Otology & Neurotology最新文献

{"title":"Inflammatory Cytokines in Middle Ear Effusion of Patients With Asthma, Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps With or Without NSAID Intolerance.","authors":"Anna Suikkila, Annina Lyly, Terhi Savinko, Seija I Vento, Riitta Saarinen, Lena Hafrén","doi":"10.1097/MAO.0000000000004230","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MAO.0000000000004230","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To measure the inflammatory cytokines of middle ear effusion (MEE) in otitis media (OM) associated with asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) with or without nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) sensitivity to strengthen our assumption that OM is part of the same inflammatory entity. The potential individual differences between MEE inflammatory cytokines could be used in clinical practice for more individual characterization of the inflammation.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Case-control study.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Tertiary referral center.</p><p><strong>Patients: </strong>Convenience sample of 24 case patients with otitis media with effusion (OME) or chronic otitis media (COM), asthma, and CRSwNP, 14 of whom had NSAID intolerance, and 8 controls with OME but no history of asthma, CRSwNP, or NSAID intolerance.</p><p><strong>Intervention: </strong>Diagnostic.</p><p><strong>Main outcome and measure: </strong>Inflammatory cytokines including interleukins (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-13, and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) in middle ear effusion.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The MEE mass fractions of IL-5 ( p = 0.003) and IFN-γ ( p = 0.048) were higher among our case patients with OME/COM than among the controls. For IL-4 and IL-13, the mass fractions were also higher among the case patients than the controls, but this difference was not statistically significant ( p = 0.199 and p = 0.617, respectively). We found no difference between the IL-6 mass fractions of the groups. We found notable heterogeneity in individual patients' cytokine levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>According to our findings, OM, when present, should be considered part of the respiratory inflammatory process associated with asthma and CRSwNP. The individual differences in MEE cytokine levels could be useful as biomarkers.</p>","PeriodicalId":19732,"journal":{"name":"Otology & Neurotology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141427404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determining the Minimal Clinically Important Difference (MCID) and Responsiveness of the Chinese Version of Zurich Chronic Middle Ear Inventory (ZCMEI-21-Chn): A Prospective Multicenter Study.","authors":"Ruizhe Yang, Ying Zhang, Guodong Feng, Weiju Han, Yi Li, Shan Li, Tao Pan, Jia Ke, Ke Zhang, Ying Xin, Yu Song, Qiang Zuo, Yanping Zhao, Na Zhou, Ziming Yao, Christof Röösli, Alexander M Huber, David Bächinger, Furong Ma, Zhiqiang Gao","doi":"10.1097/MAO.0000000000004237","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MAO.0000000000004237","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to establish the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) and assess the responsiveness of the Chinese version of Zurich Chronic Middle Ear Inventory (ZCMEI-21-Chn).</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Prospective multicenter study.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Four Chinese tertiary referral centers admitting patients nationwide.</p><p><strong>Patients: </strong>230 adult patients with chronic otitis media (COM) undergoing tympanoplasty.</p><p><strong>Intervention: </strong>Patients were required to complete the ZCMEI-21-Chn to measure health-related quality of life both preoperatively and postoperatively. An anchor-based method was used to determine the MCID of the derivative cohort by including the Global Rating of Change Questionnaire as an anchor. The generalizability and consistency with functional outcomes of the MCID estimates were externally examined in a validation cohort using a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 161 and 69 patients were included in the derivative and validation cohort. The mean preoperative and postoperative ZCMEI-21-Chn total scores were 28.4 (standard deviation [SD] 14.5) and 17.5 (SD 12.6). The mean change in ZCMEI-21-Chn score was 10.9 (SD 14.3, p < 0.001). The MCIDs of the ZCMEI-21-Chn for improvement and deterioration were estimated at 13 (SD 13.0) and -7 (SD 12.9), accordingly. For patients who have reported an improved health-related quality of life, a cutoff value of 15.6 dB HL for elevation of the air-conducted hearing threshold was noticed. However, change of clinical importance judged according to MCID and Japan Otological Society criteria disagreed with each other, notably with a Cohen's kappa ( κ ) of 0.14 ( p = 0.21) in the validation cohort.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study is the first to establish the MCID of a COM-specific questionnaire in Chinese. For the COM population undergoing surgical intervention, MCID values of 13 for improvement and -7 for deterioration are recommended. The results were externally validated to be generalizable to nationwide usage, yet distinguishable from the audiological criteria. The availability of the MCID greatly adds to the clinical utility of the ZCMEI-21-Chn by enabling a clinically meaningful interpretation of its score changes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19732,"journal":{"name":"Otology & Neurotology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141492921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss Before COVID-19, During COVID-19, and After Inactivated Vaccination: Experience From a Tertiary Referral Center in China.","authors":"Xin Cao, Haijin Yi","doi":"10.1097/MAO.0000000000004233","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MAO.0000000000004233","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence rate and audiological characteristics of sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSHL) before the COVID-19 pandemic, during the COVID-19 pandemic, and after inactivated vaccination, and to analyze whether the novel coronavirus or inactivated vaccination have an impact on hearing loss.