Shifting the Level of Selection in Science.

IF 10.5 1区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Perspectives on Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-01 DOI:10.1177/17456916231182568

Leo Tiokhin, Karthik Panchanathan, Paul E Smaldino, Daniël Lakens

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Criteria for recognizing and rewarding scientists primarily focus on individual contributions. This creates a conflict between what is best for scientists' careers and what is best for science. In this article, we show how the theory of multilevel selection provides conceptual tools for modifying incentives to better align individual and collective interests. A core principle is the need to account for indirect effects by shifting the level at which selection operates from individuals to the groups in which individuals are embedded. This principle is used in several fields to improve collective outcomes, including animal husbandry, team sports, and professional organizations. Shifting the level of selection has the potential to ameliorate several problems in contemporary science, including accounting for scientists' diverse contributions to knowledge generation, reducing individual-level competition, and promoting specialization and team science. We discuss the difficulties associated with shifting the level of selection and outline directions for future development in this domain.

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改变科学的选择水平。

表彰和奖励科学家的标准主要侧重于个人贡献。这就造成了对科学家职业生涯最有利的因素与对科学最有利的因素之间的冲突。在本文中，我们将展示多层次选择理论如何为修改激励机制提供概念工具，从而更好地协调个人利益和集体利益。一个核心原则是需要考虑间接效应，将选择发挥作用的层面从个人转移到个人所在的群体。这一原则在多个领域被用于改善集体成果，包括畜牧业、团队运动和职业组织。转变选择层次有可能改善当代科学中的一些问题，包括考虑科学家对知识创造的不同贡献、减少个人层面的竞争以及促进专业化和团队科学。我们讨论了与改变选择水平相关的困难，并概述了这一领域未来的发展方向。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Perspectives on Psychological Science PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY-

CiteScore

22.70

自引率

4.00%

发文量

111

期刊介绍： Perspectives on Psychological Science is a journal that publishes a diverse range of articles and reports in the field of psychology. The journal includes broad integrative reviews, overviews of research programs, meta-analyses, theoretical statements, book reviews, and articles on various topics such as the philosophy of science and opinion pieces about major issues in the field. It also features autobiographical reflections of senior members of the field, occasional humorous essays and sketches, and even has a section for invited and submitted articles. The impact of the journal can be seen through the reverberation of a 2009 article on correlative analyses commonly used in neuroimaging studies, which still influences the field. Additionally, a recent special issue of Perspectives, featuring prominent researchers discussing the "Next Big Questions in Psychology," is shaping the future trajectory of the discipline. Perspectives on Psychological Science provides metrics that showcase the performance of the journal. However, the Association for Psychological Science, of which the journal is a signatory of DORA, recommends against using journal-based metrics for assessing individual scientist contributions, such as for hiring, promotion, or funding decisions. Therefore, the metrics provided by Perspectives on Psychological Science should only be used by those interested in evaluating the journal itself.