Orthopedic Reviews最新文献

{"title":"SIMULTANEOUS CONTRALATERAL HIGH TIBIAL OSTEOTOMY DURING TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY: A NEW PERSPECTIVE IN ORTHOPEDIC SURGERY.","authors":"Bedrettin Akar, Fatih Ugur, Mehmet Bülent Balioglu, Yusuf Oztürkmen","doi":"10.52965/001c.164463","DOIUrl":"10.52965/001c.164463","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to demonstrate the clinical outcomes of simultaneously applied two different surgical procedures in patients with bilateral gonarthrosis of varying degrees.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patient files registered in our clinic between 2016 and 2021 were retrospectively reviewed, and 35 patients who underwent simultaneous total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and high tibial osteotomy (HTO) were identified. Patient selection was based on preoperative ortho-radiograms, and surgeries were performed on patients having grade IV osteoarthritis in one knee and grade II osteoarthritis in the contralateral knee. The study included 32 patients, of whom 3 were excluded due to irregular follow-ups, morbid obesity, and multiple comorbidities. The mean follow-up period was 48 months.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All patients were female, with a mean age of 60.19±3.28 years. The mean postoperative Visual Analog Scale scores and modified Oxford Knee Scores of the HTO and TKA groups were significantly lower than their mean preoperative scores (p=0.0001 for both). None of the knees that underwent HTO required revision or conversion to TKA. Furthermore, no HTO plates were removed in any patient.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Simultaneous application of HTO and TKA to both knees can result inclinically and functionally successful outcomes in appropriately selected cases, in line with the surgeon's recommendation and the patient's preference. The correction achieved in both the anatomical and mechanical axes in a single session positively contributes to clinical and functional outcomes. Furthermore, performing two different surgeries under a single anesthesia session provides economic and psychological benefits to the patient.</p>","PeriodicalId":19669,"journal":{"name":"Orthopedic Reviews","volume":"18 ","pages":"164463"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13356931/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148430778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Rehabilitation Interventions on Pain and Functional Outcomes in Pregnancy-Related Lumbopelvic Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.","authors":"Hala Mesbah Alruwaili","doi":"10.52965/001c.163929","DOIUrl":"10.52965/001c.163929","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pregnancy related lumbopelvic pain is a major source of pain related disability during pregnancy, yet the therapeutic effectiveness of structured rehabilitation interventions in symptomatic populations remains incompletely defined.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was conducted in accordance with PRISMA 2020. PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched from inception through March 2026. Eligible studies included women with clinically relevant pregnancy related lumbopelvic pain receiving structured rehabilitation interventions. Primary outcomes were post intervention pain intensity and functional disability. Random effects meta-analysis using standardized mean differences with 95% confidence intervals was performed where appropriate.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ten randomized controlled trials were included in the qualitative synthesis. Four studies contributed to the pooled pain analysis, demonstrating significant improvement with rehabilitation compared with comparator conditions (SMD, -0.73; 95% CI, -0.99 to -0.46; I²=38.7%). Four studies contributed to the functional disability analysis, which also favored rehabilitation (SMD, -0.52; 95% CI, -0.92 to -0.13), although heterogeneity was substantial (I²=75.9%). Secondary outcomes including symptom prevalence, work absenteeism, health related quality of life, and postpartum recovery showed inconsistent findings.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Rehabilitation based interventions are associated with significant improvements in pain intensity and functional disability in women with pregnancy related lumbopelvic pain, with more consistent effects observed for pain outcomes. However, interpretation should remain cautious given heterogeneity, limited pooled evidence, and overall methodological constraints.