{"title":"Wide-range manipulation of photonic spin Hall effect via quasi-bound states in the continuum in a compound grating structure.","authors":"Chi Zhang, Zuhai Ma, Xuquan Liu, ZhiWei Zheng, Yu Chen, Xinxing Zhou","doi":"10.1364/OE.561746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.561746","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The photonic spin Hall effect (PSHE), manifesting itself as the spin-dependent displacement of a light beam, holds potential applications in optical sensing and spin-based nanophotonic devices. Thus, achieving effective manipulation and enhancement of PSHE is highly meaningful. Previous works have indicated that the PSHE can be enhanced by considering the quasi-bound state in the continuum (q-BIC), which relies on the generation of Fano resonances with near-zero reflectivity. However, some limitations exist, such as the enhanced PSHE based on q-BIC is either constrained to a narrow range of incident angles a specific optical wavelength, or the quality factor is not considered. In light of the above issues, this work proposes a composite grating structure, which regulates the enhanced PSHE based on q-BIC within a wide incident angle range (approximately 10 degrees) and possesses a high quality factor. We find that the modulation of enhanced PSHE based on q-BIC can be achieved by adjusting the wavelength, the grating width, and the temperature variations of the Vanadium Dioxide (VO<sub>2</sub>) grating. The physical mechanism is that, under the influence of surface plasmon, this structure can achieve q-BIC with near-zero reflectivity over a wide range of incident angles to enhance PSHE. Moreover, we design a PSHE refractive index sensor based on this q-BIC metasurface with a high sensitivity of Sn = 88.66<sup>°</sup>/RIU.</p>","PeriodicalId":19691,"journal":{"name":"Optics express","volume":"33 11","pages":"23376-23387"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144294623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optics expressPub Date : 2025-06-02DOI: 10.1364/OE.546402
Dewen Zhang, Zifeng Yuan, Thanh Xuan Hoang, Wujie Fu, Ching Eng Png, Soon Thor Lim, Aaron Danner
{"title":"All-optical scalable and programmable VCSEL-based Ising annealer with parallel feedback.","authors":"Dewen Zhang, Zifeng Yuan, Thanh Xuan Hoang, Wujie Fu, Ching Eng Png, Soon Thor Lim, Aaron Danner","doi":"10.1364/OE.546402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.546402","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An Ising machine stands as a compelling solution for large-scale combinatorial optimization problems, leveraging its unconventional computational architecture. We propose an optical parallel feedback system, employing mutual injection locking of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) and programmable spatial light modulators (SLMs), specifically aimed at removing electrical bottlenecks to achieve all-optical computation. Through simulation results, the ability to solve a 16-bit square-lattice MAXCUT optimization problem is analyzed. As a proof-of-concept, we demonstrate an optical injection lock using single-mode master and slave VCSELs. Remarkably, we achieve polarization switching with less than 1% of the master VCSEL's injection power. Building upon this modest achievement, we outline a roadmap envisioning the integration of advanced nanophotonic devices, particularly metasurface-enabled SLMs and VCSELs. This strategic evolution targets scalability and programmability while upholding an all-optical computing paradigm.</p>","PeriodicalId":19691,"journal":{"name":"Optics express","volume":"33 11","pages":"22119-22131"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144294442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optics expressPub Date : 2025-06-02DOI: 10.1364/OE.563529
Wen Gu, Boqun Zhao, Ying Xue, Kei May Lau
{"title":"755 nm InP/GaAs<sub>0.65</sub>P<sub>0.35</sub> quantum dot laser with polarization-dependent emission from type-I and type-II band alignments.","authors":"Wen Gu, Boqun Zhao, Ying Xue, Kei May Lau","doi":"10.1364/OE.563529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.563529","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>InP/GaAs<sub>0.65</sub>P<sub>0.35</sub> quantum dot (QD) lasers with variable polarization are demonstrated through the tailoring of band alignment. Different band alignments of type-I and type-II are realized during QD growth with varied parameters. The energy shift of type-I structure is observed to be much lower than that of type-II. Furthermore, type-I and type-II band ridge waveguide lasers were investigated. For type-I and type-II band lasers, the lowest thresholds are 0.37 and 0.40 kA/cm<sup>2</sup>, respectively, and different polarization characteristics are achieved. We observed transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) polarized light resulted from different band alignments, and the degree of polarization (DOP) reached 80%. These results indicate that InP/GaAs<sub>0.65</sub>P<sub>0.35</sub> QDs can be potentially used in devices with desired polarization.