Perspectives on Psychological Science最新文献_第4页

The Psychological Science of Pandemics: Contributions to and Recommendations for Social, Educational, and Health Policy. 大流行病的心理科学：对社会、教育和卫生政策的贡献和建议》。

IF 10.5 1区心理学

Perspectives on Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-20 DOI: 10.1177/17456916231216113

Dolores Albarracin, Norbert Schwarz

引用次数: 0

How Do Pandemic Policies and Communication Shape Intergroup Outcomes? Initial Findings From the COVID-19 Pandemic and Open Questions for Research and Policy. 大流行病政策和交流如何影响群体间的结果？COVID-19 大流行的初步发现以及研究和政策的开放性问题。

IF 10.5 1区心理学

Perspectives on Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2023-07-28 DOI: 10.1177/17456916231185298

Chadly Stern, Benjamin C Ruisch

{"title":"How Do Pandemic Policies and Communication Shape Intergroup Outcomes? Initial Findings From the COVID-19 Pandemic and Open Questions for Research and Policy.","authors":"Chadly Stern, Benjamin C Ruisch","doi":"10.1177/17456916231185298","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17456916231185298","url":null,"abstract":"Government policies can be productive tools for protecting citizens while simultaneously forging more egalitarian societies. At the same time, history has shown that well-intentioned governmental actions, such as those meant to quell pandemics (e.g., blood-donation restrictions), can single out members of marginalized groups (e.g., men who have sex with men). How did government actions shape intergroup outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic? Here, we draw from emerging research to provide informed conjectures regarding whether and how government actions affected stereotypes (e.g., beliefs about gender), prejudice (e.g., anti-Asian bias), and intergroup violence (e.g., hate crimes against Asian individuals) during the COVID-19 pandemic. We discuss research examining the impact of policies intended to curb the spread of the disease, and we consider possible effects of the strategies used to communicate about the virus. Furthermore, we highlight open questions regarding how and why pandemic policies and communication shape intergroup outcomes, propose key directions for future research, and note possible implications for future development of policy and communication strategies.","PeriodicalId":19757,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Psychological Science","volume":" ","pages":"694-703"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9874264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Hits and Misses: Digital Contact Tracing in a Pandemic. 成功与失败：大流行病中的数字联系人追踪。

IF 10.5 1区心理学

Perspectives on Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.1177/17456916231179365

Maryanne Garry, Rachel Zajac, Lorraine Hope, Marcel Salathé, Linda Levine, Thomas A Merritt

{"title":"Hits and Misses: Digital Contact Tracing in a Pandemic.","authors":"Maryanne Garry, Rachel Zajac, Lorraine Hope, Marcel Salathé, Linda Levine, Thomas A Merritt","doi":"10.1177/17456916231179365","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17456916231179365","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional contact tracing is one of the most powerful weapons people have in the battle against a pandemic, especially when vaccines do not yet exist or do not afford complete protection from infection. But the effectiveness of contact tracing hinges on its ability to find infected people quickly and obtain accurate information from them. Therefore, contact tracing inherits the challenges associated with the fallibilities of memory. Against this backdrop, digital contact tracing is the \"dream scenario\"-an unobtrusive, vigilant, and accurate recorder of danger that should outperform manual contact tracing on every dimension. There is reason to celebrate the success of digital contact tracing. Indeed, epidemiologists report that digital contact tracing probably reduced the incidence of COVID-19 cases by at least 25% in many countries, a feat that would have been hard to match with its manual counterpart. Yet there is also reason to speculate that digital contact tracing delivered on only a fraction of its potential because it almost completely ignored the relevant psychological science. We discuss the strengths and weaknesses of digital contact tracing, its hits and misses in the COVID-19 pandemic, and its need to be integrated with the science of human behavior.","PeriodicalId":19757,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Psychological Science","volume":" ","pages":"675-685"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/38/3a/10.1177_17456916231179365.PMC10315505.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9735391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Costs of Polarizing a Pandemic: Antecedents, Consequences, and Lessons. 流行病两极分化的代价：前因、后果和教训。

IF 10.5 1区心理学

Perspectives on Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-09 DOI: 10.1177/17456916231190395

Jay J Van Bavel, Clara Pretus, Steve Rathje, Philip Pärnamets, Madalina Vlasceanu, Eric D Knowles

