Parasites & Vectors最新文献

{"title":"Significant variations in tolerance to clothianidin and pirimiphos-methyl in Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles funestus populations during a dramatic malaria resurgence despite sustained indoor residual spraying in Uganda.","authors":"Ambrose Oruni, Emmanuel Arinaitwe, James Adiga, Geoffrey Otto, Patrick Kyagamba, Joseph Okoth, Daniel Ayo, Jackson Rwatooro Asiimwe, Maato Zedi, John Rek, Kyle J Walker, Ashlee Braithwaite, Jonathan Kayondo, Melissa D Conrad, Teun Bousema, Mark J I Paine, Hanafy M Ismail, Paul Krezanoski, Charles S Wondji, Moses R Kamya, Grant Dorsey, Martin J Donnelly","doi":"10.1186/s13071-025-06867-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13071-025-06867-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A dramatic malaria resurgence occurred in areas of Uganda between 2020 and 2022, coinciding with the switch to clothianidin-based formulations for indoor residual spraying. During the resurgence, Anopheles funestus sensu lato (s.l.) numbers increased more than those of Anopheles gambiae s.l., but when an alternative insecticide, pirimiphos-methyl, was reintroduced in 2023, both malaria cases and An. funestus mosquito density fell.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, we investigated possible causes of the resurgence by assessing (1) whether sufficient quantities of insecticide were sprayed, (2) the residual insecticide bio-efficacy against wild mosquitoes, and (3) the insecticide susceptibility of both key vector populations using standard test tube assays and wall cone assays.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 2023, after adjusting for extraction efficiency, 70-80% of the houses had optimal residual concentrations of insecticides (clothianidin > 0.3g/m²; pirimiphos-methyl > 0.5g/m²), with significant variations between sampling rounds and wall types. Mud walls had the lowest residual concentration of insecticides, and the lowest observed mortality in wall cone assays, compared to burnt bricks with plaster/cement/paint. In the studies of residual bio-efficacy, by World Health Organization (WHO) definitions, An. funestus s.l. showed resistance to clothianidin (< 80% mortality) up to 11 months, and susceptibility to pirimiphos-methyl (> 90% mortality) when exposed to wall surfaces up to 7 months post-spray. In WHO tube tests, variations were observed in susceptibility to clothianidin in An. funestus s.l. populations using dose- and time-response assays (80-98% mortality). In 2022, An. gambiae s.l. was largely susceptible to the clothianidin-based formulation Sumishield (85-90% mortality), although the levels dropped slightly in 2023 (60-85% mortality), mainly in mud and pole houses. In contrast, An. gambiae s.l. was highly susceptible with mild tolerance to the pirimiphos-methyl-based formulation Actellic (~ 80% mortality), and time-response assays showed that An. gambiae s.l. populations had very low knockdown and mortality at lower exposure time compared to An. funestus s.l. Regression models showed a positive association between residual insecticide concentration (RIC) and mortality in houses sprayed with Sumishield but not Actellic houses.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite the possible variations observed in spray operations, the study revealed that An. funestus s.l. exhibited a higher tolerance to clothianidin-based formulations compared to An. gambiae s.l., and this might have driven the malaria resurgence observed in Uganda. However, there are signals of An. gambiae s.l. resistance to pirimiphos-methyl, which will require further investigation and monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":19793,"journal":{"name":"Parasites & Vectors","volume":"18 1","pages":"237"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144476249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seroepidemiology of Rickettsia conorii in dogs in Portugal: a comprehensive 12-year retrospective study (2013-2024).","authors":"Ricardo Lopes, Hugo Lima de Carvalho, Andreia Garcês, Cátia Fernandes, Ana Patrícia Lopes, Ângela Martins, Elsa Leclerc Duarte, Luís Cardoso, Ana Cláudia Coelho","doi":"10.1186/s13071-025-06859-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13071-025-06859-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mediterranean spotted fever (MSF), caused by Rickettsia conorii, is a zoonotic tick-borne disease of important public health concern, particularly in the Mediterranean Basin. Dogs serve as key sentinels for MSF due to their exposure to vector ticks and close contact with humans. To date, no comprehensive study in Portugal has investigated epidemiological risk factors in dogs infected with or exposed to R. conorii.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Seropositivity to R. conorii was determined using an immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT), with titres categorised as negative, low positive, moderate positive and high positive. Statistical analyses included the chi-squared test and univariable logistic regression to assess associations between seropositivity and geographical region, season, month, size, breed, sex and age.