Parasites & Vectors最新文献

{"title":"Host diversity of Aedes albopictus in relation to invasion history: a meta-analysis of blood-feeding studies.","authors":"László Zsolt Garamszegi","doi":"10.1186/s13071-024-06490-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13071-024-06490-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The invasive mosquito Aedes albopictus is a major concern for human and animal health given its high potential to spread over large geographical distances, adapt to various habitats and food sources, and act as a vector for pathogens. It is crucial to understand how this species establishes ecological relationships at different locations, as it determines its role in transmission of diseases.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Based on published blood meal surveys, a meta-analysis was performed to investigate how host diversity changes along the process of invasion at a large scale. For 48 independent localities, the Shannon diversity index was calculated and was then assessed against several moderator variables describing invasion status, habitat type, methodology, survey year and the year of introduction for invasive populations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Diet diversity was higher in the invasive than in the native populations when the strong habitat effects were held constant. Furthermore, the year of introduction also had a significant role, as invasive populations that had been established earlier had wider diet diversity than more recent populations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Invasive Ae. albopictus has considerable ecological flexibility. The species' ability to adapt to various food sources goes hand in hand with its successful worldwide dispersion, which has strong implications for its role in pathogen transmission.</p>","PeriodicalId":19793,"journal":{"name":"Parasites & Vectors","volume":"17 1","pages":"411"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11448256/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142372531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An easier life to come for mosquito researchers: field-testing across Italy supports VECTRACK system for automatic counting, identification and absolute density estimation of Aedes albopictus and Culex pipiens adults.","authors":"Martina Micocci, Mattia Manica, Ilaria Bernardini, Laura Soresinetti, Marianna Varone, Paola Di Lillo, Beniamino Caputo, Piero Poletti, Francesco Severini, Fabrizio Montarsi, Sara Epis, Marco Salvemini, Alessandra Della Torre","doi":"10.1186/s13071-024-06479-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13071-024-06479-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Disease-vector mosquito monitoring is an essential prerequisite to optimize control interventions and evidence-based risk predictions. However, conventional entomological monitoring methods are labor- and time-consuming and do not allow high temporal/spatial resolution. In 2022, a novel system coupling an optical sensor with machine learning technologies (VECTRACK) proved effective in counting and identifying Aedes albopictus and Culex pipiens adult females and males. Here, we carried out the first extensive field evaluation of the VECTRACK system to assess: (i) whether the catching capacity of a commercial BG-Mosquitaire trap (BGM) for adult mosquito equipped with VECTRACK (BGM + VECT) was affected by the sensor; (ii) the accuracy of the VECTRACK algorithm in correctly classifying the target mosquito species genus and sex; (iii) Ae. albopictus capture rate of BGM with or without VECTRACK.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The same experimental design was implemented in four areas in northern (Bergamo and Padua districts), central (Rome) and southern (Procida Island, Naples) Italy. In each area, three types of traps-one BGM, one BGM + VECT and the combination of four sticky traps (STs)-were rotated each 48 h in three different sites. Each sampling scheme was replicated three times/area. Collected mosquitoes were counted and identified by both the VECTRACK algorithm and operator-mediated morphological examination. The performance of the VECTRACK system was assessed by generalized linear mixed and linear regression models. Aedes albopictus capture rates of BGMs were calculated based on the known capture rate of ST.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 3829 mosquitoes (90.2% Ae. albopictus) were captured in 18 collection-days/trap/site. BGM and BGM + VECT showed a similar performance in collecting target mosquitoes. Results show high correlation between visual and automatic identification methods (Spearman Ae. albopictus: females = 0.97; males = 0.89; P < 0.0001) and low count errors. Moreover, the results allowed quantifying the heterogeneous effectiveness associated with different trap types in collecting Ae. albopictus and predicting estimates of its absolute density.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Obtained results strongly support the VECTRACK system as a powerful tool for mosquito monitoring and research, and its applicability over a range of ecological conditions, accounting for its high potential for continuous monitoring with minimal human effort.