</p>","PeriodicalId":19691,"journal":{"name":"Optics express","volume":"33 11","pages":"23732-23739"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144294473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optics expressPub Date : 2025-06-02DOI: 10.1364/OE.555913
Jian Wang, Zhenyu Wan, Kang Li, Yuchen Zhang
{"title":"Optical vortex lasers [Invited].","authors":"Jian Wang, Zhenyu Wan, Kang Li, Yuchen Zhang","doi":"10.1364/OE.555913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.555913","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The manipulation of light fields has become pivotal in advancing various domains of optics, including classical and quantum communications, optical trapping, optical metrology and high-resolution imaging. Among various techniques for creating optical vortices, the optical vortex lasers, distinguished by directly emitting customized beams with phase or polarization singularities, have emerged as a burgeoning tool in modern optics. This paper summarizes the recent progress of optical vortex lasers including their primary types, designing methods and diverse applications. We begin by introducing the underlying principles of optical vortices and then explore numerous methods for designing optical vortex lasers, including bulk laser, fiber laser and on-chip laser. We also highlight the optical vortex laser towards higher dimensions for shaping structured beams with more complex spatial and topological patterns. Furthermore, we outline the wide applications of optical vortex lasers and address their challenges and potential future developments. This paper serves as a thorough overview for the physics, optics and engineering communities looking to harness potential of optical vortex lasers in cutting-edge applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":19691,"journal":{"name":"Optics express","volume":"33 11","pages":"22711-22744"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144294482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optics expressPub Date : 2025-06-02DOI: 10.1364/OE.563233
Fujian Dai, Huajun Feng, Zhihai Xu
{"title":"Automatic design method for miniature aspheric lens based on modified basin-hopping algorithm.","authors":"Fujian Dai, Huajun Feng, Zhihai Xu","doi":"10.1364/OE.563233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.563233","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Against the backdrop of the rapid development of the miniature camera lens manufacturing industry, with an annual output exceeding 4 billion units (including various lenses for mobile phones, automobiles, security, etc.), the design of highly aspherical miniature camera lenses has become increasingly crucial. Traditional optical design methods rely heavily on designer intervention and are optimized step by step through a trial-and-error approach, which consumes a great deal of time and effort. To address this, this paper innovatively proposes a design method based on the modified basin-hopping (MBH) algorithm, enabling the rapid and automatic design of highly aspherical miniature camera lenses without the need for designer intervention throughout the process. Users only need to input design requirements, and the program can automatically generate multiple solutions. Designers simply need to select from the output solutions. In this paper, this method is successfully applied to design two different types of miniature aspheric camera lenses: a 4P (4 Plastic lenses) mobile phone lens with highly aspheric surfaces and an ultra-wide-angle ADAS (advanced driver assistance systems) lens. The designed lenses exhibit excellent imaging quality. This method effectively shortens the development-to-market cycle and reduces the engineering design threshold, fully demonstrating its innovation, effectiveness, and practicality.