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study analysed 2457 canine samples submitted from 228 veterinary medical centres across mainland Portugal and insular autonomous regions between 2013 and 2024. The overall seroprevalence of R. conorii was 27.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.3-28.8). Significant differences in seroprevalence were observed amongst regions, with the highest values in the Algarve (48.0%; odds ratio [OR] 3.1, 95% CI 2.2-4.4, P < 0.001), Alentejo (35.0%; OR 1.8, 95% CI 0.7-4.6, P = 0.210) and Centre (33.8%; OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.4-2.1, P < 0.001) regions. Giant breeds had the highest seroprevalence (33.0%; OR 3.0, 95% CI 1.3-6.6, P = 0.008), with Irish Setter and Miniature Schnauzer identified as high-risk breeds (75.0%; OR 27.0, 95% CI 1.3-578.4, P = 0.035). Male dogs had higher seroprevalence (28.9%; OR 1.2, 95% CI 1.0-1.5, P = 0.023), whilst geriatric dogs showed the highest risk of exposure to or infection with R. conorii (34.6%; OR 5.2, 95% CI 2.8-9.8, P < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study represents the most extensive epidemiological analysis of canine MSF in Portugal. The findings highlight associations between R. conorii seropositivity and geographical region, size, breed, sex and age of dogs, advancing the limited knowledge on the epidemiology of R. conorii in Portugal and underscoring the need for regional surveillance and targeted prevention to reduce infection risks in both canine populations and public health contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":19793,"journal":{"name":"Parasites & Vectors","volume":"18 1","pages":"238"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144476248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and genetic diversity of Babesia microti in rodents from central and southern Shanxi, China.","authors":"Fei Ren, Yiping Liu, Jingrong Niu, Yang Song, Hongbing Cheng, Chao Zhao, Jia Cui, Yunxia Chen, Yuzan Bai, Huaxiang Rao, Juan Yu","doi":"10.1186/s13071-025-06898-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13071-025-06898-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Babesiosis, a globally emerging tick-borne zoonosis caused by intraerythrocytic protozoan Babesia species, poses a significant threat to both animal and human health. This study investigated the prevalence and genetic diversity of Babesia sp. in small rodents in central and southern Shanxi Province, China.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Rodents were captured from central and southern Shanxi Province, China. Liver, spleen, and kidney specimens were collected and screened for Babesia sp. based on 18S rRNA gene amplification and sequencing. For genetic and evolutionary analysis of Babesia sp. sequences based on the 18S rRNA gene, a phylogenetic tree was created using MEGA 11. Genetic diversity was analyzed using DNASP 6.12.03, and haplotype networks in Babesia microti from different regions and hosts were constructed using PopART software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three hundred and one rodents were captured; PCR screening revealed a 6.64% (20/301) prevalence of Babesia sp. infection, detected in Niviventer confucianus (16.87%, 14/83) and Apodemus agrarius (3.85%, 6/156). Detection rates did not differ significantly according to sex, tissue, or habitat type. Geographically, central Shanxi exhibited significantly higher detection rates than southern Shanxi (9.74% vs. 0.94%, χ² = 8.573, P = 0.003). Phylogenetic analysis of the partial 18S rRNA gene (1083 bp) confirmed that all sequences obtained in this study were the B. microti Kobe type, closely related to sequences from southeastern Shanxi obtained in our previous study (with 99.7-100% identity), with the ability to infect humans. Genetic diversity analysis of 65 B. microti sequences from China (20 sequences from the present study and 45 from GenBank) identified 21 haplotypes with host- and geography-specific patterns. Host-specific analysis of 18S rRNA gene polymorphisms revealed higher genetic diversity in tick-derived sequences than in rodent- or human-derived sequences. Haplotype network analysis suggested that Shanxi sequences (Hap-1, Hap-10, and Hap-11) exhibited close genetic proximity of 1-3 nucleotide substitutions with rodent-derived sequences from Yunnan and Fujian provinces and human-derived sequences from Yunnan and Zhejiang provinces.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study found a high prevalence and low genetic diversity of B. microti infection in wild rodents in central Shanxi, which could provide a basis for local corresponding prevention and control strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19793,"journal":{"name":"Parasites & Vectors","volume":"18 1","pages":"236"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144369120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidence for persistent multilocus genotypes of Biomphalaria pfeifferi in a natural population in Kenya, with implications for transmission of Schistosoma mansoni.","authors":"Noel A Oduor, Daniel W Kariuki, Gerald M Mkoji, Polycup O Oraro, Martina R Laidemitt, Michelle L Steinauer, Eric S Loker, Eric L Agola","doi":"10.1186/s13071-025-06881-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13071-025-06881-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Biomphalaria pfeifferi, a predominantly self-fertilizing freshwater snail, is the world's most important intermediate host for Schistosoma mansoni, one of the causative agents of schistosomiasis, a neglected tropical disease affecting millions of people in sub-Saharan Africa. We sought to determine whether we could identify distinct and persistent lineages of B. pfeifferi within a natural stream habitat in western Kenya, indicative of their asexual descent. We also sought to determine whether infections by S. mansoni or other trematodes were associated with particular lineages.