Perspectives on Psychological Science最新文献_第6页

A Network Approach to Investigate the Dynamics of Individual and Collective Beliefs: Advances and Applications of the BENDING Model. 研究个人和集体信念动态的网络方法：BENDING 模型的进展与应用》。

IF 12.6 1区心理学

Perspectives on Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-07-25 DOI: 10.1177/17456916231185776

Madalina Vlasceanu, Ari M Dyckovsky, Alin Coman

引用次数: 0

Understanding Collective Intelligence: Investigating the Role of Collective Memory, Attention, and Reasoning Processes. 理解集体智慧：研究集体记忆、注意力和推理过程的作用。

IF 12.6 1区心理学

Perspectives on Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-29 DOI: 10.1177/17456916231191534

Anita Williams Woolley, Pranav Gupta

{"title":"Understanding Collective Intelligence: Investigating the Role of Collective Memory, Attention, and Reasoning Processes.","authors":"Anita Williams Woolley, Pranav Gupta","doi":"10.1177/17456916231191534","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17456916231191534","url":null,"abstract":"As society has come to rely on groups and technology to address many of its most challenging problems, there is a growing need to understand how technology-enabled, distributed, and dynamic collectives can be designed to solve a wide range of problems over time in the face of complex and changing environmental conditions-an ability we define as \"collective intelligence.\" We describe recent research on the Transaction Systems Model of Collective Intelligence (TSM-CI) that integrates literature from diverse areas of psychology to conceptualize the underpinnings of collective intelligence. The TSM-CI articulates the development and mutual adaptation of transactive memory, transactive attention, and transactive reasoning systems that together support the emergence and maintenance of collective intelligence. We also review related research on computational indicators of transactive-system functioning based on collaborative process behaviors that enable agent-based teammates to diagnose and potentially intervene to address developing issues. We conclude by discussing future directions in developing the TSM-CI to support research on developing collective human-machine intelligence and to identify ways to design technology to enhance it.","PeriodicalId":19757,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Psychological Science","volume":" ","pages":"344-354"},"PeriodicalIF":12.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10114220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Emerging Science of Interacting Minds. 互动思维的新兴科学

IF 10.5 1区心理学

Perspectives on Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-12-14 DOI: 10.1177/17456916231200177

Thalia Wheatley, Mark A Thornton, Arjen Stolk, Luke J Chang

引用次数: 0

Polarization and the Psychology of Collectives. 两极分化与集体心理学。

IF 12.6 1区心理学

Perspectives on Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-09 DOI: 10.1177/17456916231186614

Simon A Levin, Elke U Weber

引用次数: 0

Toward Understanding of the Social Hysteresis: Insights From Agent-Based Modeling. 对社会滞后的理解：基于Agent的建模。

IF 12.6 1区心理学

Perspectives on Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-09 DOI: 10.1177/17456916231195361

Katarzyna Sznajd-Weron, Arkadiusz Jȩdrzejewski, Barbara Kamińska

{"title":"Toward Understanding of the Social Hysteresis: Insights From Agent-Based Modeling.","authors":"Katarzyna Sznajd-Weron, Arkadiusz Jȩdrzejewski, Barbara Kamińska","doi":"10.1177/17456916231195361","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17456916231195361","url":null,"abstract":"Hysteresis has been used to understand various social phenomena, such as political polarization, the persistence of the vaccination-compliance problem, or the delayed response of employees in a firm to wage incentives. The aim of this article is to show the insights that can be gained from using agent-based models (ABMs) to study hysteresis. To build up an intuition about hysteresis, we start with an illustrative example from physics that demonstrates how hysteresis manifests as collective memory. Next, we present examples of hysteresis in psychology and social systems. We then present two simple ABMs of binary decisions-the Ising model and the q-voter model-to explain how hysteresis can be observed in ABMs. Specifically, we show that hysteresis can result from the influence of various external factors present in social systems, such as organizational polices, governmental laws, or mass media campaigns, as well as internal noise associated with random changes in agent decisions. Finally, we clarify the relationship between several closely related concepts such as order-disorder transitions or bifurcation, and we conclude the article with a discussion of the advantages of ABMs.","PeriodicalId":19757,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Psychological Science","volume":" ","pages":"511-521"},"PeriodicalIF":12.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41122630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Individuals, Collectives, and Individuals in Collectives: The Ineliminable Role of Dependence. 个人、集体和集体中的个人:依赖的不可消除作用。

IF 12.6 1区心理学

Perspectives on Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-27 DOI: 10.1177/17456916231198479

Ulrike Hahn

引用次数: 0

Group Formation and the Evolution of Human Social Organization. 群体形成与人类社会组织的进化。

IF 12.6 1区心理学

Perspectives on Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-07-14 DOI: 10.1177/17456916231179156