</p>","PeriodicalId":19691,"journal":{"name":"Optics express","volume":"33 11","pages":"22570-22587"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144294494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Brillouin random lasing resonance enabled fast light and superluminal propagation in optical fibers.","authors":"Haoran Xie, Zhelan Xiao, Zhiming Liu, Liwen Sheng, Li Zhan, Fufei Pang, Liang Zhang","doi":"10.1364/OE.559694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.559694","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We proposed and demonstrated fast light and superluminal propagation based on Rayleigh scattering-induced Brillouin random lasing resonance in optical fibers. A theoretical model of the proposed Brillouin superluminal propagation system has been established, detailing the principle of optical group velocity manipulation based on the combination of stimulated Brillouin scattering and Brillouin cross-gain modulation, for the first time to the best of our knowledge. Thanks to the randomly distributed Rayleigh scattering, Brillouin random lasing resonance with a single-longitudinal-mode lasing operation essentially contributes to fast light and superluminal propagation of the pump light signals propagating along a kilometer-long optical fiber. The temporal advancement, group velocity, and group index of sinusoidally modulated pump signals are thoroughly compared in experiments, which agree well with simulations. The dependence of the Brillouin gain fibers on the group velocity as well as the impact of Stokes power under different signal modulation frequencies on the broadening factor are systematically discussed and characterized. Furthermore, the Brillouin random lasing fast-light system is developed to offer a unique time-domain analysis solution for high-sensitivity fiber Bragg grating (FBG) temperature sensing scheme. Scalable sensitivity of the proposed sensing system can be achieved by applying different modulation frequencies. These findings may find wide potential applications in optical signal processing and hyper-sensitive detection.</p>","PeriodicalId":19691,"journal":{"name":"Optics express","volume":"33 11","pages":"22497-22510"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144294497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optics expressPub Date : 2025-06-02DOI: 10.1364/OE.562892
Fangzhi Li, Jianping Liu, SiYi Huang, Fan Zhang, Aiqin Tian, Yaqin Li, Lei Hu, Xuan Li, Hui Yang
{"title":"Characterization and simulation of gallium vacancies in the InGaN layer.","authors":"Fangzhi Li, Jianping Liu, SiYi Huang, Fan Zhang, Aiqin Tian, Yaqin Li, Lei Hu, Xuan Li, Hui Yang","doi":"10.1364/OE.562892","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.562892","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Low-In-content InGaN bulk layers are widely used in GaN-based LDs, LEDs, and vertical p-n diodes. However, studies on point defects in InGaN bulk layers are still relatively rare. Due to their thin thickness when grown on GaN template layers, methods for characterizing point defects in unintentionally doped InGaN bulk layers are lacking. To address this, we proposed fabricating photodetectors using u-InGaN bulk layers and analyzing their photoresponse characteristics to study point defects. Our findings revealed a significant persistent photoconductivity (PPC) effect in u-InGaN bulk layers grown at low temperatures with a high V/III ratio. By integrating temperature-dependent photoluminescence (TDPL), secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), and first-principles calculations, we attributed this phenomenon to gallium vacancy defects (V<sub>Ga</sub>). Adjusting the growth temperature and V/III ratio effectively mitigates the impact of V<sub>Ga</sub> defects.</p>","PeriodicalId":19691,"journal":{"name":"Optics express","volume":"33 11","pages":"22940-22951"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144294500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optics expressPub Date : 2025-06-02DOI: 10.1364/OE.557840
Jianwei Li, Shisheng Zhao, Xuxu Ma, Ziyu Li, Xichuan Li
{"title":"Diagnosis model for mouse lung cancer based on terahertz spectroscopy and a transformer network.","authors":"Jianwei Li, Shisheng Zhao, Xuxu Ma, Ziyu Li, Xichuan Li","doi":"10.1364/OE.557840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.557840","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy technology offers a non-destructive and non-invasive approach to elucidating microstructure and chemical properties of cancer tissues, providing significant advantages for early diagnosis and monitoring. However, challenges such as the presence of outliers, sample class imbalance, and limited diagnostic accuracy persist. To enhance dataset quality, the boxplots were applied to identify and remove abnormal data, and the Savitzky-Golay filter was employed for spectral denoising