Parasites & Vectors最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence and drivers of malaria infection among asymptomatic and symptomatic community members in five regions with varying transmission intensity in mainland Tanzania.","authors":"Gervas A Chacha, Filbert Francis, Salehe S Mandai, Misago D Seth, Rashid A Madebe, Daniel P Challe, Daniel A Petro, Dativa Pereus, Ramadhani Moshi, Rule Budodo, Angelina J Kisambale, Ruth B Mbwambo, Catherine Bakari, Sijenunu Aaron, Daniel Mbwambo, Stella Kajange, Samuel Lazaro, Ntuli Kapologwe, Celine I Mandara, Deus S Ishengoma","doi":"10.1186/s13071-024-06639-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13071-024-06639-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite implementation of effective interventions in the past two decades, malaria is still a major public health problem in Tanzania. This study assessed the prevalence and drivers of malaria infections among symptomatic and asymptomatic members of selected communities from five regions with varying endemicity in mainland Tanzania.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional community survey was conducted in five districts, including one district/region in Kagera, Kigoma, Njombe, Ruvuma and Tanga from July to August 2023. Participants aged ≥ 6 months were recruited and tested using rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs). Demographic, anthropometric, clinical, parasitological, type of house, and socio-economic status (SES) data were captured using structured questionnaires. Associations between parasite prevalence and potential drivers were determined by logistic regression, and the results were presented as crude (cOR) and adjusted odds ratios (aOR), with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 10,228 individuals tested, 3515 (34.4%) had positive results by RDTs. The prevalence of malaria varied from 21.6% in Tanga to 44.4% in Kagera, and from 14.4% to 68.5% among the different villages (P < 0.001). The odds of malaria infections were higher in males (aOR = 1.32, 95% CI 1.19-1.48, P < 0.001), under-fives (aOR = 2.02, 95% CI 1.74-2.40, P < 0.001), schoolchildren [aged 5-9 years (aOR = 3.23, 95% CI 1.19-1.48, P < 0.001) and 10-14 years (aOR = 3.53, 95% CI 3.03-4.11, P < 0.001)], and non-bednet users (aOR = 1.49, 95% CI 1.29-1.72, P < 0.001). Individuals from households with low SES (aOR = 1.40, 95% CI 1.16-1.69, P < 0.001), or living in houses with open windows (aOR = 1.24, 95% CI 1.06-1.45, P < 0.001) and/or holes on the walls (aOR = 1.43, 95% CI 1.14-1.81, P < 0.001) also had higher odds.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Malaria prevalence varied widely across regions and villages, and the odds of infections were higher in males, schoolchildren, non-bednet users, and individuals with low SES or living in houses with open windows and/or holes on the walls. The identified vulnerable groups and hotspots should be targeted with specific interventions to reduce the disease burden and support the ongoing malaria elimination efforts in Tanzania.</p>","PeriodicalId":19793,"journal":{"name":"Parasites & Vectors","volume":"18 1","pages":"24"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11760675/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143040688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of fine antigenic epitopes of Tamdy virus glycoprotein Gn fragment and establishment of ELISA detection method.","authors":"Yujiao Fu, Liping Liu, Beibei Zhang, Xiaoshan Chao, Junxia Jin, Ying Wang, Juntao Ding","doi":"10.1186/s13071-024-06646-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13071-024-06646-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tamdy virus (TAMV) was first isolated in Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan. In 2018, it was found in China, marking its entry into the molecular research era. TAMV is linked to febrile diseases, but its epidemiology and spillover risks are poorly understood, necessitating urgent molecular research and detection method development.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The secondary structure of TAMV glycoprotein Gn was predicted, and the results showed that it had rich antigenic epitopes. According to the predicted results, glycoprotein Gn was divided into 46 truncated 16-peptides by modified synthetic peptide method, and the antigenicity of 46 truncated 16-peptides was verified by western blotting analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that P8, P9, P24, P25, P28, P29, and P39 had antigenicity. Subsequently, the seven positive 16-peptide sequences with antigenicity were truncated to form 8-peptide sequences with an overlap of seven amino acids. After analysis with the same method, eight fine antigenic epitopes E1 (⁵⁸VINSTLDH⁶⁵), E2 (⁶⁵HVGSWGMP⁷²), E3 (⁶⁸SWGMPVTT⁷⁵), E4 (¹⁸⁷IRNQPFKS¹⁹⁴), E5 (¹⁹⁵FNVEVQ²⁰⁰), E6 (²²⁶AVVEHH²³¹), E7 (²²⁸VEHHGNKA²³⁵), and E8 (³¹⁰RGGRR³¹⁴) were identified, all of which were located on the three-dimensional surface of glycoprotein Gn and were highly conserved in different TAMV strains.