{"title":"The Costs of Polarizing a Pandemic: Antecedents, Consequences, and Lessons.","authors":"Jay J Van Bavel, Clara Pretus, Steve Rathje, Philip Pärnamets, Madalina Vlasceanu, Eric D Knowles","doi":"10.1177/17456916231190395","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17456916231190395","url":null,"abstract":"Polarization has been rising in the United States of America for the past few decades and now poses a significant-and growing-public-health risk. One of the signature features of the American response to the COVID-19 pandemic has been the degree to which perceptions of risk and willingness to follow public-health recommendations have been politically polarized. Although COVID-19 has proven more lethal than any war or public-health crisis in American history, the deadly consequences of the pandemic were exacerbated by polarization. We review research detailing how every phase of the COVID-19 pandemic has been polarized, including judgments of risk, spatial distancing, mask wearing, and vaccination. We describe the role of political ideology, partisan identity, leadership, misinformation, and mass communication in this public-health crisis. We then assess the overall impact of polarization on infections, illness, and mortality during the pandemic; offer a psychological analysis of key policy questions; and identify a set of future research questions for scholars and policy experts. Our analysis suggests that the catastrophic death toll in the United States was largely preventable and due, in large part, to the polarization of the pandemic. Finally, we discuss implications for public policy to help avoid the same deadly mistakes in future public-health crises.","PeriodicalId":19757,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Psychological Science","volume":" ","pages":"624-639"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41179636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Impact of School Closures on Learning and Mental Health of Children: Lessons From the COVID-19 Pandemic. 学校关闭对儿童学习和心理健康的影响：从 COVID-19 大流行中汲取的教训。

IF 10.5 1区心理学

Perspectives on Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2023-07-10 DOI: 10.1177/17456916231181108

Deni Mazrekaj, Kristof De Witte

{"title":"The Impact of School Closures on Learning and Mental Health of Children: Lessons From the COVID-19 Pandemic.","authors":"Deni Mazrekaj, Kristof De Witte","doi":"10.1177/17456916231181108","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17456916231181108","url":null,"abstract":"To curb the spread of the coronavirus, almost all countries implemented nationwide school closures. Suddenly, students experienced a serious disruption to their school and social lives. In this article, we argue that psychological research offers crucial insights for guiding policy about school closures during crises. To this end, we review the existing literature on the impact of school closures during the COVID-19 pandemic on children's learning and mental health. We find that the unprecedented scale and length of school closures resulted in a substantial deficit in children's learning and a deterioration in children's mental health. We then provide policy recommendations on how to ensure children's learning and psychosocial development in the future. Specifically, we recommend that more attention should be paid to students from marginalized groups who are most in need of intervention, evidence-informed and personality-tailored mental-health and social- and emotional-learning programs should be implemented in schools, and generational labels should be avoided.","PeriodicalId":19757,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Psychological Science","volume":" ","pages":"686-693"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11295395/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9767077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

What Happens When Payments End? Fostering Long-Term Behavior Change With Financial Incentives. 付款结束后会发生什么？通过经济激励促进长期行为改变。

IF 12.6 1区心理学

Perspectives on Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-05-20 DOI: 10.1177/17456916241247152

Sophia Winkler-Schor, Markus Brauer

{"title":"What Happens When Payments End? Fostering Long-Term Behavior Change With Financial Incentives.","authors":"Sophia Winkler-Schor, Markus Brauer","doi":"10.1177/17456916241247152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17456916241247152","url":null,"abstract":"Financial incentives are widely used to get people to adopt desirable behaviors. Many small landholders in developing countries, for example, receive multiyear payments to engage in conservation behaviors, and the hope is that they will continue to engage in these behaviors after the program ends. Although effective in the short term, financial incentives rarely lead to long-term behavior change because program participants tend to revert to their initial behaviors soon after the payments stop. In this article, we propose that four psychological constructs can be leveraged to increase the long-term effectiveness of financial-incentive programs: motivation, habit formation, social norms, and recursive processes. We review successful and unsuccessful behavior-change initiatives involving financial incentives in several domains: public health, education, sustainability, and conservation. We make concrete recommendations on how to implement the four above-mentioned constructs in field settings. Finally, we identify unresolved issues that future research might want to address to advance knowledge, promote theory development, and understand the psychological mechanisms that can be used to improve the effectiveness of incentive programs in the real world.","PeriodicalId":19757,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Psychological Science","volume":" ","pages":"17456916241247152"},"PeriodicalIF":12.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141070871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Taboos and Self-Censorship Among U.S. Psychology Professors. 美国心理学教授的禁忌与自我审查。

IF 12.6 1区心理学

Perspectives on Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-05-16 DOI: 10.1177/17456916241252085

