Parasites & Vectors最新文献

{"title":"Multiplexed amplicon sequencing reveals the heterogeneous spatial distribution of pyrethroid resistance mutations in Aedes albopictus mosquito populations in southern France.","authors":"Albin Fontaine, Antoine Mignotte, Guillaume Lacour, Agnès Nguyen, Nicolas Gomez, Lionel Chanaud, Grégory L'Ambert, Sébastien Briolant","doi":"10.1186/s13071-024-06632-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-024-06632-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The risk of mosquito-borne disease transmission is increasing in temperate climates with the colonization and proliferation of the Asian tiger mosquito vector Aedes albopictus and the rapid mass transport of passengers returning from tropical regions where viruses are endemic. The prevention of major Aedes-borne viruses heavily relies on the use of insecticides for vector control, mainly pyrethroids. In Europe, only deltamethrin is authorized.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>High-throughput molecular assays can provide a cost-effective surrogate to phenotypic insecticide resistance assays when mutations have been previously linked to a resistance phenotype. Here, we screened for the spatial distribution of knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations at a large scale using a two-step approach based on multiplexed amplicon sequencing and an unprecedented collection of field-derived mosquitoes from 95 sites in 61 municipalities, alongside a west-to-east transect in the south of France, from June to September 2021.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified the presence of the V1016G allele in 14 sites. The V1016G allele was predominantly found in southeast France close to the Italian border, with two additional isolated sites close to Bordeaux and Marmande. All mosquitoes were heterozygous for this mutation and should not be phenotypically resistant to pyrethroid insecticide. Four other mutations were identified in our targeted genomic sequence: I1532T, M1006L, M1586L, M995L. Sequencing a section of maternally inherited mitochondrial genome confirmed that the spread of Ae. albopictus in France originated from founders within haplogroup A1.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings contribute to the broader understanding of resistance dynamics in Europe and can inform targeted approaches to mitigate the impact of resistance on vector control.</p>","PeriodicalId":19793,"journal":{"name":"Parasites & Vectors","volume":"17 1","pages":"539"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142896646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Update on tick-borne rickettsioses in mainland Portugal: emerging threats and potential vectors.","authors":"Leonardo Moerbeck, Ricardo Parreira, Gonçalo Seixas, Rita Velez, Ana Domingos, Sandra Antunes","doi":"10.1186/s13071-024-06627-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-024-06627-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tick-borne rickettsioses (TBR) are emerging, neglected, zoonoses, caused by intracellular α-proteobacteria of the genus Rickettsia, that pose a growing public health concern. The aim of the present study was to evaluate rickettsial infections in questing ticks collected from four different ecological areas in mainland Portugal.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Over a two-year period, a total of 707 questing ticks were collected. Individual adult ticks and pooled nymphs were submitted to DNA extraction, followed by qPCR assays targeting the gltA rickettsial gene. Positive samples were then submitted to conventional PCR targeting the gltA and the ompA genes for phylogenetic analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, eight tick species were identified: Dermacentor marginatus, Haemaphysalis inermis, Haemaphysalis punctata, Hyalomma lusitanicum, Ixodes frontalis, Ixodes ricinus, Rhipicephalus pusillus, and Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato. Additionally, rickettsial infection was associated with seven of these species, with I. frontalis being the exception. Notably, the prevalence of Rickettsia spp. was 26.35%, with phylogenetic validation confirming infections with R. helvetica, R. massiliae, R. monacensis, Candidatus R. rioja, and R. slovaca.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The present study highlights the necessity for ongoing surveillance to map and monitor both questing and feeding ticks, along with their vertebrate hosts. Effective control strategies are of utmost importance to mitigate the escalating threat of TBR. Additionally, the present study provides valuable epidemiological insights into TBR in Portugal, including the identification of R. slovaca infecting I. ricinus - an unconventional tick-pathogen relationship - and the first report of Candidatus R. rioja infecting D. marginatus in Portugal. In conclusion, this study contributes with valuable data regarding epidemiological results on ticks and TBR circulating in Portugal, emphasizing the importance of proactive measures to address this emerging public health challenge.