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>Utilizing 14 microsatellite markers in a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) format, we genotyped 502 B. pfeifferi collected in six bimonthly (every other month) sampling times from the same locality in a single habitat (Asao Stream, western Kenya). Snails were isolated and screened for infection with S. mansoni and other trematodes using the shedding method followed by microscopical examination of any cercariae found.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 26 multilocus genotypes (MLGs), that were present at two or more sampling times. Four MLGs persisted across the entire 10-month sampling period, one of which was represented by 17 individuals. These persistent lineages harbored a variety of trematode species, with S. mansoni being the most common. The persistent MLGs were more likely to have trematode infections than those found only at a single sampling time. Low genetic differentiation was observed between November and March (fixation index among subpopulations [F_ST] = 0.019; p =  < 0.05). The highest genetic differentiation was observed between July and March (F_ST = 0.372; p =  < 0.001). Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed higher variation among individuals within sampling times (58%) than within individuals (33%), and a smaller variation (8%) was found among sampling times.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>By identifying the presence of persistent MLGs and their associations with trematode transmission, this study highlights the importance of considering B. pfeifferi MLGs, some of which could be resistant to infection, when developing strategies to control schistosomiasis transmission within Asao Stream and similar ecosystems across sub-Saharan Africa.</p>","PeriodicalId":19793,"journal":{"name":"Parasites & Vectors","volume":"18 1","pages":"235"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12182688/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144340342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First report and evidence of multiple origins of diflubenzuron resistance alleles in Culex pipiens mosquito from Cyprus.","authors":"Valentina Mastrantonio, Marlen Vasquez, Gregoris Notarides, Eleni Patsoula, Valentina Lucchesi, Flavio Piras, Romeo Bellini, Daniele Porretta","doi":"10.1186/s13071-025-06889-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13071-025-06889-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Insecticide resistance is one of the primary problems affecting vector control worldwide. Assessing the occurrence of resistant alleles and understanding their origin across the geographic range of vector species is crucial for effective resistance management. In populations of the mosquito Culex pipiens, point mutations conferring resistance to the insecticide diflubenzuron (DFB) were recently found across the Mediterranean basin. In this study, we investigated the possible occurrence of DFB resistance in Cyprus, where West Nile virus outbreaks have been documented in recent years.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We sequenced a fragment of the chitin-synthase 1 gene carrying the resistant mutations in individuals collected from 18 populations of Cx. pipiens in Cyprus to investigate the occurrence of DFB-resistant alleles. We then assessed the evolutionary origin of DFB-resistant alleles by reconstructing the phylogenetic relationships between susceptible and resistant alleles found across the Mediterranean basin.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our screening revealed the occurrence of the I1043F allele in all the districts analyzed. Notably, a new gene codon underlying the I1043F allele was detected. To our knowledge, this has not been previously reported in areas with DFB-resistance alleles in Cx. pipiens. In addition, we observed that the I1043F alleles detected in Cyprus have a different genetic background from those reported in other geographic areas, such as Italy and Turkey.