</p>","PeriodicalId":19669,"journal":{"name":"Orthopedic Reviews","volume":"18 ","pages":"163929"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13356932/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148430761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meta-analysis of Randomized Trials in Emergency and Acute Orthopedic Trauma Comparing Aspirin and Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin for Thromboprophylaxis.","authors":"Abdulelah F Alshehri, Waleed O Samarkandi, Leena Muhanad, Hassan E Mesri, Omar H Bin Salleeh, Ahmad M AlAmiri, Abdullah A Bukhari, Abdulrahman M Alshehri, Abdullah A Alrajeh, Faris A Alrazoq, Abdulrahman A Alshawaf, Ahmad A Alzamel, Mohammed M Alsheikh Tahboub, Mohammed I Albadawi, Salman S Alqahtani","doi":"10.52965/001c.163922","DOIUrl":"10.52965/001c.163922","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Venous thromboembolism remains an important complication after acute orthopedic trauma. Low molecular weight heparin has historically been the conventional pharmacologic standard for thromboprophylaxis, while aspirin has gained increasing clinical interest as a practical alternative. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated randomized controlled trial evidence comparing aspirin with low molecular weight heparin after acute orthopedic trauma.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were systematically searched from database inception through March 21, 2026. Randomized controlled trials comparing aspirin with low molecular weight heparin in adults with acute orthopedic trauma requiring thromboprophylaxis were included. Primary outcomes were all cause mortality, bleeding complications, and infection related complications. Quantitative synthesis was performed where appropriate using pooled risk ratios with 95% confidence intervals under a random effects model. Venous thromboembolic outcomes were synthesized qualitatively because of heterogeneous endpoint definitions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four publications representing two independent randomized orthopedic trauma trial programs involving 12,540 participants were included. Meta analysis showed no statistically significant differences between aspirin and low molecular weight heparin for all cause mortality (risk ratio 1.02, 95% confidence interval 0.69 to 1.53), bleeding complications (risk ratio 0.96, 95% confidence interval 0.88 to 1.05), or infection related complications (risk ratio 1.05, 95% confidence interval 0.80 to 1.37). No statistical heterogeneity was observed across pooled outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Aspirin did not demonstrate statistically significant differences from low molecular weight heparin in mortality or major safety outcomes within the currently available randomized orthopedic trauma evidence. However, comparative venous thromboembolic efficacy remains uncertain because thromboembolic outcomes could not be validly pooled. Further trauma specific randomized studies with standardized outcome reporting are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":19669,"journal":{"name":"Orthopedic Reviews","volume":"18 ","pages":"163922"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13331335/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148391576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Limb Salvage Using Knee Arthrodesis Endoprosthesis for Ewing Sarcoma With Extensor Mechanism Loss: A Case Report and Surgical Decision-Making Review.","authors":"Brayan R Pedroza, Gabriel De Jesús Narvaez Carrasquilla, Alejandro Uribe Marín, Diana Katherine Conde Patiño, Camilo Andrés Galvan Baldovino","doi":"10.52965/001c.163734","DOIUrl":"10.52965/001c.163734","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Malignant tumors around the knee pose a complex reconstructive challenge, particularly in the setting of an unreconstructable extensor mechanism. Although limb-salvage surgery with megaprosthetic reconstruction is the standard approach, its success is contingent upon extensor mechanism preservation. When this is not achievable, knee arthrodesis with modular endoprosthetic systems remains a robust salvage strategy.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 17-year-old male presented with a one-year history of progressive left knee swelling, pain, and functional impairment. Imaging demonstrated extensive involvement of the soft tissues, distal femur, and proximal tibia, with articular extension and close association with the patellar tendon. Biopsy confirmed Ewing sarcoma. The patient underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy with vincristine, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide. This was followed by wide oncologic resection, including the distal femur, proximal tibia, and extensor mechanism, and reconstruction with a knee arthrodesis prosthesis. Final histopathology confirmed negative margins and 30% tumor necrosis. At 6-month follow-up, the patient remained disease-free with satisfactory functional recovery.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Endoprosthetic knee arthrodesis provides a durable and oncologically sound limb-salvage option in cases where the extensor mechanism cannot be reconstructed. Optimal outcomes depend on appropriate patient selection and rigorous oncologic management.