</p>","PeriodicalId":19793,"journal":{"name":"Parasites & Vectors","volume":"17 1","pages":"409"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11448096/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142366103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Population structure analysis of Phlebotomus papatasi populations using transcriptome microsatellites: possible implications for leishmaniasis control and vaccine development.","authors":"Omar Hamarsheh, Souad Guernaoui, Mehmet Karakus, Mohammad Reza Yaghoobi-Ershadi, Andreas Kruger, Ahmad Amro, Mohamed Amin Kenawy, Mostafa Ramadhan Dokhan, Douglas A Shoue, Mary Ann McDowell","doi":"10.1186/s13071-024-06495-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13071-024-06495-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Phlebotomus papatasi is considered the primary vector of Leishmania major parasites that cause zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) in the Middle East and North Africa. Phlebotomus papatasi populations have been studied extensively, revealing the existence of different genetic populations and subpopulations over its large distribution range. Genetic diversity and population structure analysis using transcriptome microsatellite markers is important to uncover the vector distribution dynamics, essential for controlling ZCL in endemic areas.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, we investigated the level of genetic variation using expressed sequence tag-derived simple sequence repeats (EST-SSRs) among field and colony P. papatasi samples collected from 25 different locations in 11 countries. A total of 302 P. papatasi sand fly individuals were analyzed, including at least 10 flies from each region.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analysis revealed a high-level population structure expressed by five distinct populations A through E, with moderate genetic differentiation among all populations. These genetic differences in expressed genes may enable P. papatasi to adapt to different environmental conditions along its distribution range and likely affect dispersal.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Elucidating the population structuring of P. papatasi is essential to L. major containment efforts in endemic countries. Moreover, the level of genetic variation among these populations may improve our understanding of Leishmania-sand fly interactions and contribute to the efforts of vaccine development based on P. papatasi salivary proteins.</p>","PeriodicalId":19793,"journal":{"name":"Parasites & Vectors","volume":"17 1","pages":"410"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11448080/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142366104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A rapid tick exposure test for monitoring acaricide resistance in Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato ticks on dogs.","authors":"Frans Jongejan, Laura Berger, Elias Papadopoulos, José Reck, Priscila Teixeira Ferreira, Fabio Barbour Scott, Barbara Rauta de Avelar, Brena Gava Guimarães, Thais Ribeiro Correia, Iris Hulsebos, Alita Petersen, Guilherme Klafke","doi":"10.1186/s13071-024-06472-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-024-06472-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Brown dog ticks (Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato) are vectors of pathogens adversely affecting the health of dogs in many regions of the world. The three-host life cycle of R. sanguineus s.l., with all stages feeding on dogs, can lead to an uncontrolled build-up of large tick populations if not controlled by acaricides. However, frequent tick control on dogs using acaricides has led to the emergence of resistance to permethrin and fipronil. Currently, the larval packet test (LPT) is the standard tick resistance test, which is laborious, requires laboratory facilities, and takes at least 6 weeks before larvae derived from engorged female ticks can be tested. Our novel approach is to expose semi-engorged adult ticks to acaricides immediately after removing them from dogs, obtaining results within 24 h.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Adult ticks from three laboratory colonies of R. sanguineus s.l. were tested in RaTexT^®, a rapid tick exposure test in which ticks were confined to small compartments and exposed to an acaricide-impregnated, specially designed matrix. Resistance was confirmed by testing larvae derived from the same laboratory colonies using the LPT. RaTexT^® was also used to determine the susceptibility of R. sanguineus acaricides in dog shelters.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>RaTexT^® detected resistance to permethrin in adult R. sanguineus s.l. ticks from two Brazilian laboratory colonies compared to a susceptible laboratory strain originating in Greece. Resistance was confirmed by LPT testing of larvae from the same colonies with resistance factors between 2.2 and 3.1. All laboratory strains were susceptible to fipronil. A suspected case of fipronil resistance at a dog shelter in Caxias do Sul, Brazil, was resolved within 24 h by testing adult ticks in RaTexT^® and could be attributed to improper treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>RaTexT^® is a valuable tool for monitoring the development of resistance to synthetic pyrethroids or phenylpyrazoles in tick-infested dogs.