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Eight precise epitopes were identified, and an indirect ELISA method based on fusion multiepitope peptide (r-Gn-MEPX₂) was developed and implemented, featuring high sensitivity, accuracy, and specificity.</p>","PeriodicalId":19793,"journal":{"name":"Parasites & Vectors","volume":"18 1","pages":"26"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11762889/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143040677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge, attitudes and practices of Australian dairy goat farmers towards the control of gastrointestinal parasites.","authors":"Endris A Ali, Ghazanfar Abbas, Ian Beveridge, Sandra Baxendell, Berwyn Squire, Mark A Stevenson, Abdul Ghafar, Abdul Jabbar","doi":"10.1186/s13071-024-06650-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13071-024-06650-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Gastrointestinal parasites such as nematodes and coccidia are responsible for significant economic losses in the goat industry globally. An indiscriminate use of antiparasitic drugs, primarily registered for use in sheep and cattle, in goats has resulted in drug-resistant gastrointestinal parasites. Very little is known about the gastrointestinal parasite control practices used by Australian dairy goat farmers that are pivotal for achieving sustainable control of economically important parasites. The study reported here provides insights into gastrointestinal parasite control practices of Australian dairy goat farmers based on responses to an online survey.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The questionnaire comprised 58 questions on farm demography, husbandry and grazing management, knowledge of gastrointestinal parasites and their importance in dairy goats, diagnosis of infections, antiparasitic drugs and alternate control options. After a pilot survey (n = 15 respondents), a link to the questionnaire was available to all (n = 456) registered members of the Dairy Goat Society of Australia Ltd from 17 April to 16 June 2023. Multiple correspondence analyses (MCA) were performed to explore the association between selected parasite control practices.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 66 (14%) respondents completed the questionnaire. Of these, 74% (49/66) observed parasite-related illnesses in their goats; two-thirds of them assessed worms burden using faecal egg counts (FECs), with 26% (39/149) deworming their goats based on the results of the FECs. Most respondents (97%; 183/188) perceived that gastrointestinal parasites caused production losses and ranked Haemonchus contortus as the most important parasite. Anitparasitic drugs were used by 94% (62/66) of respondents, with the most frequently used anthelmintics being a commercial combination of four anthelmintics (levamisole, closantel, albendazole and abamectin), benzimidazoles and macrocyclic lactones. Most respondents (77%; 51/66) were unaware of anthelmintic resistance on their property. MCA results delineated two clusters of gastrointestinal parasites management.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study provides insights into the demography of Australian dairy goat farms, the husbandry and grazing practices used by dairy goat farmers, their knowledge regarding gastrointestinal parasites and their practices for internal parasite control, thereby paving the way for tackling drug resistance in gastrointestinal parasites in dairy goats.</p>","PeriodicalId":19793,"journal":{"name":"Parasites & Vectors","volume":"18 1","pages":"25"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11761722/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143040681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing tick attachments to humans with citizen science data: spatio-temporal mapping in Switzerland from 2015 to 2021 using spatialMaxent.","authors":"Lisa Bald, Nils Ratnaweera, Tomislav Hengl, Patrick Laube, Jürg Grunder, Werner Tischhauser, Netra Bhandari, Dirk Zeuss","doi":"10.1186/s13071-024-06636-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13071-024-06636-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ticks are the primary vectors of numerous zoonotic pathogens, transmitting more pathogens than any other blood-feeding arthropod. In the northern hemisphere, tick-borne disease cases in humans, such as Lyme borreliosis and tick-borne encephalitis, have risen in recent years, and are a significant burden on public healthcare systems. The spread of these diseases is further reinforced by climate change, which leads to expanding tick habitats. Switzerland is among the countries in which tick-borne diseases are a major public health concern, with increasing incidence rates reported in recent years.