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The clinical data of all patients who visited the hospital in July 2019 (before pandemic), July 2020 (during pandemic) and July 2021 (after the inactivated vaccination at least the first basic dose of COVID-19 vaccination) were retrospective analyzed. All patients diagnosed with sudden sensorineural hearing loss in these three periods were screened, and their incidence rate, hearing characteristics, and prognosis were compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, the incidence rates of sudden hearing loss in July 2019, July 2020, and July 2021 were 0.59, 0.60, and 0.52% (25 of 4225, 20 of 3322, 28 of 5432), respectively, without significant difference ( χ2 = 0.372, p = 0.830). A significant difference was noted in the incidence of hypertension ( p = 0.02), whereas no significant difference was noted in age ( p = 0.591, p = 0.66), sex ( p = 0.19, p = 0.08), main symptoms ( p = 0.18, p = 0.15), side ( p = 0.483, p = 0.89), audiogram shape ( p = 0.56, p = 0.989), average hearing threshold of affected frequency ( p = 0.81, p = 0.89), average hearing threshold of normal ear affected frequency ( p = 0.65, p = 0.68), average hearing threshold of affected frequency after treatment ( p = 0.49, p = 0.38), days between symptoms onset and hospital visit ( p = 0.62, p = 0.85), treatment plan ( p = 0.551, p = 0.474), and effectiveness ( p = 0.104, p = 0.050).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study failed to find a correlation between the novel coronavirus pandemic and inactivated vaccination and SSHL, and there was no direct evidence supporting that COVID-19 or inactivated vaccination had an impact on the incidence rate and prognosis of SSHL patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":19732,"journal":{"name":"Otology & Neurotology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141451098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter to the Editor.","authors":"Anandhan Dhanasingh","doi":"10.1097/MAO.0000000000004216","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MAO.0000000000004216","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19732,"journal":{"name":"Otology & Neurotology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141601190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trauma-Induced Vestibular Dysfunction: Improved Repair Under Local Treatment With α1-Antitrypsin.","authors":"Sabri El-Saied, Benyamin M Kaminer, Daniel M Kaplan, Rivka Shitrit, Idan Manilis, Amit Amar, Eli C Lewis","doi":"10.1097/MAO.0000000000004231","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MAO.0000000000004231","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To characterize vestibular recovery in a mouse model of unilateral labyrinthotomy under local AAT and dexamethasone treatment.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Alpha1-antitrypsin (AAT) is a circulating tissue-protective molecule that rises during inflammatory conditions and promotes inflammatory resolution. Its local concentration in human perilymph inversely correlates with the severity of inner ear dysfunction; concomitantly, mice that overexpress AAT and undergo inner ear trauma rapidly restore vestibular function. Locally applied AAT has yet to be examined in this context, nor has it been directly compared with anti-inflammatory corticosteroid treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Wild-type mice C57BL/6 underwent a unilateral inner ear injury. Nine microliters of saline, clinical-grade AAT (180 μg/site), dexamethasone (4 mg/site), or both were applied locally on Days 0, 1, and 2 (n = 5/group). Vestibular function was assessed for 7 days. An in vitro human epithelial gap closure assay was performed using A549 cells in the presence of AAT and/or dexamethasone.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Upon labyrinthotomy, all groups displayed severe vestibular dysfunction. Saline-treated mice showed the longest impairment. That group and the dexamethasone group displayed partial to no recovery, while AAT-treated mice exhibited complete recovery within 7 days; at this time point, dexamethasone-treated mice exhibited 50% recovery. Objective vestibular testing showed similar outcomes. In vitro, cotreatment with AAT and dexamethasone resulted in a gap closure dynamic that was superior to AAT alone at 6 h and superior to DEX alone at 48 h.