</p>","PeriodicalId":19669,"journal":{"name":"Orthopedic Reviews","volume":"18 ","pages":"163734"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13331336/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148391603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The patient and seven surgeries: A clinical case of late-diagnosed posterior shoulder dislocations resulting in bilateral arthroplasty using 3D technology.","authors":"Georgiy Airapetov, Vadim Naydanov, Dmitry Samkovich, Ivan Dmitrov, Alexey Prizov, Asadula Abasov, Armen Danilyants, Konstantin Dzampaev","doi":"10.52965/001c.163925","DOIUrl":"10.52965/001c.163925","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Posterior shoulder dislocations are rare and frequently misdiagnosed injuries that can lead to significant functional impairment if treatment is delayed. Chronic instability, restricted range of motion, and progressive degenerative changes often develop in neglected cases.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We report a clinical case of a patient with bilateral posterior shoulder dislocations diagnosed 12 months after an epileptic seizure. The patient underwent multiple surgical interventions, including bilateral open reduction and defect reconstruction using custom implants. Persistent pain and limited motion after initial surgeries led to right shoulder anatomic total arthroplasty. In the postoperative period, a periprosthetic infection developed, requiring revision surgery and placement of an antibiotic-loaded spacer. During preoperative planning for the second-stage surgery, computed tomography revealed a substantial glenoid bone defect, which required the development and use of patient-specific instrumentation (PSI) and custom 3D-printed glenoid. Subsequently, anatomical total shoulder arthroplasty was performed on the left side, with autograft reconstruction of the humeral head.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At the latest follow-up 34 to 43 months postoperatively, the patient demonstrated excellent functional outcomes (Constant Shoulder Score: 94 right, 98 left; ASES: 93 right, 95 left) with minimal residual pain and stable implant positioning on radiographs without evidence of bone resorption or lysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case highlights the critical importance of early diagnosis and individualized treatment planning for posterior shoulder dislocations. Advanced 3D technologies, including patient-specific instrumentation and custom implants, can effectively address complex bone defects, enabling restoration of function even after multiple prior surgeries.</p>","PeriodicalId":19669,"journal":{"name":"Orthopedic Reviews","volume":"18 ","pages":"163925"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13331337/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148391588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lumbar Epidural Steroid Injection Approaches: A Practical Overview for Trainees.","authors":"Jamal Hasoon, Joey Hung, George Atallah, Alan D Kaye, Christopher L Robinson","doi":"10.52965/001c.163307","DOIUrl":"10.52965/001c.163307","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lumbar epidural steroid injections (ESIs) are a commonly performed interventional procedure in the treatment of acute and chronic pain related spinal disorders. The three primary approaches to the epidural space include interlaminar, transforaminal, and caudal techniques, each with unique technical considerations, advantages, and limitations. The interlaminar approach allows broad epidural spread and is frequently utilized for multilevel pathology. The transforaminal approach enables more targeted delivery of medication near the affected nerve root, allowing for greater local drug concentration while also providing potential diagnostic value in identifying symptomatic nerve roots. The caudal approach provides a technically useful alternative in patients with prior lumbar surgery, scoliosis, or altered spinal anatomy and is associated with a favorable safety profile. This concise review summarizes the key teaching points of each lumbar ESI technique and provides representative fluoroscopic images to highlight the characteristic procedural views commonly encountered in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":19669,"journal":{"name":"Orthopedic Reviews","volume":"18 ","pages":"163307"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13331338/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148391598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peri-operative nutrition in femoral neck fracture arthroplasty: a pragmatic framework to mitigate dual-hit catabolism and improve outcomes.","authors":"Leonard Muhango, Dyllan B Geldenhuys, Nena Elebo, Winifred Mukiibi, Nkhodiseni Sikhauli, Jurek R T Pietrzak","doi":"10.52965/001c.163301","DOIUrl":"10.52965/001c.163301","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Femoral neck fracture patients represent one of the most metabolically vulnerable populations undergoing total hip arthroplasty, with malnutrition prevalence frequently exceeding 40-50%. - Acute trauma, enforced fasting, inflammation and comorbidity amplify the surgical