Parasites & Vectors最新文献

{"title":"Intra- and interspecific variation of Amblyomma ticks from southern Africa.","authors":"Andeliza Smit, Fernando Mulandane, Martinet Labuschagne, Stephané Heike Wójick, Choolwe Malabwa, Gourgelia Sili, Stephen Mandara, Zinathi Dlamkile, Rebecca Ackermann, Hannah Rose Vineer, Wilhelm Heinrich Stoltsz, Karine Huber, Ivan Gerard Horak, Darshana Morar-Leather, Benjamin Lawrence Makepeace, Luis Neves","doi":"10.1186/s13071-024-06394-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13071-024-06394-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Amblyomma spp. ticks, known for their long mouthparts, bright ornate appearance and aggressive hunting behaviour, are vectors of a number of important pathogens. In southern Africa, 17 Amblyomma spp. are currently documented. Of these species, Amblyomma hebraeum and Amblyomma variegatum have been well studied due to their wide geographical range and their status as competent vectors of pathogens that are of veterinary and medical importance. Studies on other Amblyomma spp. in southern Africa have been neglected, fostering ongoing debates on the validity of certain species such as Amblyomma pomposum. This study investigated the inter- and intra-species variation of Amblyomma ticks collected in southern Africa, focusing on resolving the dispute about A. pomposum and A. variegatum being distinct species.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Four Amblyomma tick species were collected from Angola, Mozambique, South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe, and were identified morphologically as Amblyomma eburneum (208), A. hebraeum (4758), A. pomposum (191) and A. variegatum (2577) using identification keys. Gene amplification targeting the 12S and 16S rRNA, cytochrome oxidase I, cytochrome B and internal transcribed spacer-2 genes was conducted for 204 ticks, for which varying success was achieved during amplification for each of the markers. Maximum likelihood analyses were performed in IQ-TREE.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The phylogenetic topologies and ABGD analyses of each individual gene clustered A. pomposum within the A. variegatum clade, while clearly separating A. eburneum and A. hebraeum from all other species. None of the genetic markers indicated intraspecific structuring on the basis of geographical origin, despite great distances between sampling sites.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study concludes that there is insufficient molecular evidence to differentiate A. pomposum and A. variegatum from each other. We highlight the need for whole mitochondrial genome sequencing of these two species to resolve the ongoing controversies. Furthermore, we propose mating and hybrid viability studies between the two species to confirm their reproductive isolation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19793,"journal":{"name":"Parasites & Vectors","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11351087/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142093664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RaTexT®: a novel rapid tick exposure test for detecting acaricide resistance in Rhipicephalus microplus ticks in Brazil.","authors":"Frans Jongejan, Laura Berger, José Reck, Priscila Teixeira Ferreira, Mariana Silveira de Jesus, Fabio Barbour Scott, Barbara Rauta de Avelar, Brena Gava Guimarães, Thais Ribeiro Correia, Dennis Muhanguzi, Patrick Vudriko, Joseph Byaruhanga, Maria Tumwebaze, Yakob Nagagi, Violet Temba, Abel S Biguezoton, Souaïbou Farougou, Safiou Adehan, Humphrey Jumba, Laura Homminga, Iris Hulsebos, Alita Petersen, Guilherme Klafke","doi":"10.1186/s13071-024-06448-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13071-024-06448-6","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Acaricide resistance in cattle ticks is a significant concern in (sub)tropical regions, particularly Brazil. The Larval Packet Test (LPT) is the standard laboratory bioassay for resistance diagnosis, which requires triplicates of seven acaricidal dilutions plus controls to cover larval mortalities ranging between 0 and 100%. The value of the LPT lies in providing resistance ratios based on the ratio between the LC50 calculated with potentially resistant and susceptible ticks. However, LC50 ratios are difficult to translate into practical advice for farmers. Moreover, LPT requires laboratory facilities to maintain susceptible tick colonies, and it takes 6 weeks to obtain the larvae to be tested by LPT derived from engorged female ticks collected from cattle in the field. Our novel approach was twofold: first, we upgraded the LPT to the Resistance Intensity Test (RIT) by adopting the latest WHO guidelines for resistance detection in mosquitoes, which combines a 1 × recommended dose with 5 × and 10 × concentrated doses to reveal low, moderate and high resistance intensity, respectively. This reduced the number of test papers and tick larvae and, more importantly, provided relevant information on the resistance level. Our second innovative step was to abolish testing larvae entirely and expose partly engorged adult ticks to the same acaricidal doses immediately after removing them from cattle in the field. This resulted in the Rapid Tick exposure Test (RaTexT®), wherein partly engorged adult ticks were exposed to an acaricide-impregnated, specially designed matrix providing test results within 24 h. This approach directly compared resistance detection in tick larvae in the RIT with resistance in adult ticks in RaTexT®.