</p>","PeriodicalId":19793,"journal":{"name":"Parasites & Vectors","volume":"17 1","pages":"406"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11437981/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142351509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Barcoding of Italian mosquitoes (BITMO): generation and validation of DNA barcoding reference libraries for native and alien species of Culicidae.","authors":"Beatrice Bisaglia, Michele Castelli, Laura Soresinetti, Agata Negri, Irene Arnoldi, Fabrizio Montarsi, Federica Gobbo, Francesco Defilippo, Emanuele Callegari, Marco Di Luca, Mattia Calzolari, Valentina Mastrantonio, Daniele Porretta, Gentile Francesco Ficetola, Davide Sassera, Paolo Gabrieli, Claudio Bandi, Sara Epis","doi":"10.1186/s13071-024-06478-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-024-06478-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mosquitoes (Culicidae), as disease vectors, represent a risk for human health worldwide. Repeated introductions of alien mosquito species and the spread of invasive species have been recorded in different countries. Traditionally, identification of mosquitoes relies on morphological observation. However, morphology-based identification is associated with a number of potential disadvantages, such as the high level of specialisation of the operator and its limited applicability to damaged samples. In these cases, species identification is achieved through molecular methods based on DNA amplification. Molecular-based taxonomy has also enabled the development of techniques for the study of environmental DNA (eDNA). Previous studies indicated the 16S mitochondrial ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene as a promising target for this application; however, 16S rRNA sequences are available for only a limited number of mosquito species. In addition, although primers for the 16S rRNA gene were designed years ago, they are based on limited numbers of mosquito sequences. Thus, the aims of this study were to: (i) design pan-mosquito 16S rRNA gene primers; (ii) using these primers, generate a 16S rRNA gene mosquito reference library (with a focus on mosquitoes present in Italy); and (iii) compare the discriminatory power of the 16S rRNA gene with two widely used molecular markers, cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 mitochondrial gene (COI) and internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of six mosquito genera (28 mosquito species) were included in this study: Aedes (n = 16 species), Anopheles (5 species), Coquillettidia (1 species), Culex (3 species), Culiseta (2 species) and Uranotaenia (1 species). DNA was extracted from the whole mosquito body, and more than one specimen for each species was included in the analysis. Sanger sequencing was used to generate DNA sequences that were then analysed through the Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD). Phylogenetic analyses were also performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Novel 16S rDNA gene, COI and ITS2 sequences were generated. The 16S rRNA gene was shown to possess sufficient informativeness for the identification of mosquito species, with a discriminatory power equivalent to that of COI.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study contributes to the generation of DNA barcode libraries, focussed on Italian mosquitoes, with a significant increase in the number of 16S rRNA gene sequences. We hope that these novel sequences will provide a resource for studies on the biodiversity, monitoring and metabarcoding of mosquitoes, including eDNA-based approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":19793,"journal":{"name":"Parasites & Vectors","volume":"17 1","pages":"407"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11439297/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142351519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasticity of blood feeding behavior of Anopheles mosquitoes in Ethiopia: a systematic review.","authors":"Temesgen Ashine, Abena Kochora, Hailu Shibru, Alemayehu Bekele, Muluken Assefa, Bedasa Gidisa, Nigatu Negash, David Weetman, Tadesse Awoke Ayele, Endalamaw Gadisa, Fekadu Massebo","doi":"10.1186/s13071-024-06493-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13071-024-06493-1","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;The efficacy of vector control tools depends on the behavior of the vector species. Many studies have sought to determine the feeding behavior of Anopheles mosquitoes in different settings of Ethiopia. We have performed a systematic review aimed to generate pooled evidence on the overall and species-specific blood meal sources of Anopheles mosquitoes in Ethiopia.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A search for relevant articles was performed in two electronic databases (PubMed and Science Direct) and three search engines (Google Scholar, Research Gate and Google) between 11 March and 2 April 2024. Following the initial identification of articles, we used EndNote X8 software and removed duplicate articles and screened the remaining articles by careful reading of their titles and abstracts. The full text of articles that passed this screening phase was retrieved, read and evaluated against predetermined selection criteria. The final decision for inclusion in the systematic review was made after a methodological quality check using the JBI critical appraisal checklist. All relevant data were extracted from tables, figures and texts of the included articles using a premade template in Excel, and the data were analyzed using Stata version 14 software.