Orthopedic Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Swimming-related shoulder injuries: A Bibliometric Analysis of Global Research Trends.","authors":"Aarya Ali, Samuel Andrade, Omar Viswanath, Latha Ganti","doi":"10.52965/001c.167319","DOIUrl":"10.52965/001c.167319","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Competitive swimming has grown substantially worldwide, bringing increased attention to the prevalence of overuse injuries among athletes. One of the most common conditions, swimmer's shoulder, is closely associated with orthopedic pathologies including rotator cuff tendinopathy, labral injury, and scapular dyskinesis, resulting from the repetitive overhead motion required in swimming. Despite growing clinical and research interest in these injuries, the global landscape and evolution of scientific research on swimming-related shoulder injuries have not yet been investigated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using Web of Science, a total of 542 publications concerning shoulder disorders in swimmers between 1965 and 2026 were analyzed to investigate key factors, contributors, and overall research trends. VOSviewer was also used during this process to assess co-authorship networks, journal distribution, and collaboration patterns. Lastly, Microsoft Excel was used to evaluate publication trends over time, citation patterns, language distribution, and geographic contributions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Publication and citation output increased substantially over time, with particularly rapid growth starting from the 2010s. A geographical examination found that the United States accounted for the highest proportion of publications, followed by England, Australia, Canada, and Brazil. The most prolific publication sources included Journal of Sport Rehabilitation, Journal of Athletic Training, American Journal of Sports Medicine, British Journal of Sports Medicine, and International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy. Lastly, author and affiliation patterns suggested that research output is concentrated among a limited number of institutions and collaborative networks.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The steady increase of research on swimmer's shoulder reflects a growing awareness of shoulder overuse injuries as a significant issue in sports medicine. Much of this work comes from English publications, high-income countries, and various author and institution networks. This shows improvements in understanding injury mechanisms and management. Additionally, the high number of studies in sports medicine, rehabilitation, and orthopedic journals emphasizes the clinical focus of this field and provides a future avenue for research. However, gaps still exist in global representation, language diversity, and the application of findings into prevention and rehabilitation strategies. Further efforts should emphasize international collaboration and clinically applicable research to enhance long-term swimmer health.</p>","PeriodicalId":19669,"journal":{"name":"Orthopedic Reviews","volume":"18 ","pages":"167319"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13537653/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148881083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proximal Humerus Fractures - A Contemporary Narrative Review of Management Strategies.","authors":"Umair Baig, Basel Balbisi, Reece Patel, Daoud Makki","doi":"10.52965/001c.168220","DOIUrl":"10.52965/001c.168220","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Proximal humerus fractures are a heterogeneous group of injuries with increasing incidence, particularly among older adults. Management remains controversial and is influenced by fracture morphology, patient characteristics, functional demands and evolving surgical options. Traditional classification systems, including Neer and AO/OTA, assist treatment planning but have limited reproducibility and predictive value. This contemporary narrative review integrates current evidence with expert clinical insight to provide a pragmatic framework for managing adult proximal humerus fractures. PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library were searched for studies published between 2000 and 2025, including randomised controlled trials, systematic reviews, meta-analyses and key cohort studies addressing operative and non-operative treatment. Undisplaced fractures are generally managed non-operatively with good outcomes. Fracture-dislocations and completely displaced humeral shaft injuries are biomechanically unstable and usually require early surgery. Most other fractures lie within a clinical grey zone in which treatment can be individualised according to age, fracture pattern, bone quality and functional demand. Younger patients with reconstructable fractures may benefit from early fixation, whereas some complex, non-reconstructable injuries can still achieve acceptable outcomes with conservative treatment. In elderly patients, early arthroplasty may be indicated for fractures extending into the proximal shaft, with delayed intervention suitable in selected cases. Advances in imaging, implant design and artificial intelligence may further improve patient-specific decision-making.