Perspectives on Psychological Science最新文献_第8页

How Genetic-Conflict Theory Can Inform Studies of Human Nature. 基因冲突理论如何为人性研究提供启示。

IF 12.6 1区心理学

Perspectives on Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-02-12 DOI: 10.1177/17456916241227152

Jessica D Ayers

引用次数: 0

Subjective Confidence as a Monitor of the Replicability of the Response. 主观信心是反应可复制性的监测器。

IF 12.6 1区心理学

Perspectives on Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-02-06 DOI: 10.1177/17456916231224387

Asher Koriat

{"title":"Subjective Confidence as a Monitor of the Replicability of the Response.","authors":"Asher Koriat","doi":"10.1177/17456916231224387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17456916231224387","url":null,"abstract":"Confidence is commonly assumed to monitor the accuracy of responses. However, intriguing results, examined in the light of philosophical discussions of epistemic justification, suggest that confidence actually monitors the reliability of choices rather than (directly) their accuracy. The focus on reliability is consistent with the view that the construction of truth has much in common with the construction of reality: extracting reliable properties that afford prediction. People are assumed to make a binary choice by sampling cues from a \"collective wisdomware,\" and their confidence is based on the consistency of these cues, in line with the self-consistency model. Here, however, I propose that internal consistency is taken to index the reliability of choices themselves-the likelihood that they will be repeated. The results of 10 studies using binary decisions from different domains indicated that confidence in a choice predicts its replicability both within individuals and across individuals. This was so for domains for which choices have a truth value and for those for which they do not. For the former domains, differences in replicability mediated the prediction of accuracy whether confidence was diagnostic or counterdiagnostic of accuracy. Metatheoretical, methodological, and practical implications are discussed.","PeriodicalId":19757,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Psychological Science","volume":" ","pages":"17456916231224387"},"PeriodicalIF":12.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139697939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Colonial History of Systemic Racism: Insights for Psychological Science. 系统性种族主义的殖民史：对心理科学的启示

IF 12.6 1区心理学

Perspectives on Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-02-05 DOI: 10.1177/17456916231223932

Kevin R Tarlow

引用次数: 0

Motivation Science Can Improve Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) Trainings. 激励科学可改善多样性、公平性和包容性（DEI）培训。

IF 12.6 1区心理学

Perspectives on Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-01-29 DOI: 10.1177/17456916231186410

Nicole Legate, Netta Weinstein

{"title":"Motivation Science Can Improve Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) Trainings.","authors":"Nicole Legate, Netta Weinstein","doi":"10.1177/17456916231186410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17456916231186410","url":null,"abstract":"Recent reviews of efforts to reduce prejudice and increase diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) in the workplace have converged on the conclusion that prejudice is resistant to change and that merely raising awareness of the problem is not enough. There is growing recognition that DEI efforts may fall short because they do not effectively motivate attitudinal and behavioral change, especially the type of change that translates to reducing disparities. Lasting change requires sustained effort and commitment, yet insights from motivation science about how to inspire this are missing from the scientific and practitioner literatures on DEI trainings. Herein, we leverage evidence from two complementary approaches to motivating change and reducing defensiveness: self-determination theory, a metatheory of human motivation, and motivational interviewing, a clinical approach for behavior change, to tackle the question of how to improve DEI efforts. We distill these insights for researchers, teachers, practitioners, and leaders wanting to apply motivational principles to their own DEI work. We highlight challenges of using this approach and recommend training takes place alongside larger structural and organizational changes. We conclude that motivation is a necessary (but insufficient) ingredient for effective DEI efforts that can energize personal commitment to DEI.","PeriodicalId":19757,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Psychological Science","volume":" ","pages":"17456916231186410"},"PeriodicalIF":12.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139576293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Metacognitive Feelings: A Predictive-Processing Perspective. 元认知感受：预测处理视角。

IF 12.6 1区心理学

Perspectives on Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-01-29 DOI: 10.1177/17456916231221976

Pablo Fernández Velasco, Slawa Loev

{"title":"Metacognitive Feelings: A Predictive-Processing Perspective.","authors":"Pablo Fernández Velasco, Slawa Loev","doi":"10.1177/17456916231221976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17456916231221976","url":null,"abstract":"Metacognitive feelings are affective experiences that concern the subject's mental processes and capacities. Paradigmatic examples include the feeling of familiarity, the feeling of confidence, or the tip-of-the-tongue experience. In this article, we advance an account of metacognitive feelings based on the predictive-processing framework. The core tenet of predictive processing is that the brain is a hierarchical hypothesis-testing mechanism, predicting sensory input on the basis of prior experience and updating predictions on the basis of the incoming prediction error. According to the proposed account, metacognitive feelings arise out of a process in which visceral changes serve as cues to predict the error dynamics relating to a particular mental process. The expected rate of prediction-error reduction corresponds to the valence at the core of the emerging metacognitive feeling. Metacognitive feelings use prediction dynamics to model the agent's situation in a way that is both descriptive and directive. Thus, metacognitive feelings are not only an appraisal of ongoing cognitive performance but also a set of action policies. These action policies span predictive trajectories across bodily action, mental action, and interoceptive changes, which together transform the epistemic landscape within which metacognitive feelings unfold.","PeriodicalId":19757,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Psychological Science","volume":" ","pages":"17456916231221976"},"PeriodicalIF":12.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139576280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Effect of Income and Wealth on Behavioral Strategies, Personality Traits, and Preferences. 收入和财富对行为策略、个性特征和偏好的影响。

IF 12.6 1区心理学

Perspectives on Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-01-23 DOI: 10.1177/17456916231201512