stress response, accelerating protein catabolism, immune dysfunction and muscle loss. - Malnutrition in femoral neck fracture patients is independently associated with increased mortality, infection, prolonged hospital stay, delayed mobilisation and institutionalisation. - Unlike elective arthroplasty, opportunities for pre-operative optimisation are limited, making early identification and aggressive peri-operative nutritional support critical. - A phase-specific nutritional framework-focused on rapid screening, intra-operative metabolic protection and early post-operative feeding-offers a pragmatic, low-cost strategy to improve outcomes, particularly in LMIC settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":19669,"journal":{"name":"Orthopedic Reviews","volume":"18 ","pages":"163301"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13327100/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148376373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bridging Mouth and Metal: Dental Hygiene and the Risk of Periprosthetic Joint Infection.","authors":"Mariam Cachalia, Nnenna Elebo, Nkhodiseni Sikhauli, Jurek Rafal Tomasz Pietrzak","doi":"10.52965/001c.163041","DOIUrl":"10.52965/001c.163041","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is one of the most serious complications of total joint arthroplasty (TJA), carrying both severe functional consequences and substantial economic costs. PJIs most commonly result from microbial contamination at the time of surgery or during the early postoperative period, while haematogenous seeding from distant infection sources accounts for a smaller proportion of cases. Patient-related factors, including diabetes mellitus, immunosuppression, obesity, malnutrition and smoking, as well as procedure-related factors such as prolonged operative time and wound complications, further increase risk. Among potential sources of haematogenous spread, the oral cavity has long been considered a possible source of infection, leading to routine dental clearance and prophylactic antibiotic use before dental procedures in patients with joint prostheses. However, contemporary epidemiological evidence challenges the causal role of dental-procedure-related bacteraemia in PJI. This review synthesises contemporary literature on the burden of PJI, the prevalence of dental pathology among arthroplasty patients, the microbiology of oral-associated infections and shifts in guideline recommendations. Across systemic reviews, cohort studies and registry data - dental associated PJIs are exceedingly rare. Prophylactic antibiotics provide no measurable protection and nearly half of the implicated organisms are resistant to amoxicillin. The evidence supports prioritising lifelong oral hygiene and targeted management of systemic comorbidities as more effective strategies for risk reduction. Selective dental intervention in high-risk patients, rather than universal clearance or prophylaxis, aligns with antibiotic stewardship and equitable access to surgery. Historical literature has not demonstrated a consistent causal relationship between dental pathology and PJI, highlighting the need for well-designed prospective studies. Accordingly, practice has shifted away from blanket antibiotic prophylaxis towards individualised, risk-based decision making.</p>","PeriodicalId":19669,"journal":{"name":"Orthopedic Reviews","volume":"18 ","pages":"163041"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13293608/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148331873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping the Global Research Landscape of Stress Fractures in Athletes.","authors":"Arina Banerji, Vedha Dande, Latha Ganti","doi":"10.52965/001c.162686","DOIUrl":"10.52965/001c.162686","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To systematically evaluate the global research landscape and identify key trends, influential contributors, and emerging themes in studies on stress fractures in athletes using bibliometric methods.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive bibliometric analysis was conducted using the Web of Science Core Collection database. Publications from 1969-2026 were analyzed using the topic search terms \"stress fracture\" or \"fatigue fracture\" and \"athlete\" or \"sport\" or \"runner\" or \"physical training\". Key bibliometric indicators included publication trends, country and institutional productivity, collaboration networks, and keyword co-occurrence. Data visualization and network mapping were performed using the VOSviewer software and Google Sheets.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 2547 publications were identified. The annual research output demonstrated a marked increase beginning in the early 2000s, peaking in 2021, followed by a slight decline in recent years. The United States, Japan, and England were the leading contributors. Keyword co-occurrence analysis revealed three primary research clusters: (1) clinical diagnosis and management of stress fractures, (2) risk factors, epidemiology, and prevention, and (3) biomechanics and mechanisms of stress fractures, particularly in running-related activities. Collaboration networks indicated strong contributions from high-income countries, with relatively limited global research integration.