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>To our knowledge, this is the first time in which DFB resistance was revealed in Cx. pipiens populations occurring in Cyprus. Furthermore, we demonstrate that I1043F-resistant alleles have an independent origin in Cyprus, further supporting the hypothesis of a multiple independent origin of DFB resistance across the Mediterranean region. These results stress the need for regular resistance surveillance activities and the urgency of developing new mosquito control strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19793,"journal":{"name":"Parasites & Vectors","volume":"18 1","pages":"231"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12180259/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144336711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retrospective molecular analyses of hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) from patients admitted to the Centre for Tick-Borne Diseases in Central Europe, Hungary (1999-2021), in relation to clinical symptoms.","authors":"Sándor Hornok, Nóra Takács, Gyöngyi Nagy, András Lakos","doi":"10.1186/s13071-025-06880-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13071-025-06880-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed at investigating the diversity of pathogens in human-biting ixodid ticks, in relation to their seasonality and associated clinical symptoms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Hard ticks, collected from humans in the course of 23 years, were identified to the species level on a morphological basis. This was followed by DNA extraction and molecular analyses. The latter served to confirm tick species, and to detect important tick-borne pathogens, in particular rickettsiae, Anaplasmataceae, borreliae, and piroplasms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 502 ticks, six species were identified, with the predominance of Ixodes ricinus. Considering tick-borne pathogens, four Rickettsia spp., Anaplasma phagocytophilum, seven genospecies of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, and three Babesia spp. were detected. Some of these predominated in nymphs or females of I. ricinus. Tick-infested patients presented with six types of clinical signs. Approximately one out of seven ticks from patients presenting with erythema migrans were unengorged. Shorter, spring-associated presence of Babesia microti-, A. phagocytophilum-, and Dermacentor-borne rickettsiae was observed in ticks, while Rickettsia helvetica and borreliae persisted until late autumn.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The seasonal occurrence of I. ricinus-borne pathogens appeared to be genus-dependent, but did not correlate with known typical reservoirs (rodents, birds, reptiles), nor with tick developmental stage or transstadial versus transovarial transmission. Pathogen detection in ticks that bit humans did not necessarily imply an infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":19793,"journal":{"name":"Parasites & Vectors","volume":"18 1","pages":"229"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12180167/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144336712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Complementing community science with xenomonitoring: Understanding the eco-epidemiology of Dirofilaria immitis infection in dogs and mosquitoes.","authors":"Tamara Szentivanyi, Laura V González, Ágnes Klein, Zoltán Soltész, László Z Garamszegi","doi":"10.1186/s13071-025-06882-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13071-025-06882-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dirofilariosis is an emerging mosquito-borne disease that particularly affects domestic dogs worldwide but also causes symptoms in humans. Monitoring the distribution of emerging pathogens is essential for understanding the environmental and ecological factors influencing their transmission, which can be used to develop better prevention strategies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We applied both community science and molecular xenomonitoring to assess the occurrence of Dirofilaria immitis in domestic dogs and mosquitoes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>As part of the community science approach, we collected infection data from 1491 dogs from owners across Hungary, using a questionnaire survey. We found that 321 dogs (21.5%) tested positive for current or past dirofilariosis infection, with the highest prevalence observed in the southeastern (47.8%) and the eastern regions (43.4%) of the country. Age and living conditions affected infection status, with older dogs (aged 5-10 years and over 10 years) and those kept exclusively outdoors showing significantly higher infection rates. Molecular xenomonitoring revealed D. immitis infection in Aedes albopictus, Aedes koreicus, and Aedes vexans, with the highest minimum infection rate (MIR) in Ae. koreicus (28.5). Similar to community science results, the highest infection rates were observed in the southeastern and eastern regions (MIR: 14.9 and 11.6, respectively), but the two approaches generally provided overall similar geographical patterns.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>While xenomonitoring did not detect infections in Central Transdanubia, community science successfully provided host infection data, demonstrating its usefulness in assessing the presence and distribution of the disease. Finally, we emphasize the value of using an integrative approach, combining community science and xenomonitoring for monitoring dirofilariosis, especially in areas where direct pathogen screening is unavailable.