Perspectives on Psychological Science最新文献_第5页

Toward a Psychology of Ideas Rather Than Demographics: Commentary on Hommel (2024) 走向思想心理学而非人口统计学：霍梅尔评论（2024）

IF 12.6 1区心理学

Perspectives on Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-04-23 DOI: 10.1177/17456916241236167

Keith E. Stanovich

引用次数: 0

Dealing With Diversity in Psychology: Science and Ideology 处理心理学中的多样性：科学与意识形态

IF 12.6 1区心理学

Perspectives on Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-04-23 DOI: 10.1177/17456916241240743

Steven Othello Roberts

{"title":"Dealing With Diversity in Psychology: Science and Ideology","authors":"Steven Othello Roberts","doi":"10.1177/17456916241240743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17456916241240743","url":null,"abstract":"In the spirit of America’s Shakespeare, August Wilson (1997), I have written this article as a testimony to the conditions under which I, and too many others, engage in scholarly discourse. I hope to make clear from the beginning that although the ideas presented here are not entirely my own—as they have been inherited from the minority of scholars who dared and managed to bring the most necessary, unpalatable, and unsettling truths about our discipline to the broader scientific community—I do not write for anyone but myself and those scholars who have felt similarly marginalized, oppressed, and silenced. And I write as a race scholar, meaning simply that I believe that race—and racism—affects the sociopolitical conditions in which humans, and scholars, develop their thoughts, feelings, and actions. I believe that it is important for all scholars to have a basic understanding of these conditions, as well as the landmines and pitfalls that define them, as they shape how research is conducted, reviewed, and disseminated. I also believe that to evolve one’s discipline into one that is truly robust and objective, it must first become diverse and self-aware. Any effort to suggest otherwise, no matter how scholarly it might present itself, is intellectually unsound.","PeriodicalId":19757,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Psychological Science","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140640077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Diversity Is Diverse: Social Justice Reparations and Science 多样性就是多样性：社会正义赔偿与科学

IF 12.6 1区心理学

Perspectives on Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-04-23 DOI: 10.1177/17456916241236171

Lee Jussim

{"title":"Diversity Is Diverse: Social Justice Reparations and Science","authors":"Lee Jussim","doi":"10.1177/17456916241236171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17456916241236171","url":null,"abstract":"Because the term “diversity” has two related but different meanings, what authors mean when they use the term is inherently unclear. In its broad form, it refers to vast variety. In its narrow form, it refers to human demographic categories deemed deserving of special attention by social justice–oriented activists. In this article, I review Hommel’s critique of Roberts et al. (2020), which, I suggest, essentially constitutes two claims: that Roberts et al.’s (2020) call for diversity in psychological science focuses exclusively on the latter narrow form of diversity and ignores the scientific importance of diversity in the broader sense, and ignoring diversity in the broader sense is scientifically unjustified. Although Hommel’s critique is mostly justified, this is not because Roberts et al. (2020) are wrong to call for greater social justice–oriented demographic diversity in psychology but because Hommel’s call for the broader form of diversity subsumes that of Roberts et al. (2020) and has other aspects critical to creating a valid, generalizable, rigorous, and inclusive psychological science. In doing so, I also highlight omissions, limitations, and potential downsides to the narrow manner in which psychology and the broader academy are currently implementing diversity, equity, and inclusion.","PeriodicalId":19757,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Psychological Science","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140640019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dealing With Diversity in Psychology: Science or Ideology? 处理心理学中的多样性：科学还是意识形态？

IF 12.6 1区心理学

Perspectives on Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-04-23 DOI: 10.1177/17456916241236170

Bernhard Hommel

引用次数: 0

The Burden for High-Quality Online Data Collection Lies With Researchers, Not Recruitment Platforms 高质量在线数据收集的责任在于研究人员，而非招聘平台

IF 12.6 1区心理学

Perspectives on Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-04-22 DOI: 10.1177/17456916241242734

Christine Cuskley, Justin Sulik

{"title":"The Burden for High-Quality Online Data Collection Lies With Researchers, Not Recruitment Platforms","authors":"Christine Cuskley, Justin Sulik","doi":"10.1177/17456916241242734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17456916241242734","url":null,"abstract":"A recent article in Perspectives on Psychological Science (Webb & Tangney, 2022) reported a study in which just 2.6% of participants recruited on Amazon’s Mechanical Turk (MTurk) were deemed “valid.” The authors highlighted some well-established limitations of MTurk, but their central claims—that MTurk is “too good to be true” and that it captured “only 14 human beings . . . [out of] N = 529”—are radically misleading, yet have been repeated widely. This commentary aims to (a) correct the record (i.e., by showing that Webb and Tangney’s approach to data collection led to unusually low data quality) and (b) offer a shift in perspective for running high-quality studies online. Negative attitudes toward MTurk sometimes reflect a fundamental misunderstanding of what the platform offers and how it should be used in research. Beyond pointing to research that details strategies for effective design and recruitment on MTurk, we stress that MTurk is not suitable for every study. Effective use requires specific expertise and design considerations. Like all tools used in research—from advanced hardware to specialist software—the tool itself places constraints on what one should use it for. Ultimately, high-quality data is the responsibility of the researcher, not the crowdsourcing platform.","PeriodicalId":19757,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Psychological Science","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140636777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

New Insights on Expert Opinion About Eyewitness Memory Research 关于目击者记忆研究专家意见的新见解

IF 12.6 1区心理学

Perspectives on Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-04-18 DOI: 10.1177/17456916241234837