Carsten K W De Dreu, Jörg Gross, Angelo Romano

{"title":"Group Formation and the Evolution of Human Social Organization.","authors":"Carsten K W De Dreu, Jörg Gross, Angelo Romano","doi":"10.1177/17456916231179156","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17456916231179156","url":null,"abstract":"Humans operate in groups that are oftentimes nested in multilayered collectives such as work units within departments and companies, neighborhoods within cities, and regions within nation states. With psychological science mostly focusing on proximate reasons for individuals to join existing groups and how existing groups function, we still poorly understand why groups form ex nihilo, how groups evolve into complex multilayered social structures, and what explains fission-fusion dynamics. Here we address group formation and the evolution of social organization at both the proximate and ultimate level of analysis. Building on models of fitness interdependence and cooperation, we propose that socioecologies can create positive interdependencies among strangers and pave the way for the formation of stable coalitions and groups through reciprocity and reputation-based partner selection. Such groups are marked by in-group bounded, parochial cooperation together with an array of social institutions for managing the commons, allowing groups to scale in size and complexity while avoiding the breakdown of cooperation. Our analysis reveals how distinct group cultures can endogenously emerge from reciprocal cooperation, shows that social identification and group commitment are likely consequences rather than causes of group cooperation, and explains when intergroup relations gravitate toward peaceful coexistence, integration, or conflict.","PeriodicalId":19757,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Psychological Science","volume":" ","pages":"320-334"},"PeriodicalIF":12.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10913362/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9833859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Maintaining Transient Diversity Is a General Principle for Improving Collective Problem Solving. 保持暂时的多样性是改善集体解决问题的一般原则。

IF 12.6 1区心理学

Perspectives on Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-06-27 DOI: 10.1177/17456916231180100

Paul E Smaldino, Cody Moser, Alejandro Pérez Velilla, Mikkel Werling

{"title":"Maintaining Transient Diversity Is a General Principle for Improving Collective Problem Solving.","authors":"Paul E Smaldino, Cody Moser, Alejandro Pérez Velilla, Mikkel Werling","doi":"10.1177/17456916231180100","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17456916231180100","url":null,"abstract":"Humans regularly solve complex problems in cooperative teams. A wide range of mechanisms have been identified that improve the quality of solutions achieved by those teams on reaching consensus. We argue that many of these mechanisms work via increasing the transient diversity of solutions while the group attempts to reach a consensus. These mechanisms can operate at the level of individual psychology (e.g., behavioral inertia), interpersonal communication (e.g., transmission noise), or group structure (e.g., sparse social networks). Transient diversity can be increased by widening the search space of possible solutions or by slowing the diffusion of information and delaying consensus. All of these mechanisms increase the quality of the solution at the cost of increased time to reach it. We review specific mechanisms that facilitate transient diversity and synthesize evidence from both empirical studies and diverse formal models-including multiarmed bandits, NK landscapes, cumulative-innovation models, and evolutionary-transmission models. Apparent exceptions to this principle occur primarily when problems are sufficiently simple that they can be solved by mere trial and error or when the incentives of team members are insufficiently aligned. This work has implications for our understanding of collective intelligence, problem solving, innovation, and cumulative cultural evolution.","PeriodicalId":19757,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Psychological Science","volume":" ","pages":"454-464"},"PeriodicalIF":12.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10913329/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9692921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Struggling With Change: The Fragile Resilience of Collectives. 与变革作斗争：集体脆弱的韧性。

IF 12.6 1区心理学

Perspectives on Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-28 DOI: 10.1177/17456916231192052

Frank Schweitzer, Christian Zingg, Giona Casiraghi

引用次数: 0

Motivated Cognition in Cooperation. 合作中的动机认知。

IF 12.6 1区心理学

Perspectives on Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-26 DOI: 10.1177/17456916231193990

Susann Fiedler, Hooman Habibnia, Alina Fahrenwaldt, Rima-Maria Rahal

{"title":"Motivated Cognition in Cooperation.","authors":"Susann Fiedler, Hooman Habibnia, Alina Fahrenwaldt, Rima-Maria Rahal","doi":"10.1177/17456916231193990","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17456916231193990","url":null,"abstract":"Successful cooperation is tightly linked to individuals' beliefs about their interaction partners, the decision setting, and existing norms, perceptions, and values. This article reviews and integrates findings from judgment and decision-making, social and cognitive psychology, political science, and economics, developing a systematic overview of the mechanisms underlying motivated cognition in cooperation. We elaborate on how theories and concepts related to motivated cognition developed in various disciplines define the concept and describe its functionality. We explain why beliefs play such an essential role in cooperation, how they can be distorted, and how this fosters or harms cooperation. We also highlight how individual differences and situational factors change the propensity to engage in motivated cognition. In the form of a construct map, we provide a visualization of the theoretical and empirical knowledge structure regarding the role of motivated cognition, including its many interdependencies, feedback loops, and moderating influences. We conclude with a brief suggestion for a future research agenda based on this compiled evidence.","PeriodicalId":19757,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Psychological Science","volume":" ","pages":"385-403"},"PeriodicalIF":12.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10913374/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54230418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0