Oman Medical Journal最新文献_第4页

Antimicrobial Management of Urinary Tract Infections: Insights from a Tertiary Care Hospital in Oman. 尿路感染的抗菌管理：阿曼一家三级护理医院的见解。

Oman Medical Journal Pub Date : 2025-01-31 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.5001/omj.2025.47

Pranjal N Chhajlani, Hemant Hardikar

{"title":"Antimicrobial Management of Urinary Tract Infections: Insights from a Tertiary Care Hospital in Oman.","authors":"Pranjal N Chhajlani, Hemant Hardikar","doi":"10.5001/omj.2025.47","DOIUrl":"10.5001/omj.2025.47","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: To assess treatment initiatives in symptomatic and asymptomatic urinary tract infection (UTI) cases, identify effective antibiotics based on culture reports, and evaluate secondary factors such as symptoms, urine white blood cells, culture correlation, prevalent microbial flora, empirical antibiotic efficacy, and prevalence of multidrug resistance (MDR).Methods: A retrospective analysis of urological cases with microbial growth on culture was conducted. Data on demographics, symptoms, urinalysis, culture analysis, antibiotic sensitivity, and MDR status were collected and statistically analyzed.Results: Out of 223 cases included in the study, 191 were symptomatic and 32 were asymptomatic. Escherichia coli was the most common pathogenic organism (55.6%). Nitrofurantoin exhibited high efficacy (75.4% in symptomatic and 78.1% in asymptomatic patients), with no significant difference between the two groups in MDR bacteria prevalence (p = 0.377) or positive follow-up cultures (p = 0.687).Conclusions: Nitrofurantoin was highly effective for UTIs; however, multidrug-resistant strains remain a concern. With limited access to minimum inhibitory concentration results and culture sensitivity tests during the initial patient visit, physicians prescribing first-line treatments for suspected cases of resistance must carefully evaluate clinical presentation, patient history, and local resistance patterns. Subsequent treatments should be based on culture sensitivity results and clinical guidelines. This study is particularly relevant in the Gulf Cooperation Council region due to its distinct epidemiological and clinical landscape.","PeriodicalId":19667,"journal":{"name":"Oman Medical Journal","volume":"40 1","pages":"e714"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12242136/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144608992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Primary Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Kidney: A Case Series. 原发性肾鳞状细胞癌：一个病例系列。

Oman Medical Journal Pub Date : 2025-01-31 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.5001/omj.2025.04

Noor Nabi Junejo, Muhammad Humza Kamal, Shahid Aquil, Fathiya Al Rahbi, Ghalib Amur Rashid Al Badaai, Khurram Mutahir Siddiqui

引用次数: 0

Extensive Hemangiolymphangioma of the Small Bowel Mesentery: A Case Report. 小肠肠系膜广泛性血管淋巴血管瘤1例。

Oman Medical Journal Pub Date : 2025-01-31 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.5001/omj.2025.06

Mohamed Al Ajmi, Ishaq Al Salmi, Nasser Al Rahbi, Noor Fazaldad, Yahya Al Azri

引用次数: 0

Comparison of Minimally Invasive Surfactant Therapy and Intubation-surfactant Administration-extubation in Premature Neonates with Respiratory Distress Syndrome. 微创表面活性剂治疗与插管-表面活性剂给药-拔管治疗早产儿呼吸窘迫综合征的比较。

Oman Medical Journal Pub Date : 2025-01-31 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.5001/omj.2025.44

Ayat Sulayiam Al-Hinai, Almundher Al-Maawali, Adila Al-Kindi, Abeer Al-Saegh, Khalid Al-Thihli, Ghada A Otaify

{"title":"Comparison of Minimally Invasive Surfactant Therapy and Intubation-surfactant Administration-extubation in Premature Neonates with Respiratory Distress Syndrome.","authors":"Ayat Sulayiam Al-Hinai, Almundher Al-Maawali, Adila Al-Kindi, Abeer Al-Saegh, Khalid Al-Thihli, Ghada A Otaify","doi":"10.5001/omj.2025.44","DOIUrl":"10.5001/omj.2025.44","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) is a rare genetic and cancer-predisposing disorder characterized by variable clinical and molecular abnormalities. It is considered a spectrum ranging from classical BWS to isolated hemihyperplasia (IHH). This study sought to characterize Omani patients with BWS and IHH clinically and molecularly, evaluate their surveillance results, and assess the tumor's prevalence in the cohort.Methods: Nine patients with BWS were retrospectively recruited to the study by searching the medical records of Sultan Qaboos University Hospital between January 2012 and December 2022. Demographics, clinical features, molecular findings, and surveillance test results, including abdominal ultrasound and alpha-fetoprotein, were extracted from the hospital information system and systematically analyzed.Results: Nine patients diagnosed with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome were studied, comprising four BWS cases and five IHH cases. Macroglossia was the predominant clinical feature among BWS patients, whereas lateralized overgrowth was consistently observed in IHH patients. All BWS patients tested positive for methylation anomalies: two exhibited loss of methylation at imprinting control 2 (22.2%), one had paternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 11 (11.1%), and another showed a gain of methylation at imprinting control 1 (11.1%). Throughout the surveillance period, none of the patients showed elevated alpha-fetoprotein levels or developed tumors.Conclusions: This is the first study to examine a cohort of patients with BW spectrum in Oman. It reveals comparable clinical and molecular characteristics to the previously reported BWS patients, yet no tumors were detected in this cohort.","PeriodicalId":19667,"journal":{"name":"Oman Medical Journal","volume":"40 1","pages":"e712"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12235077/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144591936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Clinical Evaluation of Umifenovir as a Potential Antiviral Therapy for COVID-19: A Multi-center, Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial. 乌米诺韦作为新型冠状病毒潜在抗病毒治疗药物的临床评价：一项多中心、随机、对照临床试验