</p>","PeriodicalId":19669,"journal":{"name":"Orthopedic Reviews","volume":"18 ","pages":"168220"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13537655/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148881169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Affecting Transfusion Rate for Patients After Hip Fracture.","authors":"Fouad Qupti, Mahmod Hasan, Fadi Khalil Hanna, Habib Shehadeh, Mokbil Shalah, Mohammad Ghadir","doi":"10.52965/001c.167323","DOIUrl":"10.52965/001c.167323","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hip fractures are a common indication for red blood cell transfusion among elderly patients. Blood transfusion may be clinically necessary, yet it carries risks and should be anticipated according to patient and surgical characteristics.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This retrospective study aimed to identify clinical and perioperative factors associated with the need for blood transfusion among patients hospitalized with hip fracture.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study included 150 patients with hip fracture treated at the Orthopedic Department of Bnei Zion Medical Center between April 2014 and June 2015. The transfusion group included 100 patients who received blood transfusions, and the control group included 50 surgically treated patients who did not require transfusion. Group comparisons were performed using t tests, chi-square tests, Fisher exact tests, and multivariable logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Transfused patients were older than non-transfused controls (84.5 ± 7.4 vs 80.2 ± 8.1 years; P = 0.002). Age above 90 years (34% vs 14%; P = 0.030), subtrochanteric fracture (20% vs 6%; P = 0.031), aspirin use (41% vs 18%; P = 0.006), surgery duration exceeding 90 minutes (33% vs 8%; P = 0.0079), and B+ blood type (26% vs 6%; P = 0.041) were significantly associated with transfusion in univariate analysis. In multivariable logistic regression, age above 90 years (OR, 2.64; 95% CI, 1.08-6.45; P = 0.033), subtrochanteric fracture (OR, 3.21; 95% CI, 1.01-10.18; P = 0.048), and surgery duration exceeding 90 minutes (OR, 4.87; 95% CI, 1.62-14.63; P = 0.005) remained significant predictors.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Among elderly patients with hip fracture, advanced age, subtrochanteric fracture, and prolonged surgical duration were the main independent predictors of blood transfusion. Aspirin use and B+ blood type were significant in univariate analysis but should be interpreted cautiously. Recognition of high-risk profiles may improve perioperative planning, blood bank preparation, and patient management.</p>","PeriodicalId":19669,"journal":{"name":"Orthopedic Reviews","volume":"18 ","pages":"167323"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13537661/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148881148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adolescent patellofemoral pain syndrome: reappraisal of pathophysiology and implications for clinical management.","authors":"Thierry Conrozier, Anne Lohse","doi":"10.52965/001c.166796","DOIUrl":"10.52965/001c.166796","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Adolescent patellofemoral pain syndrome (APFS) is the most common cause of knee pain in this population. Despite its high prevalence, it remains frequently underestimated and is often considered a benign and self-limiting condition. However, persistent symptoms, significant psychosocial burden, and limited long-term efficacy of conventional treatments challenge this traditional view and call for an updated understanding of its underlying mechanisms and management.</p><p><strong>Main body: </strong>This narrative review is based on a structured literature search conducted in PubMed and Google Scholar, with studies selected according to predefined relevance criteria. APFS typically develops around puberty and predominantly affects physically active adolescents, particularly females. Clinical presentation is characterized by activity-related anterior knee pain and pain during prolonged sitting. Diagnosis remains primarily clinical, although it should incorporate assessment of biomechanical, functional, and psychosocial factors. While standard imaging is usually unremarkable, advanced magnetic resonance imaging techniques have revealed early structural and biochemical cartilage alterations. Current evidence supports a multifactorial model of pain involving both peripheral nociceptive sources and central sensitization mechanisms, further supported by neuroimaging studies. Psychosocial factors, including kinesiophobia, reduced participation in physical activity, and impaired quality of life, play a key role in symptom persistence. Standard management based on education, load management, and rehabilitation yields suboptimal outcomes in a substantial proportion of adolescents. Emerging approaches include psychologically informed interventions, digital adherence strategies, and adjunctive therapies such as intra-articular hyaluronic acid.