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Laboratory validation was conducted in Brazil with resistant and susceptible colonies of Rhipicephalus microplus ticks. For field validation, adult R. microplus ticks collected from different cattle farms in Brazil were evaluated for resistance to RaTexT®, and the results regarding their larval progenies were compared with those for the RIT. Partly engorged adult ticks derived from cattle infested with laboratory and field strains of R. microplus were exposed to deltamethrin in RaTexT® containers, which contained six rows of four interconnected compartments, accommodating five to eight semi-engorged female ticks with a preferred size ranging between 5 and 8 mm. The corresponding larvae of each strain were exposed in the RIT to the same deltamethrin concentrations in filter papers.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;In RaTexT®, mortality in adult ticks from a resistant strain of R. microplus from Seropédica in Brazil was 38.4%, 54.2% and 75.0% at the 1 ×, 5 × and 10 × doses of deltamethrin, respectively. In RIT, mortality of larvae from the same resistant strain was 2.0%, 4.9% and 19.5% at 1 ×, 5 × and 10 × doses, respectively. The results of RaTexT® and RIT agreed since both ","PeriodicalId":19793,"journal":{"name":"Parasites & Vectors","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11360494/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142093665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First detection of kdr L1014F allele in Anopheles ziemanni and Anopheles pharoensis in Cameroon and distribution of the allele in members of the Anopheles gambiae complex.","authors":"Marie Paul Audrey Mayi, Christophe Antonio-Nkondjio, Roland Bamou, Claudia Damiani, Alessia Cappelli, Borel Djiappi-Tchamen, Landre Djamouko-Djonkam, Mahdokht Ilbeigi Khamseh Nejad, Verena Pichler, Irene Ricci, Guido Favia","doi":"10.1186/s13071-024-06420-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13071-024-06420-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Knockdown resistance (kdr) is one of the primary resistance mechanisms present in anopheline species. Although this mutation is largely spread across the Anopheles gambiae s.l. members, its prevalence in other species is still not well documented.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The present study investigated the distribution and allelic frequencies of kdr in An. gambiae s.l., An. pharoensis, and An. ziemanni samples collected in 2022 and 2023 in nine sites spread across five ecogeographical settings in Cameroon. Members of the An. gambiae complex were identified molecularly by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). kdr L1014F and L1014S alleles were screened by PCR and confirmed by sequencing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>An. gambiae (49.9%), An. coluzzii (36.5%), and An. arabiensis (13%) were identified, and the frequency of the kdr L1014F was high in both An. gambiae and An. coluzzii in all sites. The kdr L1014F allele was detected for the first time in 8 out of 14 An. ziemanni samples examined and in 5 out of 22 An. pharoensis samples examined. The kdr L1014S allele was scarce and found only in the heterozygote \"RS\" state in An. arabiensis and An. gambiae in Yangah and Santchou.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The present study sheds light on the rapid expansion of the kdr L1014F allele in malaria vectors in Cameroon and stresses the need for surveillance activities also targeting secondary malaria vectors to improve the control of malaria transmission.</p>","PeriodicalId":19793,"journal":{"name":"Parasites & Vectors","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11348551/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142081129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mating of unfed, engorged, and partially to fully gravid Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) female mosquitoes in producing viable eggs.","authors":"Muniaraj Mayilsamy, Surendiran Subramani, Rajamannar Veeramanoharan, Asifa Vijayakumar, Amuthalingam T Asaithambi, Arthi Murugesan, Nandhakumar Selvaraj, Vijayakumar Balakrishnan, Paramasivan Rajaiah","doi":"10.1186/s13071-024-06433-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13071-024-06433-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Understanding the relationship between blood-feeding and mating is important in effectively managing the most well-adapted vector insect, Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus). Although extensive studies have investigated the behavioural aspects of Aedes such as blood-feeding, mating, and their relationship, several knowledge gaps still exist. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to determine the possibility of successful mating by unfed, engorged, and partially to fully gravid (up to 5 days after blood-feeding with fully developed eggs) female Ae. aegypti mosquitoes and production of viable eggs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Mating of sexually mature adult Aedes aegypti was allowed in three different ways. In control 1, the females were allowed to mate before taking blood meal, and in control 2, the females were not at all allowed to mate. In the experiment, the females were separated into six categories, viz. D-0 to D-5. In D-0, the females were allowed to mate immediately after the bloodmeal and, in D-1, the females were allowed to mate on the first day of blood feeding, likewise, the females of D-2, D-3, D-4 and D-5 were allowed to mate on 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th day of blood feeding. Ovitrap was uniformly kept on the 4th day of blood feeding for the cages D-0 to D-3 for 1 h and then removed and for the cages D-4, and D-5, the ovitrap was kept on 4th and 5th day of blood feeding for 1h immediately after mating. The total number of eggs and the total number of hatching were counted. In the subsequent days, the entire experiment was replicated two times with different cohorts of mosquitoes, and the mean value of three experiments was used to draw Excel bars with 5% error bars and also for the statistical analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>It was found that mating just before oviposition was sufficient to produce 1581 eggs (70% compared with control) and fertilize 1369 eggs (85% compared with total eggs laid), which is far higher than the 676 non-hatching (unfertilized) eggs (30%) laid by unmated females. Although mating is not essential for producing eggs, our study shows that even brief exposure to the semen and seminal fluids greatly enhances the oviposition and hatching efficiency, even if the mating occurs just before oviposition. However, those females mating before blood-feeding and those mating after blood-feeding produced 2266 and 2128 eggs, with hatching rates of 96.78% and 95.54%, respectively. Hence, the retention time of seminal fluid in the female seems to influence the number of eggs laid and the number of eggs hatched.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In general, mating is possible in Ae. aegypti even minutes before oviposition and is sufficient to produce a greater number of viable eggs.</p>","PeriodicalId":19793,"journal":{"name":"Parasites & Vectors","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11346051/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142056237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sylvatic vector-borne pathogens including Cytauxzoon europaeus in the European wildcat (Felis silvestris) from southwestern Germany.","authors":"Anna Obiegala, Luisa Fischer, Sara Weilage, Nina Król, Katharina M Westhoff, Saskia Nemitz, Michael Lierz, Johannes Lang, Martin Pfeffer, Zaida Renteria-Solís","doi":"10.1186/s13071-024-06428-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13071-024-06428-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>European wildcats (Felis silvestris) are widely distributed in Europe and a strictly protected species in Germany. Lately, anthropogenic protective efforts lead to increasing numbers of wildcats in southwestern Germany. Moreover, in recent years the numbers of domestic cats are increasing. Thus, the contact between domestic and wildcats may lead to the spread of zoonotic pathogens in both animal species. As data on vector-borne pathogens (VBPs) in wildcats from Germany are limited to date, the objective of this study was to investigate the presence and current distribution of VBPs in wildcats from southwestern Germany.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Skin and spleen samples from 117 European wildcats, originating from a regional carcass-monitoring program in southwestern Germany, were examined by real-time and conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the presence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Neoehrlichia mikurensis, Rickettsia spp., Bartonella spp., and Piroplasmida.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 6.8% (n = 8) of the wildcats were Rickettsia-positive, specified as R. helvetica. Three wildcats were positive for A. phagocytophilum (2.6%), one for Bartonella spp., namely B. taylorii (0.8%), and 84 for Cytauxzoon spp. (71.8%). Out of these 84 samples, 23 were further sequenced revealing very high identity levels (99.84-100%) to C. europaeus, which is considered to be pathogenic for domestic cats. All wildcats were negative for the presence of N. mikurensis DNA.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>European wildcats in southwestern Germany are hosting several VBPs. With the exception of Cytauxzoon spp., low prevalence rates of most examined pathogens suggest that wildcats are primarily incidental hosts for sylvatic pathogens associated with rodents, in contrast to domestic cats. However, the high prevalence of the cat-associated pathogen C. europaeus suggests that wildcats in southwestern Germany may serve as reservoirs for this pathogen.</p>","PeriodicalId":19793,"journal":{"name":"Parasites & Vectors","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11344307/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142056238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sand fly blood meal volumes and their relation to female body weight under experimental conditions.","authors":"Věra Volfová, Magdalena Jančářová, Petr Volf","doi":"10.1186/s13071-024-06418-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13071-024-06418-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sand fly females require a blood meal to develop eggs. The size of the blood meal is crucial for fecundity and affects the dose of pathogens acquired by females when feeding on infected hosts or during experimental membrane-feeding.