</p>","PeriodicalId":19793,"journal":{"name":"Parasites & Vectors","volume":"17 1","pages":"538"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142886110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-locus investigation of Anopheles-mediated selective pressure on Plasmodium falciparum in Africa.","authors":"Isuru Gunarathna, Joseph D Spear, Tamar E Carter","doi":"10.1186/s13071-024-06604-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13071-024-06604-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The high burden of malaria in Africa is largely due to the presence of competent and adapted Anopheles vector species. With invasive Anopheles stephensi implicated in malaria outbreaks in Africa, understanding the genomic basis of vector-parasite compatibility is essential for assessing the risk of future outbreaks due to this mosquito. Vector compatibility with P. falciparum arises from ancient coevolution and involves genes such as Pfs47 in P. falciparum and P47Rec in Anopheles. Questions remain about whether sub-continental vector variation is a selective pressure on current Plasmodium populations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed the genetic diversity in parasite-vector interaction genes in P. falciparum and An. gambiae from 9 and 15 countries in Africa, respectively. Specifically, we looked for evidence of malaria vector-mediated selection within three P. falciparum genes (Pfs47, Pfs16, Pfs37) and conducted association analyses with occurrence probabilities of prominent malaria vectors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Higher protein haplotype diversities of Pfs47 and Pfs16 were associated with the probability of occurrence of An. arabiensis and An. funestus together. Only Pfs16 carried a signature of positive selection consistently (average Tajima's D = -2.96), which was associated with the probability of occurrence of An. funestus. These findings support vector-mediated selection on the basis of vector species diversity that may be occurring within Africa. We also employed phylogenetic analyses of An. gambiae interaction genes (P47Rec, APN1, HPX15) to identify significant subspecies diversity as a prerequisite to vector-population-mediated selection. Anopheles gambiae HPX15 revealed significant within-species differentiation (multiple branches bootstrap > 70) compared with absence of variation in P47Rec, suggesting that further investigation into subspecies-mediated selection on the basis of HPX15 is needed. Finally, we observed five amino acid changes at P47Rec in invasive An. stephensi compared with dominant African Anopheles species, calling for further investigation of the impact these distinct P47Rec variants might have on local African P. falciparum Pfs47 diversity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall, these findings suggest that vector variation within Africa could influence P. falciparum diversity and lay a genomic framework for future investigation of invasive An. stephensi's impact on African malaria.</p>","PeriodicalId":19793,"journal":{"name":"Parasites & Vectors","volume":"17 1","pages":"530"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142877636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is pancreatitis associated with meglumine antimoniate treatment for canine leishmaniosis? A multicentric prospective study.","authors":"Clàudia Viñeta, Jorge Castro, María Cristina López, Maria Frau, Antón Costas, Carolina Arenas, Xavier Roura","doi":"10.1186/s13071-024-06617-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-024-06617-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Meglumine antimoniate is used to treat canine leishmaniosis. In humans, it has been associated with pancreatitis. Although a few case reports have described acute pancreatitis secondary to antimonial treatment in dogs, some studies have concluded that pancreatitis is not an adverse effect of this medication. The objective was to evaluate whether treatment with meglumine antimoniate could induce pancreatitis in dogs with leishmaniosis, on the basis of clinical signs, canine serum specific quantitative pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (cPLI) concentration, and ultrasonographic abnormalities.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective, observational, longitudinal, and multicentric study was conducted from April 2021 through February 2023.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 33 dogs with leishmaniosis were included and classified into LeishVet clinical stages; 13 (39.4%) were included in stage II, 11 (33.3%) in stage III, and 9 in stage IV (27.3%). and 14 (42.4%) developed pancreatitis, 10 during treatment with meglumine antimoniate, and 4 at the end of the treatment. Advanced LeishVet clinical stage was statistically associated with development of pancreatitis. In addition, nine dogs received prednisone at the beginning of treatment, but it was not statistically associated with the prevention of pancreatitis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Meglumine antimoniate remains the first line leishmanicidal treatment option for canine leishmaniosis, but it appears to induce pancreatitis in a significant percentage of dogs. Monitoring serum cPLI levels and performing an abdominal ultrasound should be considered when pancreatitis-associated clinical signs are observed, or when there is a high suspicion of circulating immune complexes in dogs with advanced LeishVet clinical stage.