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>APFS should no longer be regarded as a benign condition. A shift toward earlier, multimodal, and individualized management is warranted, integrating physical, psychological, and educational components. Improved understanding of central pain mechanisms and the development of adjunctive therapeutic strategies may contribute to better outcomes and prevention of chronicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":19669,"journal":{"name":"Orthopedic Reviews","volume":"18 ","pages":"166796"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13537656/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148881159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selective Distribution of Flexor Hallucis Longus-Derived Slips at the Knot of Henry and Fifth Toe Functional Independence: A Narrative Review.","authors":"Seiichi Niikura, Yoichi Toyoshima, Haruka Emori, Yuichiro Okazaki, Hirotaka Kato, Mayuko Noda, Yoshifumi Kudo","doi":"10.52965/001c.167321","DOIUrl":"10.52965/001c.167321","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The tendon interconnection between the flexor hallucis longus (FHL) and flexor digitorum longus (FDL) at the knot of Henry has important anatomical and clinical implications, particularly in tendon transfer surgery. Although previous anatomical studies have consistently shown that FHL-derived slips are distributed mainly to the second through fourth toes, the reason for their minimal contribution to the fifth toe remains unclear. This narrative review examined anatomical and functional studies identified through PubMed and Google Scholar, focusing on the FHL-FDL interconnection, toe-specific tendon distribution, and the role of the quadratus plantae (QP). Six major anatomical studies were identified. Across studies, FHL-derived slips consistently supplied the second and third toes and occasionally the fourth toe, whereas direct contribution to the fifth toe was absent or extremely rare (<1%). Anatomical evidence also demonstrated close integration of the QP with the lateral digital flexor system. Biomechanical findings suggest that the FHL primarily supports medial forefoot propulsion, whereas the lateral column, including the fifth toe, is more closely associated with balance and stabilization through the FDL-QP complex. Together, these findings support the concept of functional differentiation within the long digital flexor system. The selective distribution of FHL-derived slips appears to represent a consistent anatomical pattern rather than random variation, with the fifth toe functioning as a relatively independent unit associated with the FDL-QP complex. This concept may provide a useful framework for interpreting checkrein deformity and for planning tendon-level surgical procedures.</p>","PeriodicalId":19669,"journal":{"name":"Orthopedic Reviews","volume":"18 ","pages":"167321"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13537654/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148881111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation for Knee Osteoarthritis: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials Evaluating Pain, Disability, Muscle Strength, and Functional Performance.","authors":"Waleed O Samarkandi, Hassan E Mesri, Faisal Khalid M Alqahtani, Rayan N Alanazi, Saud Turki M Alqahtani, Mohammed M Tarabishi, Abdullah M A Khattab, Abdelrahman N Barakat, Thekra S Alabdah, Saad Shafi Al-Ghamdi, Sara Adil Alqazanli, Abdalrazaq S Jamous, Yazn AlQabbani, Abdulrhman A Almazrou, Abdulelah F Alshehri","doi":"10.52965/001c.168252","DOIUrl":"10.52965/001c.168252","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is widely used in the rehabilitation of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) to improve quadriceps activation and counteract arthrogenic muscle inhibition. However, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have reported inconsistent findings, and the overall clinical effectiveness of NMES across key patient outcomes remains uncertain.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the effects of NMES, administered alone or in combination with exercise, on pain, self-reported disability, quadriceps muscle strength, and functional performance in adults with KOA, and to explore whether treatment effects differ according to comparator intervention.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs was conducted according to PRISMA 2020. PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and CENTRAL were searched from inception to April 20, 2026. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed using restricted maximum likelihood estimation. Prespecified subgroup and sensitivity analyses were undertaken, and risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane RoB 2 tool.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eight unique RCTs (10 publications) were included. Overall, NMES did not significantly improve pain, self-reported disability, quadriceps strength, or six-minute walk distance compared with pooled comparator interventions. A significant improvement was observed for Timed Up and Go performance, although this estimate was largely driven by a single trial. Prespecified subgroup analyses demonstrated that treatment effects differed according to comparator intervention. NMES combined with exercise resulted in greater pain reduction than exercise alone, whereas no consistent advantage was observed when NMES was compared with alternative conservative interventions. Most trials were judged to have low risk of bias or some concerns.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>NMES does not appear to provide consistent clinical benefits across all rehabilitation settings for KOA. Rather, its effectiveness depends on the therapeutic context in which it is delivered, with the greatest benefit observed when used as an adjunct to structured exercise rather than as a stand-alone intervention. Larger, methodologically rigorous RCTs using standardized stimulation protocols are required to define the patients most likely to benefit.