Cory J Clark, Matias Fjeldmark, Louise Lu, Roy F Baumeister, Stephen Ceci, Komi Frey, Geoffrey Miller, Wilfred Reilly, Dianne Tice, William von Hippel, Wendy M Williams, Bo M Winegard, Philip E Tetlock

{"title":"Taboos and Self-Censorship Among U.S. Psychology Professors.","authors":"Cory J Clark, Matias Fjeldmark, Louise Lu, Roy F Baumeister, Stephen Ceci, Komi Frey, Geoffrey Miller, Wilfred Reilly, Dianne Tice, William von Hippel, Wendy M Williams, Bo M Winegard, Philip E Tetlock","doi":"10.1177/17456916241252085","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17456916241252085","url":null,"abstract":"We identify points of conflict and consensus regarding (a) controversial empirical claims and (b) normative preferences for how controversial scholarship-and scholars-should be treated. In 2021, we conducted qualitative interviews (n = 41) to generate a quantitative survey (N = 470) of U.S. psychology professors' beliefs and values. Professors strongly disagreed on the truth status of 10 candidate taboo conclusions: For each conclusion, some professors reported 100% certainty in its veracity and others 100% certainty in its falsehood. Professors more confident in the truth of the taboo conclusions reported more self-censorship, a pattern that could bias perceived scientific consensus regarding the inaccuracy of controversial conclusions. Almost all professors worried about social sanctions if they were to express their own empirical beliefs. Tenured professors reported as much self-censorship and as much fear of consequences as untenured professors, including fear of getting fired. Most professors opposed suppressing scholarship and punishing peers on the basis of moral concerns about research conclusions and reported contempt for peers who petition to retract papers on moral grounds. Younger, more left-leaning, and female faculty were generally more opposed to controversial scholarship. These results do not resolve empirical or normative disagreements among psychology professors, but they may provide an empirical context for their discussion.","PeriodicalId":19757,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Psychological Science","volume":" ","pages":"17456916241252085"},"PeriodicalIF":12.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140945233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Papers Involved in the December 2022 APS Vote of No Confidence in the Editor-in-Chief of Perspectives on Psychological Science 2022 年 12 月美国心理学会对《心理科学视角》主编投不信任票涉及的论文

IF 12.6 1区心理学

Perspectives on Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-04-23 DOI: 10.1177/17456916241246556

Wendy Wood, Randi Martin, Alison Gopnik, Robert Gropp

引用次数: 0

Diversity for Truth: Reply to Jussim, Stanovich, and Stroebe 多样性促进真理：答复朱西姆、斯坦诺维奇和斯特罗贝

IF 12.6 1区心理学

Perspectives on Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-04-23 DOI: 10.1177/17456916241236175

Bernhard Hommel

引用次数: 0

The Myth of the Need for Diversity Among Subjects in Theory-Testing Research: Comments on “Racial Inequality in Psychological Research” by Roberts et al. (2020) 理论测试研究中需要受试者多样性的神话：对罗伯茨等人撰写的《心理学研究中的种族不平等》（2020 年）的评论

IF 12.6 1区心理学

Perspectives on Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-04-23 DOI: 10.1177/17456916241236165

Wolfgang Stroebe

{"title":"The Myth of the Need for Diversity Among Subjects in Theory-Testing Research: Comments on “Racial Inequality in Psychological Research” by Roberts et al. (2020)","authors":"Wolfgang Stroebe","doi":"10.1177/17456916241236165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17456916241236165","url":null,"abstract":"Roberts and colleagues focus on two aspects of racial inequality in psychological research, namely an alleged underrepresentation of racial minorities and the effects attributed to this state of affairs. My comment focuses only on one aspect, namely the assumed consequences of the lack of diversity in subject populations. Representativeness of samples is essential in survey research or applied research that examines whether a particular intervention will work for a particular population. Representativeness or diversity is not necessary in theory-testing research, where we attempt to establish laws of causality. Because theories typically apply to all of humanity, all members of humanity (even American undergraduates) are suitable for assessing the validity of theoretical hypotheses. Admittedly, the assumption that a theory applies to all of humanity is also a hypothesis that can be tested. However, to test it, we need theoretical hypotheses about specific moderating variables. Supporting a theory with a racially diverse sample does not make conclusions more valid than support from a nondiverse sample. In fact, cause-effect conclusions based on a diverse sample might not be valid for any member of that sample.","PeriodicalId":19757,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Psychological Science","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140640344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0