in this paper. A high-quality dataset comprising 1,028 spectra from normal mouse lung tissues and 1,547 spectra from mouse lung cancer tissues was obtained. To address the shortage of normal lung tissue samples, a Wasserstein generative adversarial network with gradient penalty was utilized. Furthermore, to improve diagnostic accuracy, we developed a novel diagnostic model, MSFPT-Net. This model integrated seven distinct terahertz spectral features and employed a feature pyramid network to extract multi-scale representations, alongside a Transformer network to capture long-range dependencies within spectral sequences. The processed features were subsequently input into a fully connected network to achieve precise lung cancer diagnosis. Experimental results indicate that MSFPT-Net achieves outstanding performance across six evaluation metrics and opens new possibilities for lung cancer diagnosis and treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":19691,"journal":{"name":"Optics express","volume":"33 11","pages":"23178-23193"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144294517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optics expressPub Date : 2025-06-02DOI: 10.1364/OE.554536
Yoichi Sato, Arvydas Kausas, Takunori Taira
{"title":"Enhanced thermal conductivity of distributed face-cooled composite laser medium included thermal resistance at the bonding interface.","authors":"Yoichi Sato, Arvydas Kausas, Takunori Taira","doi":"10.1364/OE.554536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.554536","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A new concept of the effective thermal conductivity (<i>κ</i><sub>eff</sub>) of the laser gain medium with the distributed face-cooled composite synthesized by the inter-layer surface activated bonding (il-SAB) has been proposed. The thermal resistances at the bonded interface (<i>R</i>) between 1at.% Nd:YAG and a c-cut sapphire single crystal in several composites were experimentally confirmed and it was found that il-SAB brings negligibly small <i>R</i>. On the contrary, <i>R</i> in the bi-layer composite of 1at.% Nd:YAG and sapphire sandwiching indium foil fabricated by 6.0-kN uniaxial pressing reached 1.4 × 10<sup>-5</sup> m<sup>2</sup>K/W at 25°C. In the case of the simple contact of 1at.% Nd:YAG and a sapphire single crystal, <i>R</i> at 25°C was 4.3 × 10<sup>-4</sup> m<sup>2</sup>K/W. Consequently, effective thermal conductivities in bi-layered composites with 1at.% Nd:YAG and c-cut sapphire with the same thickness fabricated by il-SAB, sandwiching indium foil, and simple contacting without bonding were evaluated to be 15.3 W/mK, 13.9 W/mK, and 3.65 W/mK, respectively. Negligible <i>R</i> of composite gain media by il-SAB indicates that <i>κ</i><sub>eff</sub> of 1at.% Nd:YAG will be improved from 10 W/mK to more than 30 W/mK if sapphire parts are thicker than 12.2 times of YAG parts in composite gain media with the distributed face-cooling structure.</p>","PeriodicalId":19691,"journal":{"name":"Optics express","volume":"33 11","pages":"24039-24049"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144294526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optics expressPub Date : 2025-06-02DOI: 10.1364/OE.558307
Thjalfe Ulvenberg, Jacob Gade Koefoed, Lars Søgaard Rishøj, Michael Galili, Karsten Rottwitt
{"title":"Enhancing four-wave mixing efficiency in optical fibers: the role of core radius fluctuations and mitigation strategies.","authors":"Thjalfe Ulvenberg, Jacob Gade Koefoed, Lars Søgaard Rishøj, Michael Galili, Karsten Rottwitt","doi":"10.1364/OE.558307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.558307","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We introduce a versatile, easy-to-implement Gaussian process model that provides a flexible framework for modeling core-radius fluctuations of an optical fiber. The flexibility of the model allows for easy modification of the fiber profile to fit known characteristics, such as forcing the profile through carefully measured radii at specific points. The model is then used to show the drastic impact that fluctuations have on the efficiency of wide-spanning four-wave mixing systems. Furthermore, by optimizing the fiber design of a simple step-index fiber, we show that the efficiency of the four-wave mixing can be drastically improved even in the presence of large core-radius fluctuations.</p>","PeriodicalId":19691,"journal":{"name":"Optics express","volume":"33 11","pages":"22145-22153"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144294527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}