Oman Medical Journal Pub Date : 2025-01-31 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.5001/omj.2025.51

Parisa Kianpour, Reza Mourtami, Sajad Sahab-Negah, Yunes Panahi, Behnam Bayatani, Ali Qazivini, Morteza Izadi, Mojtaba Mojtahedzadeh, Bita Shahrami, Azar Hadadi, Mahnaz Montazeri, Negin Bagher, Farhad Najmeddin

{"title":"Clinical Evaluation of Umifenovir as a Potential Antiviral Therapy for COVID-19: A Multi-center, Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial.","authors":"Parisa Kianpour, Reza Mourtami, Sajad Sahab-Negah, Yunes Panahi, Behnam Bayatani, Ali Qazivini, Morteza Izadi, Mojtaba Mojtahedzadeh, Bita Shahrami, Azar Hadadi, Mahnaz Montazeri, Negin Bagher, Farhad Najmeddin","doi":"10.5001/omj.2025.51","DOIUrl":"10.5001/omj.2025.51","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of umifenovir as a potential antiviral therapy for COVID-19; specifically, to determine whether umifenovir improves clinical outcomes, reduces hospitalization duration, and enhances recovery rates in patients diagnosed with COVID-19 compared to standard care.Methods: In this multicenter, open-label, randomized controlled trial, 260 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 were randomly assigned to receive either umifenovir (200 mg every six hours for seven days) or standard care. The primary outcome was clinical improvement, assessed via the National Early Warning Score 2 system, while secondary outcomes included changes in computed tomography scan scores, length of hospital stay, intensive care unit admission rates, and mortality.Results: Of the 260 patients enrolled, 193 completed the study. Both groups showed significant reductions in clinical symptoms, although myalgia was more prevalent in the umifenovir group. The intervention group demonstrated a significant decrease in computed tomography scan scores; however, no significant differences were observed between groups regarding in hospital stay duration, intensive care unit admissions, or mortality rates.Conclusions: While umifenovir exhibited some immunological benefits in COVID-19 patients, it did not significantly improve broader patient-important outcomes compared to standard care. Therefore, its routine use in clinical practice for COVID-19 treatment is currently not justified, highlighting the need for further research to explore alternative therapeutic strategies.","PeriodicalId":19667,"journal":{"name":"Oman Medical Journal","volume":"40 1","pages":"e716"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12319308/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144784928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bilateral Symmetrical Thalamic Lesions: An Infarction Involving the Artery of Percheron. 双侧对称性丘脑病变：累及柏基隆动脉的梗死。

Oman Medical Journal Pub Date : 2025-01-31 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.5001/omj.2025.03

Ewe Jin Koh, Alvin John Gnanasegaran, Ming Lee Chin

引用次数: 0

An Update on the Role of Alanine Aminotransferase in the Detection of Chronic Liver Diseases Relevant to Primary Care. 丙氨酸转氨酶在与初级保健相关的慢性肝病检测中的作用的最新进展

Oman Medical Journal Pub Date : 2025-01-31 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.5001/omj.2025.46

Said A Al-Busafi, Ahmed Alwassief, Mohammed Al-Azri

{"title":"An Update on the Role of Alanine Aminotransferase in the Detection of Chronic Liver Diseases Relevant to Primary Care.","authors":"Said A Al-Busafi, Ahmed Alwassief, Mohammed Al-Azri","doi":"10.5001/omj.2025.46","DOIUrl":"10.5001/omj.2025.46","url":null,"abstract":"Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is a key biomarker used in primary care to detect chronic liver diseases, particularly in high-risk populations such as those with metabolic syndrome and obesity. This review explores the role ALTs play in screening for asymptomatic liver diseases and its ability to predict all-cause and liver-related mortality. While ALT remains valuable for screening in high-risk groups, its utility in the general population is limited due to a lack of cost-effective studies. Recent research suggests that lower ALT thresholds may improve early detection of liver disease, especially in individuals with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. However, ALT alone may not be sufficient, as it has limitations regarding specificity and sensitivity. Combining ALT with other diagnostic tools, such as imaging techniques and additional liver enzyme markers, could enhance screening accuracy and early detection in primary care settings. Regular monitoring and adapting ALT cutoff values for specific populations are recommended to optimize liver disease management. This approach could lead to improved clinical outcomes, reduced progression to severe liver conditions, and better healthcare resource utilization.","PeriodicalId":19667,"journal":{"name":"Oman Medical Journal","volume":"40 1","pages":"e708"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12302077/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144732608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Efficacy of POSSUM and P-POSSUM Scoring Systems in Predicting Outcomes of Emergency Gastrointestinal Surgeries. POSSUM和P-POSSUM评分系统预测急诊胃肠手术预后的效果。