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Under standard laboratory conditions, we compared blood meal volumes taken by females of ten sand fly species from four genera: Phlebotomus, Lutzomyia, Migonomyia, and Sergentomyia. The amount of ingested blood was determined using a haemoglobin assay. Additionally, we weighed unfed sand flies to calculate the ratio between body weight and blood meal weight.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean blood meal volume ingested by sand fly females ranged from 0.47 to 1.01 µl. Five species, Phlebotomus papatasi, P. duboscqi, Lutzomyia longipalpis, Sergentomyia minuta, and S. schwetzi, consumed about double the blood meal size compared to Migonomyia migonei. The mean body weight of females ranged from 0.183 mg in S. minuta to 0.369 mg in P. duboscqi. In males, the mean body weight ranged from 0.106 mg in M. migonei to 0.242 mg in P. duboscqi. Males were always lighter than females, with the male-to-female weight ratio ranging from 75% (in Phlebotomus argentipes) to 52% (in Phlebotomus tobbi).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Females of most species took a blood meal 2.25-3.05 times their body weight. Notably, the relatively tiny females of P. argentipes consumed blood meals 3.34 times their body weight. The highest (Mbl/Mf) ratios were found in both Sergentomyia species studied; females of S. minuta and S. schwetzi took blood meals 4.5-5 times their body weight. This parameter is substantially higher than that reported for mosquitoes and biting midges.</p>","PeriodicalId":19793,"journal":{"name":"Parasites & Vectors","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11342606/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142047021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental contamination with feces of free-roaming dogs and the risk of transmission of Echinococcus and Taenia species in urban regions of southeastern Iran.","authors":"Saeedeh Shamsaddini, Carina Schneider, Sonja Dumendiak, Hossein Aghassi, Hossein Kamyabi, Elham Akhlaghi, Marion Wassermann, Majid Fasihi Harandi, Peter Deplazes, Thomas Romig","doi":"10.1186/s13071-024-06435-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13071-024-06435-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dogs are the most important definitive hosts of zoonotic taeniid helminths worldwide. Different Echinococcus and Taenia species of domestic and wild carnivores pose a potential risk to human population. High populations of free-roaming dogs (FRDs) in urban areas of Iran and widespread contamination of the environment with dog feces is a potential source of infecting people living in the urban regions with cystic echinococcosis (CE). Our knowledge on the risk of CE transmission in the urban settings in the endemic regions is limited. The present study surveyed the species and genotypes of E. granulosus sensu lato and other taeniids by examining feces of free-roaming dogs in the urban areas in the city of Kerman, southeastern Iran.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The city was divided into 100 consecutive blocks of which 25 blocks were randomly selected. Fecal samples of FRDs were counted, mapped and fresh samples were collected. Then Zinc chloride flotation, and sequential sieving was performed, and the samples were examined under an inverted microscope. Single individual taeniid eggs were isolated, partial nad1 gene was amplified and sequenced to identify species and genotypes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total 5607 fecal samples of dogs were mapped and 83 fresh samples were collected. Taeniid eggs were detected in nine fecal samples (10.8%) from seven out of the 25 city blocks (28.0%). Echinococcus eggs were found in four samples (4.8%) from three city blocks, two samples containing E. granulosus sensu stricto (2.4%), two samples containing E. canadensis G6/7 (2.4%). In addition, three samples contained eggs of Taenia hydatigena (3.6%), and one sample of Taenia serialis (1.2%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study documented the potential risk of CE transmission to humans resulting from the feces of dogs roaming freely in urban areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":19793,"journal":{"name":"Parasites & Vectors","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11342595/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142047020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate influences the gut eukaryome of wild rodents in the Great Rift Valley of Jordan.","authors":"Sanaz Khadem, David Berry, Enas Al-Khlifeh","doi":"10.1186/s13071-024-06451-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13071-024-06451-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The mammalian gut microbiome includes a community of eukaryotes with significant taxonomic and functional diversity termed the eukaryome. The molecular analysis of eukaryotic diversity in microbiomes of wild mammals is still in its early stages due to the recent emergence of interest in this field. This study aimed to fill this knowledge gap by collecting data on eukaryotic species found in the intestines of wild rodents. Because little is known about the influence of climate on the gut eukaryome, we compared the composition of the gut eukaryotes in two rodent species, Mus musculus domesticus and Acomys cahirinus, which inhabit a transect crossing a temperate and tropical zone on the Jordanian side of the Great Rift Valley (GRV).