</p>","PeriodicalId":19669,"journal":{"name":"Orthopedic Reviews","volume":"18 ","pages":"168252"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13537660/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148881162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Evolving Research Landscape of Stress Fracture Risk Factors in Athletes.","authors":"Dharish Kalaisenthil, Pranay Gadikota, Omar Viswanath, Latha Ganti","doi":"10.52965/001c.167315","DOIUrl":"10.52965/001c.167315","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Stress fractures are repetitive overuse injuries in which loading exceeds the bone's threshold to repair damage, thus being prevalent among active people like athletes and soldiers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The present bibliometric analysis of 2,365 papers from the Web of Science Core Collection published between 1974 and 2026 aimed at discovering emerging research trends, highly cited authors, and core themes discussed in the scientific literature on the risk factors associated with stress fractures.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A considerable increase in publication numbers was observed, with one sharp peak recorded between 2016 and 2021 that correlated with the heightened interest in the topics related to the Female Athlete Triad and RED-S. Using co-author and keyword analysis, it was possible to outline six main research clusters covering such topics as epidemiology, female athlete physiology, biomechanics and loading in the military setting, stress fractures in the spinal area, foot-related stress injuries, and radiographic examination methods.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The results suggested the evolution of approaches to stress fractures, shifting from mechanical and orthopedic perspectives to a multi-layered one that considered hormonal, dietary, and energy-availability aspects.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Inconsistencies in terminology used to refer to stress fractures were found to be an additional barrier to conducting systematic reviews.</p>","PeriodicalId":19669,"journal":{"name":"Orthopedic Reviews","volume":"18 ","pages":"167315"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13512476/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148831279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Body Mass Index and Clinical Characteristics Among Patients Undergoing Orthopedic Implant Removal: A Retrospective Observational Study.","authors":"Fouad Qupti, Nael Dabous, Waseem Jiris, Mokbil Shalah, Fadi Khalil Hanna","doi":"10.52965/001c.167325","DOIUrl":"10.52965/001c.167325","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe the body mass index (BMI) profile of patients who underwent orthopedic implant removal and to examine whether BMI was associated with age, sex, anatomical location, and broad symptomatic indication within the implant-removal cohort.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective observational analysis was conducted using clinical records of orthopedic implant removal procedures. The analytic sample included 88 implant-removal procedures performed among 78 unique patients. BMI was calculated from recorded height and weight and categorized using standard clinical thresholds. Descriptive statistics were calculated for BMI, age, sex, and anatomical location. A one-sample t-test was used to determine whether mean BMI differed significantly from the overweight threshold of 25 kg/m². Pearson and Spearman correlations were used to examine the association between age and BMI. One-way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to compare BMI across age groups and anatomical regions. Fisher's exact test was used to examine associations between high BMI, defined as BMI ≥ 25 kg/m², and weight-bearing anatomical regions. A broad symptomatic-removal variable was also examined, based on documentation of pain, irritation, prominent hardware, protruding screw, prominent metalwork, or local pressure. Statistical significance was defined as p < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 88 implant-removal procedures among 78 patients. Mean age was 44.9 ± 16.4 years, and mean BMI was 27.33 ± 5.06 kg/m², significantly above the overweight threshold (p < 0.001). Overall, 68.2% of cases had BMI ≥ 25. BMI was not significantly associated with sex. Age showed a positive correlation with BMI (p < 0.01). BMI differed significantly across age groups and anatomical regions. High BMI was more frequent in weight-bearing regions (90.0% vs. 61.8%, p = 0.027, OR = 5.57). Broad symptomatic removal was identified in 44.3% of cases and was more common in weight-bearing anatomical sites, especially lower-extremity locations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Patients undergoing orthopedic implant removal demonstrated a BMI profile predominantly within the overweight range, with higher BMI associated with older age and weight-bearing anatomical regions. These findings suggest that BMI may play a role in implant-related symptoms, particularly in lower-extremity sites exposed to mechanical loading. However, due to the absence of a non-removal comparison group, results should be interpreted as descriptive and hypothesis-generating rather than establishing causation.Keywords: body mass index; orthopedic implant removal; hardware removal; pain; irritation; obesity; anatomical location.