</p>","PeriodicalId":19793,"journal":{"name":"Parasites & Vectors","volume":"17 1","pages":"532"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142882690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of azithromycin combined with compounded atovaquone in treating babesiosis in giant pandas.","authors":"Rui Ma, Chanjuan Yue, Jiang Gu, Wei Wu, Rong Hou, Wenjun Huang, Bi Li, Fei Xue, Chong Huang, Wenlei Bi, Jiabin Liu, Xiang Yu, Zusheng Li, Wanjing Yang, Mingxia Fu, Hong Yang, Dunwu Qi","doi":"10.1186/s13071-024-06615-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-024-06615-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Babesia is a tick-borne protozoan blood parasite that can cause hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, lethargy and splenomegaly in giant pandas.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We evaluated the efficacy and safety profile of a therapeutic regimen combining atovaquone and zithromycin in the context of babesiosis in giant pandas that have been naturally infected. The examined pandas underwent clinical and laboratory analyses, including hematology, biochemistry and thyroid hormone profiles. Upon diagnosis, the giant pandas were administered a compounded treatment consisting of atovaquone oral suspension (15 mg/kg, PO, q8 h), azithromycin tablets (10 mg/kg, PO, q24 h) and Enteral Nutritional Suspension (TPF) as a fat-rich supplement (0.5 ml/kg, PO, q8 h) for a 10-day period.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The combination treatment increased the red blood cell count, hemoglobin levels and hematocrit in the pandas within a short period, while also reducing parasite levels below the PCR detection threshold.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study suggested that atovaquone and azithromycin combination therapy is highly effective for emergency treatment of Babesia sp. infection in giant pandas.</p>","PeriodicalId":19793,"journal":{"name":"Parasites & Vectors","volume":"17 1","pages":"531"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142882722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato control measures: a specific focus on vaccines for both definitive and intermediate hosts.","authors":"Mehdi Borhani, Saeid Fathi, Majid Fasihi Harandi, Adriano Casulli, Jing Ding, Mingyuan Liu, Wenbao Zhang, Hao Wen","doi":"10.1186/s13071-024-06581-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13071-024-06581-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Echinococcosis, a neglected zoonotic disease caused by Echinococcus tapeworms, presents significant public health challenges worldwide. Cystic and alveolar echinococcosis has substantial health and economic impacts, necessitating effective prevention and control strategies. The present review provides a framework to expand our knowledge regarding key components of echinococcosis prevention and control, including phases, options, targets and available tools as well as current gaps and challenges in the field. Furthermore, we discuss the progress made in developing vaccines for the intermediate and definitive hosts and review the limitations and obstacles in vaccine development for definitive hosts. Abundant information is available on various aspects of the Echinococcus vaccine in sheep. Livestock vaccination effectively reduces Echinococcus transmission to sheep, offering a feasible control measure in intermediate hosts. However, vaccine development for the definitive host, i.e. dogs, exhibits significant challenges. Information gaps regarding the immune-mediated protective responses in dogs, repeatability of results, factors influencing the immune response, reinfection resistance, potential age-related decreases in worm burden and factors associated with the antifecundity effect are key challenges that should be addressed in canine vaccine development, and research collaboration, innovative technologies, and a deeper understanding of transmission dynamics are crucial. Multisectoral coordination under the One Health framework, with long-term political commitment and national and international cooperation, is critical for effective control in endemic areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":19793,"journal":{"name":"Parasites & Vectors","volume":"17 1","pages":"533"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142882721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technical evaluation of the InBios Strongy Detect IgG ELISA assay for the diagnosis of Strongyloides stercoralis infection.","authors":"Sara Roose, Marco Prato, Adama