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used high-throughput amplicon sequencing targeting the 18S rRNA gene in fecal samples from rodents to identify eukaryotic organisms, their relative abundance, and their potential for pathogenicity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nematodes and protozoa were the most prevalent species in the eukaryome communities, whereas fungi made up 6.5% of the total. Sixty percent of the eukaryotic ASVs belonged to taxa that included known pathogens. Eighty percent of the rodents were infected with pinworms, specifically Syphacia obvelata. Eukaryotic species diversity differed significantly between bioclimatic zones (p = 0.001). Nippostrongylus brasiliensis and Aspiculuris tetraptera were found to be present exclusively in the Sudanian zone rodents. This area has not reported any cases of Trichuris infections. Yet, Capillaria infestations were unique to the Mediterranean region, while Trichuris vulpis infestations were also prevalent in the Mediterranean and Irano-Turanian regions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study highlights the importance of considering host species diversity and environmental factors when studying eukaryome composition in wild mammals. These data will be valuable as a reference to eukaryome study.</p>","PeriodicalId":19793,"journal":{"name":"Parasites & Vectors","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11342738/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142047019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Molecular assessment of voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) gene mutations in Rhipicephalus microplus from Guangxi, China.","authors":"Na Jiang, Ting Xie, Chunfu Li, Rui Ma, Ai Gao, Mengyun Liu, Shurong Wang, Qingan Zhou, Xiankai Wei, Jian Li, Wei Hu, Xinyu Feng","doi":"10.1186/s13071-024-06443-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13071-024-06443-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19793,"journal":{"name":"Parasites & Vectors","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11342638/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142036563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relapses in canine leishmaniosis: risk factors identified through mixed-effects logistic regression.","authors":"Juliana Sarquis, Letícia Martins Raposo, Carolina R Sanz, Ana Montoya, Juan Pedro Barrera, Rocío Checa, Blanca Perez-Montero, María Luisa Fermín Rodríguez, Guadalupe Miró","doi":"10.1186/s13071-024-06423-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13071-024-06423-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Canine leishmaniosis (CanL), caused by Leishmania infantum, is an important vector-borne parasitic disease in dogs with implications for human health. Despite advancements, managing CanL remains challenging due to its complexity, especially in chronic, relapsing cases. Mathematical modeling has emerged as a powerful tool in various medical fields, but its application in understanding CanL relapses remains unexplored.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study aimed to investigate risk factors associated with disease relapse in a cohort of dogs naturally infected with L. infantum. Data from 291 repeated measures of 54 dogs meeting the inclusion criteria were included. Two logistic mixed-effects models were created to identify clinicopathological variables associated with an increased risk of clinical relapses requiring a leishmanicidal treatment in CanL. A backward elimination approach was employed, starting with a full model comprising all potential predictors. Variables were iteratively eliminated on the basis of their impact on the model, considering both statistical significance and model complexity. All analyses were conducted using R software, primarily employing the lme4 package, and applying a significance level of 5% (P < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study identified clinicopathological variables associated with an increased risk of relapses requiring a leishmanicidal treatment. Model 1 revealed that for each 0.1 increase in the albumin/globulin ratio (A/G) ratio, the odds of requiring treatment decreased by 45%. Conversely, for each unit increase in the total clinical score (CS), the odds of requiring treatment increase by 22-30%. Indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT) was not a significant risk factor in model 1. Model 2, incorporating individual albumin and globulins values, showed that dogs with high IFAT titers, hyper beta-globulinemia, hypoalbuminemia, anemia, and high CS were at increased risk of relapse. Both models demonstrated a good fit and explained a substantial amount of variability in treatment decisions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Dogs exhibiting higher CS, dysproteinemia, anemia, and high IFAT titers are at increased risk of requiring leishmanicidal treatment upon clinical relapse in CanL. Regular monitoring and assessment of risk factors prove essential for early detection of relapses and effective intervention in CanL cases. The contrasting findings between the two models highlight the complexity of aspects influencing treatment decisions in this disease and the importance of tailored management strategies to improve outcomes for affected dogs.</p>","PeriodicalId":19793,"journal":{"name":"Parasites & Vectors","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11342489/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142036564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}