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Locally applied AAT treatment is superior to locally applied dexamethasone in promoting vestibular recovery in vivo. Ongoing studies are exploring the potential advantages of AAT combined with early low-dose dexamethasone therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":19732,"journal":{"name":"Otology & Neurotology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141427406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meckel's Cave Melanoma Masquerading as Trigeminal Schwannoma.","authors":"Sabrina M Heman-Ackah, Natasha Ironside, Mark Quick, Philip Bird, Ronald Boet","doi":"10.1097/MAO.0000000000004236","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MAO.0000000000004236","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19732,"journal":{"name":"Otology & Neurotology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141458578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognosis Prediction of Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss Using Ensemble Artificial Intelligence Learning Models.","authors":"Kuan-Hui Li, Chen-Yu Chien, Shu-Yu Tai, Leong-Perng Chan, Ning-Chia Chang, Ling-Feng Wang, Kuen-Yao Ho, Yu-Jui Lien, Wen-Hsien Ho","doi":"10.1097/MAO.0000000000004241","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MAO.0000000000004241","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>We used simple variables to construct prognostic prediction ensemble learning models for patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL).</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Retrospectively study.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Tertiary medical center.</p><p><strong>Patients: </strong>1,572 patients with SSNHL.</p><p><strong>Intervention: </strong>Prognostic.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>We selected four variables, namely, age, days after onset of hearing loss, vertigo, and type of hearing loss. We also compared the accuracy between different ensemble learning models based on the boosting, bagging, AdaBoost, and stacking algorithms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We enrolled 1,572 patients with SSNHL; 73.5% of them showed improving and 26.5% did not. Significant between-group differences were noted in terms of age ( p = 0.011), days after onset of hearing loss ( p < 0.001), and concurrent vertigo ( p < 0.001), indicating that the patients who showed improving to treatment were younger and had fewer days after onset and fewer vertigo symptoms. Among ensemble learning models, the AdaBoost algorithm, compared with the other algorithms, achieved higher accuracy (82.89%), higher precision (86.66%), a higher F1 score (89.20), and a larger area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (0.79), as indicated by test results of a dataset with 10 independent runs. Furthermore, Gini scores indicated that age and days after onset are two key parameters of the predictive model.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The AdaBoost model is an effective model for predicting SSNHL. The use of simple parameters can increase its practicality and applicability in remote medical care. Moreover, age may be a key factor influencing prognosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":19732,"journal":{"name":"Otology & Neurotology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141451074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Music to Define a Generation: Factors Associated With Hearing Protection Use at Music Venues.","authors":"Matthew E Lin, Ryan Long, Avinash Iyer, Oluwatobiloba Ayo-Ajibola, Janet S Choi, Joni K Doherty","doi":"10.1097/MAO.0000000000004232","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MAO.0000000000004232","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Excessive noise levels in music venues can negatively impact long-term hearing health. We investigated the prevalence, characteristics, and factors associated with hearing protection use among music event attendees.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Cross-sectional cohort.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Adult participants (2,352) from online music forums completed a questionnaire assessing attendance at music events, hearing protection (HP) usage, type, and frequency, along with history of hearing-related symptoms and medical history. Primary outcome was defined as HP use at music venues. Data were characterized using descriptive statistics, paired t tests, and Pearson's chi-squared tests. Multivariable regression analysis elicited factors associated with any and regular HP use.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our 2,352 respondents were primarily male (61.3%) and on average 28.7 years old (SD = 7.0). Of the respondents, 60.6% reported using HP, and 33.2% reported regular use; high-fidelity earplugs were the most used HP type (57.5%). HP use was associated with significantly fewer reports of negative hearing-related symptoms. In a multivariable regression model, factors associated with less likelihood of HP use included being female (vs male, OR = 0.74, CI = [0.55-0.98]), less concern about effects on hearing (OR = 0.53, CI = [0.45-0.61]), and pop music event attendance (vs EDM, OR = 0.40, CI = [0.22-0.72]). Increased attendance frequency in the past year was associated with higher likelihood of regular HP use (OR = 1.07, CI = [1.04-1.09]). Decreased attendance duration was associated with decreased likelihood (OR = 0.09, CI = [0.03-0.33]).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>HP use prevalence was high, while frequent use remained low. HP use was significantly associated with reduced hearing-related symptoms. Demographic factors, otologic symp-tomology, and attendance-related characteristics were associated with HP use. These findings may guide interventions to increase adoption at music venues.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>4.