009388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial and temporal activity patterns of Amblyomma americanum.","authors":"Daniel S Marshall, Karen C Poh, Mason V Reichard, Lindsay A Starkey, Jeb P Owen","doi":"10.1186/s13071-025-06661-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13071-025-06661-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Estimates of tick abundance and distribution are used to determine the risk of tick-host contact. Tick surveys provide estimates of distributions and relative abundance for species that remain stationary and wait for passing hosts (i.e. questing), but measures of tick populations may be less reliable for species that actively move in search of a host, such as Amblyomma americanum, the lone star tick (LST). Risk estimates for contact with adult LST require knowledge of the tick's spatial and temporal activity. Understanding the movement and the temporal patterns of host-seeking behavior will enhance risk assessment for LST.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using CO₂-baited traps over a 2-year period, we collected wild adult LST in Oklahoma. We used mark-recapture techniques to determine the distance ticks will travel, the proportion of the tick population that is detectable over time, and the relationship between tick abundance and the number of ticks detected in the field. Using video tracking software, we measured the distance traveled and activity time in the laboratory.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 24 h, LST travel up to 9 (mean = 3.2, SD = 3.6) m in the field and 36 (mean = 70.4, SD = 81.0) m in the laboratory. Marked LST were detectable in the environment for up to 14 days after release. We found that the number of recaptured ticks significantly increased with the relative abundance of ticks released, and at a minimum abundance (N = 1 tick released) LST were detectable 33.3% of the time. Across all experiments, fewer than half of marked ticks were recovered and at most 28.4% of ticks were detected with CO₂-baited traps at any given time.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results show that LST actively move through the environment and pose a risk for host contact at distances of tens of meters. Ticks are detectable for several weeks, but only a fraction of them are detectable at any time. Larger numbers of ticks are detected as their population size increases, but even at very low numbers, LST are recovered with CO₂ baiting. These spatial and temporal aspects of LST behavior should be considered when building predictive risk models of LST-host contact.</p>","PeriodicalId":19793,"journal":{"name":"Parasites & Vectors","volume":"18 1","pages":"12"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11740481/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143009490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Consequences of insecticide overuse in Hungary: assessment of pyrethroid resistance in Culex pipiens and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes.","authors":"Rebeka Csiba, Zsaklin Varga, Dorina Pásztor, Bianka Süle, Vera Ihuoma Ogoke Mxinwa, Zoltán Soltész, Brigitta Zana, Krisztián Bányai, Gábor Kemenesi, Kornélia Kurucz","doi":"10.1186/s13071-024-06635-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-024-06635-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mosquitoes, as vectors of various pathogens, have been a public health risk for centuries. Human activities such as international travel and trade, along with climate change, have facilitated the spread of invasive mosquitoes and novel pathogens across Europe, increasing the risk of mosquito-borne disease introduction and their spread. Despite this threat, mosquito control in Hungary still relies predominantly on chemical treatments, which poses the risk of developing insecticide resistance in local populations. While pyrethroid resistance has been documented in several countries, there is no information on this issue from Hungary. This study aims to investigate the presence of resistance in Hungarian mosquito populations by analyzing a native, already known disease vector and a recently established invasive species with public health significance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We assessed the presence of knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations L1014F in Culex pipiens and V1016G and F1534C in Aedes albopictus mosquitoes, which are responsible for pyrethroid resistance. Mosquito specimens were investigated retrospectively, collected from previous years within the framework of local monitoring programs run in urban areas representing five regions of Hungary. The mutations in mosquitoes were detected individually by allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and gel electrophoresis, following generally used protocols.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In Cx. pipiens, the kdr mutation was detected across all five collection sites, with resistance allele frequencies ranging from 18.1% to 36.3%. Resistance alleles were identified in homozygosity and heterozygosity with the susceptible allele, resulting in 53% of the investigated mosquitoes showing resistance to pyrethroids in the Hungarian populations. In contrast, for Ae. albopictus, the analyzed individuals were found to carry only the susceptible alleles, indicating a homozygous susceptible genotype across the investigated populations on the basis of V1016G and F1534C genes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our work highlights the consequences of the unilateral and long-term use of chemical treatments on mosquitoes. This indicates an urgent need for a change of concept in mosquito control strategy in Hungary, as well as in countries where mosquito control still relies dominantly on insecticides. The restricted use of chemical treatment is highly recommended to prevent the development of pyrethroid resistance in recently established populations of the invasive Ae. albopictus, and to decrease the public health risk of vector-borne diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":19793,"journal":{"name":"Parasites & Vectors","volume":"18 1","pages":"13"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11740463/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143009387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Susceptibility to organophosphate insecticides in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) from northern Colombia and associated resistance mechanisms.","authors":"María Claudia Atencia-Pineda, Javier García-Leal, Diana Diaz-Ortiz, Paula Pareja-Loaiza, Lisandro Pacheco-Lugo, Richard Hoyos-López, Alfonso Calderón-Rangel, Pedro Fragozo-Castilla, Selene M Gutiérrez-Rodríguez, Adriana E Flores, Ronald Maestre-Serrano","doi":"10.1186/s13071-024-06624-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13071-024-06624-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Aedes aegypti is the primary vector of dengue, chikungunya, and Zika viruses in Colombia. Various insecticides, including pyrethroid, organophosphate, and carbamate insecticides; growth regulators; and biological insecticides, such as Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis, have been used to control Ae. aegypti populations. However, organophosphates such as malathion, pirimiphos-methyl, and temephos have been used over the last decade owing to the high resistance to pyrethroids.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study assessed the susceptibility to organophosphates in 14 Ae. aegypti populations from the Córdoba department in northern Colombia. Moreover, possible resistance mechanisms were investigated by determining the activity levels of α-esterases, β-esterases, mixed function oxidases (MFOs), glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), and insensitive acetylcholinesterase (iAChE). Additionally, the Ace-1 gene was sequenced to identify mutations at the target site of action.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The populations were susceptible to temephos and malathion but resistant to fenitrothion, and in three of them, to pirimiphos-methyl. Alterations in the enzyme activity levels of α-esterases and β-esterases, GST, and iAChE were observed among the populations, with high enzyme activity levels of α and β esterases associated with resistance to fenitrothion. No mutations were identified in the Ace-1 gene.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings are highly relevant for vector control programs in the region, as they allow for adjustments in resistance management strategies and improve the effectiveness of interventions against these arboviruses.</p>","PeriodicalId":19793,"journal":{"name":"Parasites & Vectors","volume":"18 1","pages":"7"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11734419/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142984576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}