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Research on stress fractures in athletes has expanded substantially over the past several decades, driven by advancements in diagnostic imaging, increased sports participation, and growing awareness of overuse injuries. These factors also led the field to develop more specialized investigations in prevention and biomechanics of injury. Although a recent decline in publication count is observed, this is likely due to indexing delays rather than a true reduction in research activity. Despite recent progress, important gaps remain. Future research should prioritize long-term outcomes, standardized methodologies, and multicenter collaborations. Addressing these gaps will be essential to improving the generalizability of findings and optimizing clinical management strategies for athletic populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":19669,"journal":{"name":"Orthopedic Reviews","volume":"18 ","pages":"162686"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13286668/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148308908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cancer and total hip arthroplasty: a narrative review of clinical intersections, challenges and outcomes.","authors":"Winifred Mukiibi, Kehlin Moodley, Nkhodiseni Sikhauli, Jurek R T Pietrzak","doi":"10.52965/001c.162147","DOIUrl":"10.52965/001c.162147","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;There is a rising global burden of cancer cases reported annually, an increase to 35 million cases by 2050 is anticipated. Additionally, an increase in cancer survivorship due to modern oncology advancements exists. There is an increasing need for total hip arthroplasty (THA) in this cohort due to degenerative disease, metastatic disease or oncologic treatment induced bone disease. Advances in cancer treatment have led to an increasing population of cancer survivors who require orthopaedic arthroplasty procedures. The associated surgical risks are amplified in this group, including increased blood loss, decreased systemic reserves and overall frailty. Studies evaluating perioperative outcomes consistently demonstrate that patients with cancer experience increased morbidity and mortality after arthroplasty surgical procedures, compared to the general population. This underscores the need for a comprehensive understanding, risk stratification and multidisciplinary perioperative management to minimize potential surgical-associated risks. However, there are good reported outcomes with THA in cancer patients which are comparable to their controls. This review looks at the critical issues faced by reconstructive orthopaedic surgeons when treating patients with a history of cancer or active malignancy, particularly those undergoing THA.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Aims of the review: &lt;/strong&gt;This narrative review aims to explore the bidirectional relationship between cancer and THA, outcomes and management strategies. It will describe the pertinent issues reconstructive surgeons face when treating patients with cancer. The goal is to highlight the clinical intersections, challenges, and necessary management strategies specific to this population. This is especially relevant in view of the rising number of cancer patients being reported globally.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Key findings: &lt;/strong&gt;Key findings of the review include the elevated risks associated with cancer patients undergoing THA. Complications such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in patients with a history of malignancy, and early postoperative mortality in patients with active malignancy are reported. Furthermore, patients with disseminated cancer undergoing elective THA have significantly elevated risks for death and various postoperative complications. It is imperative that adequate preoperative work up, intraoperative planning and post operative management strategies are employed in such cases.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;The global cancer burden is increasing, along with improved survivorship, this has created a growing subpopulation of patients requiring THA. Surgery in cancer patients presents unique challenges and increased perioperative risks. This underscores the need for comprehensive risk stratification and a multidisciplinary management approach to minimize potential risks. THA offers vital functional and palliative benefits to cancer patients. Therefore, ongoing r","PeriodicalId":19669,"journal":{"name":"Orthopedic Reviews","volume":"18 ","pages":"162147"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13286669/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148308920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}