</p>","PeriodicalId":19732,"journal":{"name":"Otology & Neurotology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141427405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-Assessment of Cochlear Health by New Cochlear Implant Recipients: Daily Impedance, Electrically Evoked Compound Action Potential and Electrocochleography Measurements Over the First Three Postoperative Months.","authors":"Faizah Mushtaq, Andrew Soulby, Patrick Boyle, Efstratia Papoutselou, Terry Nunn, Douglas E H Hartley","doi":"10.1097/MAO.0000000000004227","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MAO.0000000000004227","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Hypotheses: </strong>In newly implanted cochlear implant (CI) users, electrically evoked compound action (eCAPs) and electrocochleography (ECochGs) will remain stable over time. Electrode impedances will increase immediately postimplantation due to the initial inflammatory response, before decreasing after CI switch-on and stabilizing thereafter.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>The study of cochlear health (CH) has several applications, including explaining variation in CI outcomes, informing CI programming strategies, and evaluating the safety and efficacy of novel biological treatments for hearing loss. Very early postoperative CH patterns have not previously been intensively explored through longitudinal daily testing. Thanks to technological advances, electrode impedances, eCAPs, and ECochGs can be independently performed by CI users at home to monitor CH over time.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A group of newly implanted CI users performed daily impedances, eCAPs, and ECochGs for 3 months at home, starting from the first day postsurgery (N = 7) using the Active Insertion Monitoring system by Advanced Bionics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Measurement validity of 93.5, 93.0, and 81.6% for impedances, eCAPs, and ECochGs, respectively, revealed high participant compliance. Impedances increased postsurgery before dropping and stabilizing after switch-on. eCAPs showed good stability, though statistical analyses revealed a very small but significant increase in thresholds over time. Most ECochG thresholds did not reach the liberal signal-to-noise criterion of 2:1, with low threshold stability over time.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Newly implanted CI recipients can confidently and successfully perform CH recordings at home, highlighting the valuable role of patients in longitudinal data collection. Electrode impedances and eCAPs are promising objective measurements for evaluating CH in newly implanted CI users.</p>","PeriodicalId":19732,"journal":{"name":"Otology & Neurotology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141451097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tenfold Increase: Acute Pediatric Mastoiditis Before, During, and After COVID-19 Restrictions.","authors":"Sarah Draut, Joachim Müller, John-Martin Hempel, Florian Schrötzlmair, Florian Simon","doi":"10.1097/MAO.0000000000004238","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MAO.0000000000004238","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Acute mastoiditis (AM) is a relatively rare complication arising from acute otitis media, a common condition among children. The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted AM cases. We noted a surge in pediatric AM cases in Germany after COVID-19 restrictions were lifted in 2022. This study assesses AM incidence and the clinical course in children before, during, and after the pandemic. The study also explores complication rates and microbial changes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants: We included children (0-18 yr) diagnosed with AM who underwent mastoidectomy at a tertiary-care university hospital from January 2012 to June 2023.Objectives: We aimed to evaluate AM incidence during pre-COVID, COVID, and post-COVID periods; assess complications; and analyze the microbial spectrum.Data Analysis: Incidence and complication rates were compared between periods, along with the microbial spectrum.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Population: 75 children were included (median age, 3.3 yr).Incidence: Significant increases in AM cases occurred in the post-COVID period compared to pre-COVID and COVID periods. No significant difference was observed between pre-COVID and COVID periods.Complications: Complication rates increased notably in the post-COVID period compared to pre-COVID and COVID periods with respect to more sensitive imaging methods being used in the post-COVID period. No significant difference was observed between pre-COVID and COVID periods.Spectrum of Pathogens: No significant differences were found in pathogen distribution between periods. Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus pneumoniae were common throughout.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The study highlights a substantial rise in AM cases and complications after COVID-19 restrictions were lifted in Germany. This underscores the importance of monitoring infectious diseases and their complications during health crises. Additionally, the study highlights the importance of contrast-enhanced imaging. Further research is needed to explore the mechanisms behind this trend.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study reveals a significant increase in pediatric AM cases and complications following the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany. Adequate computed tomographic or magnetic resonance imaging, including contrast enhancement, is shown to be a very important parameter beside clinical symptoms in deciding for the right therapy. Thus, surgical treatment became more important. Continuous monitoring and adaptive healthcare strategies during health crises are vital for optimal patient care. Further research is warranted to understand the reasons behind these trends and to inform future pandemic preparedness efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":19732,"journal":{"name":"Otology & Neurotology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141492935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}