Travis M. Seale-Carlisle, Adele Quigley-McBride, Jennifer E. F. Teitcher, William E. Crozier, Chad S. Dodson, Brandon L. Garrett

{"title":"New Insights on Expert Opinion About Eyewitness Memory Research","authors":"Travis M. Seale-Carlisle, Adele Quigley-McBride, Jennifer E. F. Teitcher, William E. Crozier, Chad S. Dodson, Brandon L. Garrett","doi":"10.1177/17456916241234837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17456916241234837","url":null,"abstract":"Experimental psychologists investigating eyewitness memory have periodically gathered their thoughts on a variety of eyewitness memory phenomena. Courts and other stakeholders of eyewitness research rely on the expert opinions reflected in these surveys to make informed decisions. However, the last survey of this sort was published more than 20 years ago, and the science of eyewitness memory has developed since that time. Stakeholders need a current database of expert opinions to make informed decisions. In this article, we provide that update. We surveyed 76 scientists for their opinions on eyewitness memory phenomena. We compared these current expert opinions to expert opinions from the past several decades. We found that experts today share many of the same opinions as experts in the past and have more nuanced thoughts about two issues. Experts in the past endorsed the idea that confidence is weakly related to accuracy, but experts today acknowledge the potential diagnostic value of initial confidence collected from a properly administered lineup. In addition, experts in the past may have favored sequential over simultaneous lineup presentation, but experts today are divided on this issue. We believe this new survey will prove useful to the court and to other stakeholders of eyewitness research.","PeriodicalId":19757,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Psychological Science","volume":"210 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140620465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

"When" Versus "Whether" Gender/Sex Differences: Insights From Psychological Research on Negotiation, Risk-Taking, and Leadership. 性别/性别差异的 "何时 "与 "是否"：谈判、冒险和领导力心理学研究的启示》。

IF 12.6 1区心理学

Perspectives on Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-03-18 DOI: 10.1177/17456916241231584

Hannah R Bowles, Jens Mazei, Heidi H Liu

{"title":"\"When\" Versus \"Whether\" Gender/Sex Differences: Insights From Psychological Research on Negotiation, Risk-Taking, and Leadership.","authors":"Hannah R Bowles, Jens Mazei, Heidi H Liu","doi":"10.1177/17456916241231584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17456916241231584","url":null,"abstract":"We present a conceptual framework of situational moderators of gender/sex effects in negotiation, risk-taking, and leadership-three masculine-stereotypic domains associated with gender/sex gaps in pay and authority. We propose that greater situational ambiguity and higher relevance and salience of gender/sex increase the likelihood of gender/sex-linked behaviors in these domains. We argue that greater ambiguity increases the extent to which actors and audiences must search inwardly (e.g., mental schema, past experience) or outwardly (e.g., social norms) for cues on how to behave or evaluate a situation and thereby widens the door for gender/sex-linked influences. Correspondingly, we propose that gender/sex effects on behavior and evaluations in these domains will be more likely when gender/sex is more relevant and salient to the setting or task. We propose further that these two situational moderators may work jointly or interactively to influence the likelihood of gender/sex effects in negotiation, risk-taking, and leadership. We conclude by discussing applications of our conceptual framework to psychological science and its translation to practice, including directions for future research.","PeriodicalId":19757,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Psychological Science","volume":" ","pages":"17456916241231584"},"PeriodicalIF":12.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140158718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Communities of Knowledge in Trouble. 陷入困境的知识社群。

IF 12.6 1区心理学

Perspectives on Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-11 DOI: 10.1177/17456916231187997

Nathaniel Rabb, Mugur Geana, Steven Sloman

{"title":"Communities of Knowledge in Trouble.","authors":"Nathaniel Rabb, Mugur Geana, Steven Sloman","doi":"10.1177/17456916231187997","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17456916231187997","url":null,"abstract":"The community-of-knowledge framework explains the extraordinary success of the human species, despite individual members' demonstrably shallow understanding of many topics, by appealing to outsourcing. People follow the cues of members of their community because understanding of phenomena is generally distributed across the group. Typically, communities do possess the relevant knowledge, but it is possible in principle for communities to send cues despite lacking knowledge-a weakness in the system's design. COVID-19 in the United States offered a natural experiment in collective-knowledge development because a novel phenomenon arrived at a moment of intense division in political partisanship. We review evidence from the pandemic showing that the thought leaders of the two partisan groups sent radically different messages about COVID, which were, in turn, reinforced by close community members (family, friends, etc.). We show that although actual understanding of the individual plays a role in a key COVID-mitigation behavior (vaccination), it plays a smaller role than perceived understanding of thought leaders and beliefs about COVID-related behaviors of close community members. We discuss implications for theory and practice when all communities are in the same epistemic circumstance-relying on the testimony of others.","PeriodicalId":19757,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Psychological Science","volume":" ","pages":"432-443"},"PeriodicalIF":12.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9965241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Crowds Can Effectively Identify Misinformation at Scale. 群众能有效识别大规模的错误信息。

IF 12.6 1区心理学

Perspectives on Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-18 DOI: 10.1177/17456916231190388

Cameron Martel, Jennifer Allen, Gordon Pennycook, David G Rand

引用次数: 0

The Psychology of Collectives. 集体心理学。

IF 12.6 1区心理学

Perspectives on Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-12-14 DOI: 10.1177/17456916231201139

David Garcia, Mirta Galesic, Henrik Olsson

引用次数: 0