Mélusine Boon-Falleur, Nicolas Baumard, Jean-Baptiste André

{"title":"The Effect of Income and Wealth on Behavioral Strategies, Personality Traits, and Preferences.","authors":"Mélusine Boon-Falleur, Nicolas Baumard, Jean-Baptiste André","doi":"10.1177/17456916231201512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17456916231201512","url":null,"abstract":"Individuals living in either harsh or favorable environments display well-documented psychological and behavioral differences. For example, people in favorable environments tend to be more future-oriented, trust strangers more, and have more explorative preferences. To account for such differences, psychologists have turned to evolutionary biology and behavioral ecology, in particular, the literature on life-history theory and pace-of-life syndrome. However, critics have found that the theoretical foundations of these approaches are fragile and that differences in life expectancy cannot explain vast psychological and behavioral differences. In this article, we build on the theory of optimal resource allocation to propose an alternative framework. We hypothesize that the quantity of resources available, such as income, has downstream consequences on psychological traits, leading to the emergence of behavioral syndromes. We show that more resources lead to more long-term orientation, more tolerance of variance, and more investment in low marginal-benefit needs. At the behavioral level, this translates, among others, into more large-scale cooperation, more investment in health, and more exploration. These individual-level differences in behavior, in turn, account for cultural phenomena such as puritanism, authoritarianism, and innovation.","PeriodicalId":19757,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Psychological Science","volume":" ","pages":"17456916231201512"},"PeriodicalIF":12.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139542759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Interparental Positivity Spillover Theory: How Parents' Positive Relational Interactions Influence Children. 父母间积极性溢出理论：父母的积极关系互动如何影响子女。

IF 12.6 1区心理学

Perspectives on Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-01-22 DOI: 10.1177/17456916231220626

Brian P Don, Jeffry A Simpson, Barbara L Fredrickson, Sara B Algoe

{"title":"Interparental Positivity Spillover Theory: How Parents' Positive Relational Interactions Influence Children.","authors":"Brian P Don, Jeffry A Simpson, Barbara L Fredrickson, Sara B Algoe","doi":"10.1177/17456916231220626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17456916231220626","url":null,"abstract":"Interparental interactions have an important influence on child well-being and development. Yet prior theory and research have primarily focused on interparental conflict as contributing to child maladjustment, which leaves out the critical question of how interparental positive interactions-such as expressed gratitude, capitalization, and shared laughter-may benefit child growth and development. In this article, we integrate theory and research in family, relationship, and affective science to propose a new framework for understanding how the heretofore underexamined positive interparental interactions influence children: interparental positivity spillover theory (IPST). IPST proposes that, distinct from the influence of conflict, interparental positive interactions spill over into children's experiences in the form of their (a) experience of positive emotions, (b) beneficially altered perceptions of their parents, and (c) emulation of their parents' positive interpersonal behaviors. This spillover is theorized to promote beneficial cognitive, behavioral, social, and physiological outcomes in children in the short term (i.e., immediately after a specific episode of interparental positivity, or on a given day) as well as cumulatively across time. As a framework, IPST generates a host of novel and testable predictions to guide future research, all of which have important implications for the mental health, well-being, and positive development of children and families.","PeriodicalId":19757,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Psychological Science","volume":" ","pages":"17456916231220626"},"PeriodicalIF":12.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139521450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Sound of Emotional Prosody: Nearly 3 Decades of Research and Future Directions. 情感前奏的声音：近三十年的研究与未来方向》（The Sound of Emotional Prosody: Nearly 30 Decades of Research and Future Directions）。

IF 12.6 1区心理学

Perspectives on Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-01-17 DOI: 10.1177/17456916231217722

Pauline Larrouy-Maestri, David Poeppel, Marc D Pell

引用次数: 0

A Systematic Review and New Analyses of the Gender-Equality Paradox. 对性别平等悖论的系统回顾和新分析。

IF 12.6 1区心理学

Perspectives on Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-01-03 DOI: 10.1177/17456916231202685

Agneta Herlitz, Ida Hönig, Kåre Hedebrant, Martin Asperholm

{"title":"A Systematic Review and New Analyses of the Gender-Equality Paradox.","authors":"Agneta Herlitz, Ida Hönig, Kåre Hedebrant, Martin Asperholm","doi":"10.1177/17456916231202685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17456916231202685","url":null,"abstract":"Some studies show that living conditions, such as economy, gender equality, and education, are associated with the magnitude of psychological sex differences. We systematically and quantitatively reviewed 54 articles and conducted new analyses on 27 meta-analyses and large-scale studies to investigate the association between living conditions and psychological sex differences. We found that sex differences in personality, verbal abilities, episodic memory, and negative emotions are more pronounced in countries with higher living conditions. In contrast, sex differences in sexual behavior, partner preferences, and math are smaller in countries with higher living conditions. We also observed that economic indicators of living conditions, such as gross domestic product, are most sensitive in predicting the magnitude of sex differences. Taken together, results indicate that more sex differences are larger, rather than smaller, in countries with higher living conditions. It should therefore be expected that the magnitude of most psychological sex differences will remain unchanged or become more pronounced with improvements in living conditions, such as economy, gender equality, and education.","PeriodicalId":19757,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Psychological Science","volume":" ","pages":"17456916231202685"},"PeriodicalIF":12.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139087962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Rethinking Norm Psychology in Good Company. 在好伙伴中反思规范心理学》。

IF 12.6 1区心理学

Perspectives on Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-02 DOI: 10.1177/17456916231187398

Cecilia Heyes

引用次数: 0