</p>","PeriodicalId":19793,"journal":{"name":"Parasites & Vectors","volume":"18 1","pages":"233"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12181931/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144336801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Excretory/secretory products from Hymenolepis nana adult worms alleviate ulcerative colitis in mice via tuft/IL-13 signaling pathway.","authors":"Rong Mou, Xuanyin Cui, Hongyan Wang, Zhenfen Zhang, Yi Cheng, Wenlan Wu, Jinfu Li, Ke Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s13071-025-06893-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13071-025-06893-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hymenolepis nana (H. nana) is a zoonotic parasitic worm that parasitizes the small intestines of humans and rodents. Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic and recurrent inflammatory bowel disease. Current symptom-based clinical treatments do not alter the natural course of UC, and mucosal healing has become a primary therapeutic goal for UC. However, the regulatory role of excretory/secretory products (ESPs) from H. nana adult worms in repairing the damaged intestinal mucosal barrier remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study investigated the protective effects of ESPs on intestinal mucosal integrity by using a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model and a mouse small intestine organoid inflammation model. Histopathological alterations of mouse intestinal tissues were determined by pathological staining; the alterations in mucins, tight junction proteins, cytokines, and the number of various intestinal cells were detected by Western blotting (WB), immunohistochemistry (IHC), immunofluorescence (IF) and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), etc. RESULTS: ESPs significantly improved DSS-induced intestinal damage in mice. Meanwhile, ESPs increased mucins and tight junction proteins expression and promoted intestinal stem cell proliferation and differentiation, thereby maintaining intestinal mucosal barrier integrity and alleviating UC in mice. In the DSS-induced inflamed small intestinal organoid model, ESPs reduced organoid damage and promoted the proliferation and differentiation of intestinal stem cells. The protective mechanism of ESPs might be related to the activation of the tuft/IL-13 signaling pathway, regulating intestinal barrier function and promoting the regeneration of intestinal stem cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In conclusion, H. nana-derived ESPs intervention facilitates healing of intestinal mucosa to alleviate UC in mice, enriching the feasibility and selectivity of \"helminthic therapy.\"</p>","PeriodicalId":19793,"journal":{"name":"Parasites & Vectors","volume":"18 1","pages":"230"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12180163/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144336803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental BTV-3 and BTV-8 infection of Culicoides sonorensis biting midges.","authors":"Sophie Zeiske, Franziska Sick, Helge Kampen, Bernd Hoffmann, Martin Beer, Kerstin Wernike","doi":"10.1186/s13071-025-06883-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13071-025-06883-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Bluetongue virus (BTV) is the etiologic agent of a major infectious disease of livestock and is transmitted between its ruminant hosts by Culicoides biting midges. The first outbreak ever recorded in central Europe was caused by serotype BTV-8 and led to a major epidemic. In 2023, serotype BTV-3 emerged in the Netherlands and spread rapidly to neighbouring countries. Compared with the BTV-8 outbreak in 2006, the course of the BTV-3 epizootic is more severe, in regards to clinical signs and faster spread of the virus.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To explore possible causes of the different epidemiologies, we performed laboratory infection experiments and compared the replication properties of BTV-8 and BTV-3 in Culicoides sonorensis biting midges.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Oral infection with BTV-3 resulted in a significantly higher viral load in the infected midges with demonstrated replication than BTV-8 infection.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The higher viral load observed in midges with BTV-3 replication than in midges with BTV-8 replication may be a factor contributing to the observed faster outbreak progression of the current BTV-3 outbreak in comparison to the BTV-8 outbreak in 2006/2007.</p>","PeriodicalId":19793,"journal":{"name":"Parasites & Vectors","volume":"18 1","pages":"234"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12181863/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144336804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Preliminary data on the vector competence of Aedes caspius for Dirofililaria immitis in a traditionally endemic area of northern Italy.","authors":"Alice Vismarra, Marco Genchi, Alessia Maltoni, Manuela Semeraro, Laura Helen Kramer, Mattia Calzolari, Annalisa Grisendi, Gastone Dalmonte, Marta Fozzer","doi":"10.1186/s13071-025-06895-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13071-025-06895-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19793,"journal":{"name":"Parasites & Vectors","volume":"18 1","pages":"232"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12180214/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144336802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}