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In response to these challenges, the \"Tick Prevention\" app was developed by the Zurich University of Applied Sciences and operated by A&K Strategy Ltd. in Switzerland. The app allows for the collection of large amounts of data on tick attachment to humans through a citizen science approach. In this study, citizen science data were utilized to map tick attachment to humans in Switzerland at a 100 m spatial resolution, on a monthly basis, for the years 2015 to 2021. The maps were created using a state-of-the-art modeling approach with the software extension spatialMaxent, which accounts for spatial autocorrelation when creating Maxent models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our results consist of 84 maps displaying the risk of tick attachments to humans in Switzerland, with the model showing good overall performance, with median <math><msub><mtext>AUC</mtext> <mtext>ROC</mtext></msub> </math> values ranging from 0.82 in 2018 to 0.92 in 2017 and 2021 and convincing spatial distribution, verified by tick experts for Switzerland. Our study reveals that tick attachment to humans is particularly high at the edges of settlement areas, especially in sparsely built-up suburban regions with green spaces, while it is lower in densely urbanized areas. Additionally, forested areas near cities also show increased risk levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This mapping aims to guide public health interventions to reduce human exposure to ticks and to inform the resource planning of healthcare facilities. Our findings suggest that citizen science data can be valuable for modeling and mapping tick attachment risk, indicating the potential of citizen science data for use in epidemiological surveillance and public healthcare planning.</p>","PeriodicalId":19793,"journal":{"name":"Parasites & Vectors","volume":"18 1","pages":"22"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11759452/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143029187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pretreatment with serine protease inhibitors impairs Leishmania amazonensis survival on macrophages.","authors":"Patrícia de Almeida Machado, Pollyanna Stephanie Gomes, Elaine Soares Coimbra, Herbert Leonel de Matos Guedes","doi":"10.1186/s13071-024-06630-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13071-024-06630-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Leishmaniases are neglected tropical diseases with great clinical and epidemiological importance. The current chemotherapy available for the treatment of leishmaniasis presents several problems, such as adverse effects, toxicity, long treatment time, and parasite resistance. The discovery of new therapeutic alternatives is extremely essential, and the discovery of cellular targets is a tool that helps in the development of new drugs. Serine proteases emerge as important virulence factors in the Leishmania genus, as they participate in important processes involved in their infectivity, virulence, and survival. In this work, we evaluated the leishmanicidal effect of different serine protease inhibitors (Benzamidine, PF-429242, PMSF, TLCK, and TPCK). Additionally, we determined the implication of pretreatment with these inhibitors on the entry and survival of parasites within macrophages, as well as the conversion of promastigotes into amastigotes, to discover the importance of serine proteases in the establishment of infection and, consequently, as targets for new drugs for Leishmania.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In general, the inhibitors had low toxicity in host macrophages, and three showed some effect in promastigote and amastigote forms of L. amazonensis (PF-429242, TLCK, and TPCK). Using a short incubation interval, we pretreated L. amazonensis promastigotes with these five compounds before in vitro infection. Pretreatment with PF-429242, TLCK, and TPCK considerably compromised the survival of these parasites inside host macrophages, without altering the entry of promastigotes into these cells and differentiation into amastigotes. In addition, treatment with PF-429242 and TPCK was able to reduce the serine proteases' enzymatic activity using subtilisin substrate on L. amazonensis promastigote lysate.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This work highlights the importance of serine proteases in L. amazonensis as a possible target for new therapeutic alternatives in Leishmania spp.</p>","PeriodicalId":19793,"journal":{"name":"Parasites & Vectors","volume":"18 1","pages":"23"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11760092/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143060260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First report of Haemaphysalis bispinosa, molecular-geographic relationships of Ixodes granulatus and a new Dermacentor species from Vietnam.","authors":"Sándor Hornok, Jenő Kontschán, Gergő Keve, Nóra Takács, Dat Van Nguyen, Khanh Ngoc Phuong Ho, Tamás Görföl, Yuanzhi Wang, Róbert Farkas, Thanh Thi Ha Dao","doi":"10.1186/s13071-024-06641-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13071-024-06641-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Vietnam and its region are regarded as an ixodid tick biodiversity hotspot for at least two genera: Haemaphysalis and Dermacentor. To contribute to our knowledge on the tick fauna of this country, ticks from these two genera as well as an Ixodes species were analyzed morphologically and their molecular-phylogenetic relationships were examined in taxonomic and geographical contexts.