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Of the 2431 studies identified, 27 met the inclusion criteria; all were published between 1997 and 2024. At 215 data points (frequency of tests of each Anopheles species by location and method of mosquito collections), 18,771 Anopheles mosquitoes belonging to 23 species or species complexes were tested for blood meal sources. The commonest sources of blood meals for Anopheles mosquitoes were bovine (36.0%, n = 6758) and human (29.4%, n = 5520). Among the tested anophelines, Anopheles (An.) arabiensis accounted for 67.9% (n = 12,741), followed by An. pharoensis, An. demeilloni and An. stephensi at 10.0%, 5.6% and 4.4%, respectively. Overall, there was no difference in the mean proportion of An. arabiensis detected with domestic animal blood (33.4%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 32.4-34.4%) and those detected with human blood (31.8%, 95% CI 30.9-32.8%). However, a greater proportion of the outdoor collected An. arabiensis were found to feed on bovines (47.9%, 95% CI 35.3-60.6) compared to humans (12.9%, 95% CI 0.8-24.9, P &lt; 0.01). The foraging ratio (FR), which accounts for host availability, was greater for bovines (FR = 0.7) than for humans (FR = 0.2) for An. arabiensis, indicating preferential feeding on bovine hosts. This host preference was supported by the host preference index (human:bovine = 0.4). Anopheles pharoensis was detected with a slightly higher human blood index (53.5%, n = 1005) compared to bovine blood index (45.2%, n = 849). In contrast, An. demeilloni, An. coustani and An. marshalli were detected with a higher bovine blood index. Recently invaded urban malaria vector, An. stephensi was found with a higher ovine blood index.&lt;/p","PeriodicalId":19793,"journal":{"name":"Parasites & Vectors","volume":"17 1","pages":"408"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11439269/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142351520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The spatial relationship between leishmaniases and sand flies in Europe and neighboring countries.","authors":"Eduardo Berriatua, Pedro Pérez-Cutillas, Aurora González Vidal, Olivier J T Briët","doi":"10.1186/s13071-024-06484-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-024-06484-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Leishmania infantum is endemic in Europe (and elsewhere) while L. donovani s.s., L. tropica and L. major are not but are present in neighboring countries in North Africa, the Middle East, (the Asian part of) Turkey and the Southern Caucasus. Lists of sand fly vector species in the scientific literature vary with the criteria for vector incrimination, and criteria vary because, for some, evidence is difficult to generate. With minimal criteria, about 20 sand fly species are proven or suspected vectors of L. infantum in Europe and neighboring countries, while for L. tropica and L. major, there are seven and four proven or suspected vector species, respectively, in this area. For L. donovani s.s., present in Cyprus, the Middle East and (the Asian part of) Turkey, no local vectors have been incriminated so far. The aim was to assess the degree of spatial agreement between Leishmania spp. and various vectors species and their relative contribution to the explained variation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used multivariate regression modeling to analyze the spatial relationship between autochthonous Leishmania spp. and clinical forms in humans and animals and 14 Phlebotomus spp. in Europe and neighboring countries.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was only fair agreement between parasite and vector distributions. The most parsimonious models describing the distribution of Leishmania spp. and clinical forms included three to six sand fly species and explained between 12% (L. infantum) and 37% (L. donovani) of the observed variation. Selected models included confirmed and suspected vector species as well as unexpected species.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The relatively low agreement between Leishmania and vector distributions highlights the need to improve leishmaniasis reporting and vector surveillance in areas where no information is available, both for a better understanding of the epidemiology of infection in endemic areas and to monitor possible spread of infection into non-endemic areas. While some of the unexpected sand fly-Leishmania spp. statistical associations might be spurious, for others, the existence of sporadic or recent reports of infections warrants further vector competence studies that consider strain variation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19793,"journal":{"name":"Parasites & Vectors","volume":"17 1","pages":"404"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11437717/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142351522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the cross-resistance of Aedes albopictus (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae) to deltamethrin and pyriproxyfen.","authors":"Ling-Qun Lin, Ya-Hui Chen, Yi-Fan Tian, Yu-Sen Chen, Zhao-Yang Zheng, Jing-Xin Wu, Fen Hu, Cheng Wu, Li-Hua Xie","doi":"10.1186/s13071-024-06485-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-024-06485-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Insecticide resistance poses a significant challenge in the implementation of vector-borne disease control strategies. We have assessed the resistance levels of Aedes albopictus to deltamethrin and pyriproxyfen (PPF) in Fujian Province (China) and investigated the correlation between these resistance levels and mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The WHO bioassay protocol was used to evaluate the resistance coefficient of Ae. albopictus to deltamethrin