Oman Medical Journal Pub Date : 2025-01-31 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.5001/omj.2025.43

Akarsh Bullagan, Atul Jain, Suhas Agarwal, Vaishali Saxena, Tanweer Karim, Sumit Chakravarti

{"title":"Efficacy of POSSUM and P-POSSUM Scoring Systems in Predicting Outcomes of Emergency Gastrointestinal Surgeries.","authors":"Akarsh Bullagan, Atul Jain, Suhas Agarwal, Vaishali Saxena, Tanweer Karim, Sumit Chakravarti","doi":"10.5001/omj.2025.43","DOIUrl":"10.5001/omj.2025.43","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess morbidity and mortality outcomes using the physiological and operative severity score for the enumeration of mortality and morbidity (POSSUM) and Portsmouth POSSUM (P-POSSUM) scores in patients undergoing emergency gastrointestinal surgeries, and to compare the capabilities of POSSUM and P-POSSUM models in predicting mortality and morbidity.Methods: In this prospective observational study, participants were selected from patients undergoing emergency gastrointestinal surgery at our hospital. The physiological component of POSSUM and P-POSSUM scores was calculated preoperatively, while the operative component was determined intraoperatively.Results: A total of 45 patients were included in the study, with a mean age of 37.9 ± 15.7 years. The male-female ratio was 1.5:1.0. Intestinal perforation was the most common diagnosis (15; 33.3%) that necessitated exploratory laparotomy. The cutoff of POSSUM morbidity score of 87.5% had a sensitivity of 83.3% and a specificity of 92.6%, while the cutoff P-POSSUM morbidity score of 88.6% yielded a sensitivity of 88.9% and a specificity of 96.3%. Regarding mortality prediction, the cutoff POSSUM mortality score of 56.7% had a sensitivity of 87.5% and a specificity of 94.6%, while a P-POSSUM mortality cutoff score of 22.7% had a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 81.1%.Conclusions: Both POSSUM and P-POSSUM scores demonstrated significant sensitivity and specificity in predicting morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing emergency gastrointestinal surgeries. They can be effectively utilized for risk assessment in clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":19667,"journal":{"name":"Oman Medical Journal","volume":"40 1","pages":"e711"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12319306/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144784929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Annual Trend in Hypoglycemia Emergency Cases in Oman: A Single Center Retrospective Study. 阿曼低血糖急诊病例的年度趋势：一项单中心回顾性研究

Oman Medical Journal Pub Date : 2025-01-31 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.5001/omj.2025.42

Maha Alriyami, Walaa Al Hinai, Mahmood Al Jufaili, Sathiya Panchatcharam, Abdullah Al Futaisi

{"title":"Annual Trend in Hypoglycemia Emergency Cases in Oman: A Single Center Retrospective Study.","authors":"Maha Alriyami, Walaa Al Hinai, Mahmood Al Jufaili, Sathiya Panchatcharam, Abdullah Al Futaisi","doi":"10.5001/omj.2025.42","DOIUrl":"10.5001/omj.2025.42","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: This study aimed to estimate the incidence and trends of hypoglycemia cases admitted to the emergency department of a tertiary hospital in Oman before the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the hospital records of all patients aged ≥ 15 years admitted to the emergency department with hypoglycemia (random blood glucose level ≤ 3.9 mmol/L) between January 2010 and January 2017.Results: A total of 242 patients were admitted with hypoglycemia, with an incidence increasing from 3.31 to 5.25 per 10 000 individuals during the study period. Non-diabetic patients exhibited significantly higher rates of abnormal heart rates compared to those with diabetes (p =0.010). Non-diabetics were more likely to have liver disease, liver cirrhosis, malignancies, exposure to drugs/toxins, and infections (p < 0.050), while diabetic patients had significantly higher rates of cerebrovascular diseases (p < 0.050). To manage hypoglycemia, intravenous dextrose was administered significantly more for patients with diabetes compared to non-diabetics (p=0.015). In the study cohort, glucagon was administered to only one patient.Conclusions: The incidence of hypoglycemia presentations increased during the study period. Intravenous dextrose was the primary management approach for diabetic patients, and glucagon use was minimal. Further investigation is required to decipher the hypoglycemia trends in the post-pandemic period.","PeriodicalId":19667,"journal":{"name":"Oman Medical Journal","volume":"40 1","pages":"e710"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12235078/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144591935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abdominal Pain and Vomiting in a Boy with Factor VII Deficiency. 第七因子缺乏的男孩腹痛和呕吐。

Oman Medical Journal Pub Date : 2025-01-31 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.5001/omj.2025.37

Yusriya Al Rawahi, Zainab Al-Siyabi, Humoud Al Dhuhli, Nawal Al-Mashaikhi, Alghalya Al Maawali

引用次数: 0