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>For this study, seven Haemaphysalis sp. ticks were removed from dogs and collected from the vegetation. These showed morphological differences from congeneric species known to occur in Vietnam. In addition, three Ixodes sp. ticks were collected from pygmy slow lorises (Xanthonycticebus pygmaeus), and a Dermacentor female had been previously collected from the vegetation. After DNA extraction, these were molecularly or phylogenetically analyzed based on the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (cox1) and 16S rRNA genes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The three species were morphologically identified as (i) Ixodes granulatus, which had nearly or exactly 100% sequence identities to conspecific ticks reported from large (approximately 2000 km) geographical distances but was more different (having lower, only 94.2% cox1 and 96.7% 16S rRNA sequence identity) from samples collected within 1000 km of Vietnam in Southern China and Malaysia, respectively; (ii) Haemaphysalis bispinosa, which showed 100% sequence identity to samples reported within both narrow and broad geographical ranges; and (iii) a new species, Dermacentor pseudotamokensis Hornok sp. nov., described here morphologically and shown to be phylogenetically a sister species to Dermacentor tamokensis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Haemaphysalis bispinosa shows genetic homogeneity in the whole of South and Southeast Asia, probably owing to its frequent association with domestic ruminants and dogs (i.e. frequently transported hosts). However, I. granulatus, the Asian rodent tick, has a mixed geographical pattern of haplotypes, probably because it may associate with either synanthropic or wild-living rodents as primary hosts. This tick species is recorded here, for the first time to our knowledge, as parasitizing lorises in Vietnam and its region. Based on phylogenetic analyses, D. pseudotamokensis Hornok sp. nov., recognized and described here for the first time, was almost certainly misidentified previously as Dermacentor steini, drawing attention to the need to barcode all Dermacentor spp. in Southern Asia.</p>","PeriodicalId":19793,"journal":{"name":"Parasites & Vectors","volume":"18 1","pages":"21"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11755799/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143029192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First autochthonous case of Opisthorchis felineus in Austria.","authors":"Lisa-Maria Kulmer, Maria Sophia Unterköfler, Yasamin Vali, Ilse Schwendenwein, Nicole Luckschander-Zeller","doi":"10.1186/s13071-025-06659-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13071-025-06659-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Opisthorchis felineus is a feline pathogen with zoonotic potential that can be a causative agent of human opisthorchiasis and cholangiocarcinoma. In Europe, O. felineus is particularly endemic in Eastern European countries, while this parasite has also been sporadically detected in Germany, Italy and northern Poland. Parts of Asia, such as Russia, Ukraine and Kazakhstan, are also affected.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A 7-year-old female neutered European Shorthair cat, without any traveling history, presented in May 2023 with weight loss, anorexia and vomiting.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The cat showed increased liver enzyme activities, hyperbilirubinemia and hyperammonemia consistent with the suspected diagnosis of cholangitis with consecutive hepatoencephalopathy. Eggs of O. felineus were detected by routine cytological examination of bile smears and PCR confirmed O. felineus.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This is the first report of autochthonous O. felineus infection in Austria.