and PPF, comparing a susceptible population from the Foshan (FS) area with wild populations from the Sanming (SM), Quanzhou (QZ), Zhangzhou (ZZ), Putian (PT) and Fuzhou (FZ) areas in Fujian Province. Genomic DNA was analyzed by PCR and sequencing to detect knockdown resistance (kdr) in the VGSC, specifically at the pyrethroid resistance alleles V1016V, I1532I and F1534F. Molecular docking was also performed to analyze the binding interactions of PPF and its metabolite 4'-OH-PPF to cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C19, 2C9 and 3A4 and Ae. albopictus methoprene-tolerant receptors (AeMet), respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analysis of resistance to deltamethrin and PPF among Ae. albopictus populations from the various regions revealed that except for the sensitive population in FS and the SM population, the remaining four regional populations demonstrated resistance levels ranging from 4.31- to 18.87-fold for deltamethrin and from 2.85- to 3.62-fold for PPF. Specifically, the FZ and PT populations exhibited high resistance to deltamethrin, whereas the ZZ and QZ populations approached moderate resistance levels. Also, the resistance of the FZ, PT and ZZ populations to PPF increased slowly but consistently with the increasing trend of deltamethrin resistance. Genomic analysis identified multiple non-synonymous mutations within the VGSC gene; the F1534S and F1534L mutations showed significant resistance to deltamethrin in Ae. albopictus. Molecular docking results revealed that PPF and its metabolite 4'-OH-PPF bind to the Ae. albopictus AeMet receptor and CYP2C19.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The wild Ae. albopictus populations of Fujian Province showed varying degrees of resistance to deltamethrin and PPF and a trend of cross-resistance to deltamethrin and PPF. Increased vigilance is needed for potential higher levels of cross-resistance, especially in the PT and FZ regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":19793,"journal":{"name":"Parasites & Vectors","volume":"17 1","pages":"403"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11438187/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142351521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antigenic reactivity of Leishmania (Viannia) lainsoni axenic amastigote proved to be a suitable alternative for optimizing Montenegro skin test.","authors":"Leonardo Viana de Melo, Thiago Vasconcelos Dos Santos, Patrícia Karla Ramos, Luciana Vieira Lima, Marliane Batista Campos, Fernando Tobias Silveira","doi":"10.1186/s13071-024-06486-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-024-06486-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Laboratory diagnosis of American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) requires a tool amenable to the epidemiological status of ACL in Brazil. Montenegro skin test (MST), an efficient immunological tool used for laboratory diagnosis of ACL, induces delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response to the promastigote antigens of Leishmania; however, human immune responses against infection are modulated by the amastigote of the parasite. Leishmania (V.) lainsoni induces strong cellular immunity in humans; therefore, the antigenic reactivity of its axenic amastigote (AMA antigen) to MST was evaluated for the laboratory diagnosis of ACL.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Among 70 individuals examined, 60 had a laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of ACL; 53 had localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (LCL), and 7 had mucosal leishmaniasis (ML). Patients were treated at the Evandro Chagas Institute's leishmaniasis clinic, Pará State, Brazil. Ten healthy individuals with no history of ACL (control group) were also examined. Leishmania (V.) braziliensis promastigote antigen (PRO) was used to compare the reactivity with that of AMA antigen. Paired Student's t-test, kappa agreement, and Spearman test were used to evaluate the reactivity of AMA and PRO.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean reactivity of AMA in ACL patients was 19.4 mm ± 13.3, which was higher (P < 0.001) than that of PRO: 12.1 mm ± 8.1. MST reactivity according to the clinical forms revealed that AMA reactivity in LCL and ML, 18.8 mm ± 13.3 and 24.3 mm ± 13.7, was higher (P < 0.001) than that of PRO, 11.8 mm ± 8.2 and 14.6 mm ± 8.4, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>AMA reactivity was higher than that of PRO, indicating that AMA is a promising alternative for optimizing MST in the laboratory diagnosis of ACL.</p>","PeriodicalId":19793,"journal":{"name":"Parasites & Vectors","volume":"17 1","pages":"402"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11438107/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142351518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Overview of paratransgenesis as a strategy to control pathogen transmission by insect vectors.","authors":"Norman A Ratcliffe, Joao P Furtado Pacheco, Paul Dyson, Helena Carla Castro, Marcelo S Gonzalez, Patricia Azambuja, Cicero B Mello","doi":"10.1186/s13071-024-06492-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-024-06492-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19793,"journal":{"name":"Parasites & Vectors","volume":"17 1","pages":"405"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11438218/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142336506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}