Kazienga, Iris Peelaers, Justien Arens, Gemechu Tadessa Leta, Cristina Mazzi, Dora Buonfrate, Bruno Levecke, Francesca Tamarozzi","doi":"10.1186/s13071-024-06501-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-024-06501-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Strongyloidiasis is a neglected tropical disease (NTD) caused by the soil-transmitted helminth Strongyloides stercoralis, recently included in the 2030 targets of the World Health Organization for the control of STHs. Assessment of infection prevalence is fundamental for decision-making about the implementation of control programs, but diagnostic assays to be applied in such context require evaluation. Seroassays based on recombinant antigens, which could be produced in a standardized and scalable manner, are particularly appealing for use in control programs. In this study, we performed a technical evaluation of the InBios Strongy Detect IgG ELISA, based on recombinant antigens NIE and SsIR, which has shown promising for field use.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 46 plasma samples from Ethiopian children were used for this technical evaluation. Repeatability was evaluated on duplicate samples per plate, on four plates per day for 3 days using Bland-Altman plots, analysis of residuals, and variance components analysis. Three samples were selected for evaluation of the uniformity of test results within a single plate (border effect) by two-sided t-test. Correlation between samples and internal ELISA positive controls was analyzed using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient applied on the results of 777 samples analyzed with the assay in a previous field-based study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Within and between plate residuals ranged from -0.05 to + 0.05 and -0.1 to + 0.1, respectively. Total variance was estimated at 0.327; 99.6% of variation could be attributed to the samples. There was no systematic border effect and a negligible correlation between positive internal control and samples results (R² = 0.213; p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results obtained in this study, in highly controlled conditions, point toward the InBios Strongy Detect IgG ELISA assay being reproducible, with no systematic border effect. These results encourage further assay's development and evaluation for use in practice, including determination of preset cutoff values for positivity, which is currently not provided.</p>","PeriodicalId":19793,"journal":{"name":"Parasites & Vectors","volume":"17 1","pages":"534"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142882081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of novel recombinant antigen-based (NIE/SsIR) immunochromatographic rapid tests for Strongyloides stercoralis: an accuracy study.","authors":"Salvatore Scarso, Francesca Tamarozzi, Cristina Mazzi, Monica Degani, Eleonora Rizzi, Stefano Tais, Dora Buonfrate","doi":"10.1186/s13071-024-06569-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-024-06569-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Strongyloidiasis is a chronic parasitic disease that results in relevant human morbidity, caused by the nematode Strongyloides stercoralis. This nematode has a unique and complex life-cycle. There is so far no perfect test for this helminthiasis. Rapid immunochromatographic tests (RDTs) are of interest, specifically due to their feasibility for use in the field, where public health control of strongyloidiasis is recommended. The aim of this study was to evaluate two novel RDTs, one detecting immunoglobulin (Ig) G and the other detecting IgG4, based on a combination of recombinant antigens. The primary objective was to estimate the sensitivity and specificity of these RDTs, and the secondary objective was to assess ease of interpretation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Serum samples stored in our biobank with available matched results for at least one fecal (i.e. agar plate culture or PCR) and one serology test (i.e. enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA] or indirect immunofluorescent antibody test [IFAT]) for S. stercoralis, were selected for this study. Those with at least one positive result for the fecal test were considered to be true positives (irrespective of the serology), while true negatives were those with negative results for both the fecal and serology tests. The results of the RDTs were read independently by two laboratory technicians. When disagreement over the results occurred, a third reader was involved, and the final result for each test was based on consistent results from two readers. Estimates were reported along with the 95% confidence intervals (CI). Regarding the secondary objective, agreement between two independent readers was calculated with Cohen's kappa statistic (κ).