</p>","PeriodicalId":19793,"journal":{"name":"Parasites & Vectors","volume":"18 1","pages":"20"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11752621/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143009463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Fluralaner systemic treatment of chickens results in mortality in Triatoma gerstaeckeri, vector of the agent of Chagas disease.","authors":"Cassandra Durden, Yuexun Tian, Koyle Knape, Cory Klemashevich, Keri N Norman, John B Carey, Sarah A Hamer, Gabriel L Hamer","doi":"10.1186/s13071-025-06667-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13071-025-06667-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19793,"journal":{"name":"Parasites & Vectors","volume":"18 1","pages":"19"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11749398/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143009390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insecticide resistant Anopheles from Ethiopia but not Burkina Faso show a microbiota composition shift upon insecticide exposure.","authors":"Netsanet Worku, Antoine Sanou, Juliane Hartke, Marion Morris, Fatoumata Cissé, Salimata Ouédraogo, Madou Tapsoba, Nicola Vallon, Tewodros Debebe Akilu, Ligabaw Worku, Moussa Wamdaogo Guelbeogo, Victoria A Ingham","doi":"10.1186/s13071-024-06638-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13071-024-06638-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Malaria remains a key contributor to mortality and morbidity across Africa, with the highest burden in children under 5. Insecticide-based vector control tools, which target the adult Anopheles mosquitoes, are the most efficacious tool in disease prevention. Due to the widespread use of these interventions, insecticide resistance to the most used classes of insecticides is now pervasive across Africa. Understanding the underlying mechanisms contributing to this phenotype is necessary to both track the spread of resistance and to design new tools to overcome it.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Here, we compare the microbiota composition of insecticide-resistant populations of Anopheles gambiae, An. coluzzii and An. arabiensis from Burkina Faso, and in the latter case additionally from Ethiopia, to insecticide-susceptible populations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We show that the microbiota composition between insecticide-resistant and -susceptible populations does not differ in Burkina Faso. This result is supported by data from laboratory colonies originating in Burkina Faso across two countries. In contrast, An. arabiensis from Ethiopia demonstrates clear differences in microbiota composition in those dying from and those surviving insecticide exposure. To further understand resistance in this An. arabiensis population, we performed RNAseq and saw differential expression of detoxification genes associated with insecticide resistance and changes in respiration, metabolism and synapse-related ion channels.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results indicate that, in addition to changes in the transcriptome, microbiota can contribute to insecticide resistance in certain settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":19793,"journal":{"name":"Parasites & Vectors","volume":"18 1","pages":"17"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11748507/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143009487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Demographic and historical processes influencing Cochliomyia hominivorax (Diptera: Calliphoridae) population structure across South America.","authors":"Kelly da Silva E Souza, Letícia Chiara Baldassio de Paula, Ana Maria Lima de Azeredo-Espin, Tatiana Teixeira Torres","doi":"10.1186/s13071-024-06622-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13071-024-06622-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In this study, we investigated the genetic variability and population structure of the New World screwworm fly Cochliomyia hominivorax. We tested the hypothesis that the species exhibits a center-periphery distribution of genetic variability, with higher genetic diversity in central populations (e.g., Brazil) and lower diversity in peripheral populations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using microsatellite markers, we analyzed larvae collected from infested livestock across South America. The larvae were collected directly from various wound sites to ensure a broad representation of genetic diversity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Contrary to our initial hypothesis, the results revealed consistent genetic variability across the species' distribution, low population differentiation, and no evidence of isolation-by-distance patterns among subpopulations. The genetic analysis indicated an excess of homozygotes, potentially due to the Wahlund effect, null alleles, or selection pressure.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest a complex metapopulation structure for C. hominivorax, challenging classical population genetics models. This complexity likely arises from the species' high dispersal capability and frequent local extinctions followed by recolonization. These results have important implications for the design and implementation of control programs, emphasizing the need for coordinated and large-scale actions rather than isolated initiatives.</p>","PeriodicalId":19793,"journal":{"name":"Parasites & Vectors","volume":"18 1","pages":"18"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11748309/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143009459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}