</p>","PeriodicalId":19669,"journal":{"name":"Orthopedic Reviews","volume":"18 ","pages":"167325"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13512469/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148831259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomechanics and Injury Risk in Dance: A Bibliometric Analysis.","authors":"Annabel Lu, Vedha Dande, Omar Viswanath, Latha Ganti","doi":"10.52965/001c.167317","DOIUrl":"10.52965/001c.167317","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>There are many physical demands in dance which require intense training and whole body usage. As people continue to dance, injuries remain a primary issue. Research has associated injuries from dance with overuse, extensive training, and biomechanical risks which lead to pain, long-term physical and psychological effects, and even removal from dance. This bibliometric analysis aims to analyze global research of injury risks from dance movements.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A bibliometric analysis was conducted using the Web of Science database to identify publications related to dance biomechanics and injury risks. A boolean search strategy was developed incorporating three conceptual domains without restrictions: (1) dance, (2) biomechanics, and (3) injury risk. VOSviewer was used to analyze publications by country, co-authorship networks, and collaboration patterns. Analysis on number of yearly publications and top cited authors were performed using Microsoft Excel.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 1,660 publications were identified. An overall increase in annual publications was found from 2002-2025 with the highest number, 110 publications, produced in 2018. The US produced the most publications (507), followed by England and China. The most common keywords found were \"dance\" and \"biomechanics.\" Co-authorship analysis identified three distinct networks of collaboration with author \"Cortes, Nelson\" serving as the primary connection. The top cited publication was produced by Bittencourt et al. in 2016 with 587 citations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Research in dance movements and injury risks has grown over the years. Future research should emphasize expanding studies into other genres of dance while also focusing on ways to help prevent injuries in dancers.</p>","PeriodicalId":19669,"journal":{"name":"Orthopedic Reviews","volume":"18 ","pages":"167317"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13512468/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148831314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping the Competitive Swimming Sports Medicine Literature: A Bibliometric Analysis of Injuries, Biomechanics, Rehabilitation, and Performance.","authors":"Hitomi Nakamura, Pranay Gadikota, Omar Viswanath, Latha Ganti","doi":"10.52965/001c.167313","DOIUrl":"10.52965/001c.167313","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Competitive swimming sports medicine is an interdisciplinary field encompassing musculoskeletal injury prevention, exercise physiology, biomechanics, rehabilitation, and performance optimization. This study aimed to characterize the growth, contributors, collaboration networks, and thematic evolution of research involving competitive swimmers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A two-layer search strategy was applied to the Web of Science Core Collection using sport-specific topic terms and selected Web of Science categories, including Sport Sciences, Orthopedics, Rehabilitation, Pediatrics, Nutrition & Dietetics, and Psychology Applied. Publications were analyzed using VOSviewer and Bibliometrix to evaluate annual output, productive authors, institutions, countries, journals, citation patterns, co-authorship networks, and keyword co-occurrence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The search identified 1,825 publications published between 1969 and June 2026. Annual output increased from fewer than five publications per year before 1985 to a peak of 95 publications in 2021. Sport Sciences was the dominant Web of Science category, accounting for 92.7% of records. The United States, Australia, and Portugal were the leading contributing countries. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise was the most productive journal, with 142 publications. Major research clusters involved swimming biomechanics, training physiology, athlete monitoring, and clinical sports medicine, including swimmer's shoulder, rotator cuff pathology, scapular dysfunction, and overuse injury.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The field has evolved from an early emphasis on hydrodynamics and stroke mechanics toward exercise physiology, training monitoring, injury prevention, rehabilitation, immunology, nutrition, and athlete health. Research remains concentrated in a limited number of countries and institutions, while injury surveillance, para swimming, masters swimming, and standardized return-to-sport criteria remain underdeveloped.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Competitive swimming sports medicine has developed into a multidisciplinary research field integrating biomechanics, physiology, musculoskeletal injury management, and performance science. This bibliometric map identifies influential contributors and emerging research priorities while highlighting the need for standardized injury definitions, improved surveillance, and clinically applicable return-to-sport guidance.</p>","PeriodicalId":19669,"journal":{"name":"Orthopedic Reviews","volume":"18 ","pages":"167313"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13512470/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148831316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}