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 90 serum samples were tested. Sensitivity of the IgG- and the IgG4-RDTs was 91.1% (95% CI 78.8-97.5) and 77.3% (95% CI 62.2-88.5), respectively. Specificity was 91.1% (95% CI 78.8-97.5) for the IgG-RDT and 100% (95% CI 92.1-100) for the IgG4-RDT. Agreement between readers was excellent (Cohen's κ = 0.96, 95% CI 0.86-1.08%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The IgG-RDT demonstrated higher sensitivity and could hence be preferred for individual diagnosis, whereas the excellent specificity of the IgG4-RDT could be preferred for prevalence surveys in endemic areas. The results of both RDTs were easy to interpret based on excellent agreement between readers. Large prospective studies should follow to confirm these findings and to validate the use of either RDT for specific purposes/contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":19793,"journal":{"name":"Parasites & Vectors","volume":"17 1","pages":"535"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142882688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vector competence of Culex quinquefasciatus from Santiago Island, Cape Verde, to West Nile Virus: exploring the potential effect of the vector native Wolbachia.","authors":"Aires Januário Fernandes da Moura, Filipe Tomaz, Tiago Melo, Gonçalo Seixas, Carla A Sousa, João Pinto","doi":"10.1186/s13071-024-06609-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-024-06609-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Culex quinquefasciatus plays a crucial role as a vector of West Nile virus (WNV). This mosquito species is widely distributed in Cape Verde, being found in all inhabited islands of the archipelago. However, no data are currently available on the susceptibility of the local mosquito population to WNV. This study aimed to assess the vector competence of Cx. quinquefasciatus mosquitoes from Santiago Island, Cape Verde, for WNV and to explore the potential impact of its native Wolbachia on virus transmission.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Wolbachia-infected and uninfected Cx. quinquefasciatus female mosquitoes were exposed to WNV lineage 1 PT6.39 strain using a Hemotek membrane feeding system. Mosquito samples, including the body, legs, wings and saliva, were collected at days 7, 14 and 21 post-infection (dpi) to assess WNV infection through one-step quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Culex quinquefasciatus from Cape Verde exhibited high susceptibility to the tested strain of WNV. Also, treated females without their native Wolbachia exhibited significantly higher WNV load in their bodies and greater dissemination rate at 7 dpi than their wild-type counterparts carrying Wolbachia.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The high susceptibility to WNV of Cx. quinquefasciatus from Cape Verde poses a potential risk for virus transmission in the archipelago. However, Wolbachia infection in this mosquito species seems to confer protection against WNV dissemination in the early stages of viral infection. Additional research is required to uncover the mechanisms driving this protection and its potential impact on WNV transmission.</p>","PeriodicalId":19793,"journal":{"name":"Parasites & Vectors","volume":"17 1","pages":"536"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142882353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overwintering of Usutu virus in mosquitoes, The Netherlands.","authors":"C J M Koenraadt, E Münger, M J J Schrama, J Spitzen, S Altundag, R S Sikkema, B B Oude Munnink, M P G Koopmans, R Blom","doi":"10.1186/s13071-024-06620-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-024-06620-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Analyses of mosquito-borne virus outbreaks have revealed the presence of similar virus strains over several years. However, it remains unclear how mosquito-borne viruses can persist over winter, when conditions are generally unfavorable for virus circulation. One potential route for virus persistence is via diapausing mosquitoes. We therefore studied whether Usutu virus (USUV), West Nile virus (WNV) and/or Sindbis virus (SINV) can be identified in diapausing mosquitoes in The Netherlands. Mosquito collections were carried out in November 2022 in hibernacula located in two areas with previously observed WNV and/or USUV activity. A total of 4857 mosquitoes, belonging to four species (groups) (Culex pipiens/torrentium, Culiseta annulata, Anopheles maculipennis s.l. and Culex territans), were collected. WNV-, USUV- and SINV-screening using a multiplex real-time RT-PCR assay was carried out on mono-specific mosquito pools. One Culex pipiens/torrentium pool tested positive for USUV RNA. Whole genome sequencing and subsequent phylogenetic analysis revealed that the virus belongs to USUV lineage Africa 3 and clusters with other USUV sequences derived from The Netherlands in 2022. This finding confirms our hypothesis of the potential of local overwintering of USUV in diapausing mosquitoes in The Netherlands.</p>","PeriodicalId":19793,"journal":{"name":"Parasites & Vectors","volume":"17 1","pages":"537"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142882072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}